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True Intelligence In spite of the fact that intelligence quotient tests have been around for decades, many professionals are attempting to determine the factors and causes behind aptitude. Several options exist to explain or disprove the reasons why some attain above average intellect, while others manage varying degrees less. Some of these alternatives, along with arguments in the general and human intelligence topics, will be found inside the following pages of discussion. General intelligence is a real process, which involves several distinct elements and skills of reasoning. In the words of Goertzel & Pennachin (2007) “General intelligence is the ability to achieve complex goals in complex environments” (p. 59). Examples of this can be easily found in everyday life, such as an attorney preparing for major case, corporate managers running several stores in different counties, as well as general contractors erecting skyscraper buildings in a downtown area. While some individuals are able to do quite well in such situations, others would be challenged to absolute exhaustion, or could not complete these tasks. Notwithstanding the technical requirements of these professions, the dissimilarity between the results indicated may be attributed to the difference between the general intelligence factors of each subject. In disagreement with portions of this week’s article, as provided by (Macionis, 2010, pp. 266-267), People living prosperously are not necessarily smarter than those who are less fortunate. While it is true that wealthy people have better educational opportunities, as opposed to their counterparts, many gifted individuals have come from meager beginnings. Such examples clearly bring questions to widely asserted... ... middle of paper ... ...ce is tenuous at best. A person who is intelligent can also be uneducated. Similarly, the opposite can also be true; therefore, it is my ultimate position that wealthy people are not necessarily smarter than poor people. In regards to rationalizing inequality, additional testing of human intelligence should in no way encourage the practice of such treachery; but, there are many other honorable uses to continue the search for answers within this field. Since many unfavorable issues exist within social classes, we should proceed responsibly by considering the ramifications of these findings. Works Cited Goertzel, B., & Pennachin, C. (2007). In Artificial General Intelligence. Heidelburg, New York: Springer Berlin. Retrieved on July 31, 2010 from Google books Database. Macionis, J. (2010). Sociology (13th Edition ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.
I think people who didn’t get much schooling didn’t mean they are not intelligence. Intelligence can’t use to measure a person schooling. In the old generation, parents don’t have much money to support all their child’s go to college because of the tuition fee and they had a lot things need to support. For example, my parents didn’t go to school, doesn’t mean they are not intelligence or not smart, their family can’t give them that much tuition fee and not much money to let them go to college, however now they still have a job to work on and keeping it. However people don’t go to college doesn’t mean they can’t get a job or can’t survive. So I agree with the author, intelligence can’t use to measure a person schooling. Also I believe that can’t go to college doesn’t mean you can’t get success in other way. The god is fair for you close a door at the same time will open another door for you but you need to be confident.
Is it better to be book smart or street smart? Is it better to be happy and stable or unhappy and ‘rich’? Blue-collar jobs require you to learn skills that college cannot teach you; Rose points this out in his essay, stating: “It was like schooling, where you’re constantly learning” (277). In the essay “Blue Collar Brilliance” written by Mike Rose, he talks about how his mother worked as a waitress and how his uncle Joe dropped out of high school, eventually got a job working on the assembly line for General Motors and was then moved up to supervisor of the paint and body section. Rose suggests that intelligence is not represented by the amount of schooling someone has or the type of job they work. In this essay I will be explaining why Rose
Isaacson and Dweck begin and would agree with a similar base that intelligence, to a `certain point, is innate upon those who society sees as intelligent. Isaacson proves his viewpoint by exploring the mind of Steve Jobs, someone that most would consider to be the pinnacle of intelligence, and stating that “His imaginative leaps were instinctive, unexpected, and at times magical. They were sparked by intuition, not analytic rigor” (Isaacson 3). By emphasizing
The Bell Curve is a book originally published in 1994. It was written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray to explain the variations of intelligence in American Society. They accomplished this by using statistical analysis, for the purpose of raising warnings regarding the consequences of the intelligence gap. This was also made to propose a national social policy with the goal of mitigating bad consequences that have been attributed to this intelligence gap. Much of the information is widely considered controversial. An example of this is the low African-American scores compared to whites and Asians, and genetic factors in intelligence abilities. The introduction of the book starts with a brief history of intelligence theory and recent developments in intelligence thought and testing. The author creates six assumptions that has to do with the validity of the “classical” cognitive testing techniques.
General intelligence tends to relate to various degrees with each other (Cohen 2012). An example of this is that if an individual is good in math, they may also be good in spelling. In this weeks reading we reviewed several different models of measurement of intelligence. In regard to these theories and general intelligence (g), the theories are various but have commonality and overlap. The Spearman's two-factor theory is if a test has high correlation with other test than the measurement of g is highly saturated (Cohen, 2012). The greater the importance of g on a test, the better the test is believed to predict intelligence
The author argues that certain decision leads to vast amount of untapped human potential and limits success to few who are selected unjustly. This example supports “Mathews Effect”. The Gladwell’s example of Bill Gates proves the “10,000 Hour Rule”, He explained that the timing and opportunity played a huge role to become an expert at computer programming. Bill Gates had access to computers decades before computers became mainstream. Such a timing helped him capture the opportunity to master the tool of trade and put him in the perfect position to start Microsoft. The Gladwell’s example of experiment by Lewis Terman, He argues about that a person’s IQ have a limited control over success. He claims that there is a minimal difference in the levels of success attained by those with IQs between 125 and 170. The author adds that IQ cannot efficiently measure person’s creativity. A person who has a high IQ does not mean that it has a high chance of winning a Nobel Prize because other kind of intelligence matter too. With the help of these facts, Gladwell proves that the relationship between IQ and success is
In Chapter 4, the authors focused on gufted learners as social capital. As I read the book, I realized that we look at these gifted learners as commodities and individuals who will “drive the economy and become a highly valued professional assets of the country.” The gifted learners at an early age do not realize that they are already branded as “social capitals.” At an early age, the society is already honing and preparing the gifted learners to become the future leaders in different fields. Whether they are aware or not, the society is already putting pressure to the gifted learners on what they can become and contribute to the common good later in life. Thus, the pressure to excel in everything that the gifted learners do is on. B...
In order to explain this idea, Gladwell introduce Chris Langan and Robert Oppenheimer, who were born with high IQ but have different achievements. I agree with Gladwell’s idea, “the relationship between success and IQ works only up to a point.”(79). Because Gladwell first uses Lewis Terman’s study to support his idea, “By the time Terman was finished, he had sorted through the records of some 250,000 elementary and high school students”. (74) This data has amount of numbers, which makes this result universal and reliable. However, nor were these Termites any Nobel Prize winners. Gladwell illustrates his idea that successful people are not only having high IQ by using Terman’s study successfully. In addition, Gladwell uses Liam Hudson’s discovery of basketball players to tell readers “A basketball player only has to be tall enough—and the same is true of intelligence.”(80) To my point of view, Gladwell’s idea is reliable is because he uses well-known scientists’ studies and a lot of data to support his ideas. The example of the relationship between basketball players and height is easy to make readers understandable. However, from the other factor of being successful, Gladwell only uses Chris Langan and Robert Oppenheimer to support his idea. In my opinion, these two people are minority and extreme example. What is still lacking here is a grasp of universality. Not all the smart people from rich family will have a good achievement. They were less common in being successful. Gladwell’s claim lacks credibility because in my research, they are a lot of successful people are from poor
The bioecological model of intelligence, introduced by Stephen Ceci, concentrates on the potential abilities, environmental influence and internal motivation. To perform well in an intelligent test a person must have the necessary abilities, be in a positive environment and be motivated (Comer et al.,
Willingham, Daniel T. "Why Does Family Wealth Affect Learning?" Ask the Cognitive Scientist: (2012): 1-7. Web. .
Is this true? (Well, no -- but more on this below.) It does seems obvious that intelligence is important to succeed in life, but it also seems obvious that social factors play a large, if not larger, role. For example, the crushing economic disparity between North and South Korea has nothing to do with IQ differences, and everything to do with different social and economic policies. Even on a personal level, intelligence is only one of countless factors that contribute to success. Others include: Access to education Training opportunities Personality type Physical attractiveness Athletic ability Inheritance Nepotism Prejudice Social and business connections Knowing someone who is successful Lobbying Congress Business cycle trends Fads Inventions Discoveries Wars Speculation Gambling Miserliness Insider trading Unfair market practices And, last but not least, dumb luck -- being at the right place at the right time
In this world, there are many different individuals who are not only different in demographics but also different neurologically. Due to an immense amount of people it is important to first understand each individual, in order, to better understand them and to help them when it comes to certain areas such as education, the work force, and etc…. For this reason psychologists have aimed to further understand individuals through the use of psychological assessments. This paper aims to examine a particular assessment tool, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (Fifth Edition), which measures both intelligence and cognitive abilities (Roid, 2003). This assessment is usually administered by psychologists and the scores are most often used to determine placement in academics and services allotted to children and adolescents (despite their compatibility for adults) (Wilson & Gilmore, 2012). Furthermore before the investigation dives into the particulars of the test, such as its strengths and weakness’, it is best to first learn more about the intelligence scales general characteristics.
On the ‘nature’ side of the debate is the psychometric approach, considered to be the most dominant in the study of intelligence, which “inspired the most research and attracted the most attention” (Neisser et al. 1996, p. 77). It argues that there is one general (‘g’) factor which accounts for intelligence. In the 1880s, Francis Galton conducted many tests (measuring reaction times to cognitive tasks), (Boundless 2013), in order to scientifically measure intelligence. These tests were linked to the eugenic breeding programme, which aimed to eliminate biologically inferior people from society. Galton believed that as intelligence was inherited, social class or position were significant indicators of intelligence. If an individual was of high social standing, they would be more intelligent than those of a lower position. However he failed to show any consistency across the tests for this hypothesis, weakening his theory that social class correlated with intelligence. Nevertheless, his creation of the intelligence test led many to continue to develop...
Research reveals that the higher the social class, the higher the levels of educational achievement are likely to be. The children of parents in higher social classes are more likely to stay on in post compulsory education, more likely to achieve examination passes when at school, and more likely to gain university entrance. These features painted a true picture of British education in the twentieth century and can be argued to follow this trend today. However, whether there has been any reduction in the inequalities is more debatable, but some research suggests that these inequalities are as great as ever, despite the overall improvements within the education system. Many researchers argue that IQ tests are biased in favour of the middle class, since members of this group largely construct them.
The topic I chose to research and write about is the effect ones Socio-Economic statue has on their academic success. What makes this topic so particularly interesting and relevant is that there is a wide area where people fall on the social economic status spectrum and those on the lower end seem to perform not as well academic wise to their higher counterparts. In fact, a study conducted in the mid-1990's called" The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life '' by Richard J. Herrnstein, and Charles Murray concluded that there is a strong correlation been a higher social and economic status resulting in higher academic achievement status with the inverse being true as well. The reason why more concern should be addressed to this issue is that with such a large gap economic and social wise many potential great minds may never be