Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Exercise and heart disease prevention
Effects of exercise on memory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Exercise and heart disease prevention
Introduction The influence of exercise and its beneficial impact on cardiovascular health has been observed in multiple epidemiological and mechanistic studies (1). In addition to the cardiovascular health benefits of exercise, there has been a positive correlation with exercise and improvements in glucose regulation, weight control, and even clinical depression (1). The impact of exercise has helped promote the positive prognoses of several pathologies; more recently, exercise has even demonstrated beneficial influences associated with an increase in cognition and memory (1). Studies have been conducted to ascertain correlations between exercise and improvements in cognition. One such study compared the levels of physical activity and cognitive …show more content…
The purpose of FPI administration was specifically to study the changes in BDNF and CREB levels on the hippocampus, with cognitive performance improvements being observed via the Morris water maze (2). The cognition of the rodent models with FPI improved as the study progressed and the levels of BDNF and CREB also subsequently increased in rats that had a delay in exercise after the initial injury administered (2). The increase in both CREB and BDNF with improved cognitive performance shows the potential impact of BDNF on injured hippocampi after the administration of exercise …show more content…
The patients with Parkinson’s were given a high intensity exercise to measure the binding potential of 18F-fallypride, a measure of the amount of D2 receptors available (11). In addition, the turning performance of the patients was observed to measure changes in coordination. The induction of exercise with individuals with Parkinson’s showed enhanced performance in the turning task administered. Through examination of this task, the postural control of the exercise patient was seen to improve. Subsequently, there was also an increase the 18F-fallypride binding potential, hence, an increase expression of D2 dopamine receptors. A major characteristic of Parkinson’s disease is the loss of dopamine, causing an over activation of the indirect striatopallidal pathway via D2 (11). The over activation of this pathway results in the disproportionate activation of the direct striatopallidal pathway which results in hypokinesia (10). Exercise may induce more efficient dopamine signaling and, therefore, reduce the inappropriate activation of the indirect striatopallidal pathway, thereby ameliorating the effects of the imbalance (11). These studies show an improvement in motor control and behavior as well as physiological change associated with the increase in
Pate et al. (1995) stated that physical activity is needed for health promotion and disease prevention. They also stated that every adult should do at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise everyday if possible. Moderate intensity exercising includes activities such as brisk walking and cycling as stated by the Department of Health (2011). They also state that regular physical activity will improve a person’s mental health as it will increase self esteem and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Physical wellbeing is also enhanced by an increase in physical activity. The World Health Organisation (WHO) (2002) found that in developed countries 20% of heart disease and 10% of strokes are due to physical inactivity. Furthermore a lack of physical activity is found to cause 3% of all diseases.
In closing, the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system is vital for basic bodily functioning and processes. Injury, disease or abnormal structure of the brain will greatly affect one's behaviour, emotional regulation, mental processes and functioning. The brain will respond to any trauma, injury or abnormality to accommodate the dysfunction. During this response, the brain will physically change, the process called neuroplasticity, and attempt to "rewire" the brain to return to normal functioning. In the treatment of many cases as previously discussed, the aim was to reconnect neurons and the theory of neuroplasticity was the foundation behind it.
716). Characteristic features of Parkinson's disease include “motor impairment (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, gait dysfunction, and postural instability), cognitive impairment (frontal lobe executive dysfunction), and mood disorders” (p. 716). Normally, motor performance depends on the interaction between automatic (unconscious) and volitional (cognitive) control of movement, however those with Parkinson's disease, experience an “early and preferential loss of dopamine in the caudal regions of the basal ganglia (dorsal regions in rodents), which leads to diminished automatic and increased cognitive control of movements that include frontal lobe circuitry” (p. 716). Consequently, those with Parkinson’s disease must sustain a larger cognitive load to execute either motor or cognitive tasks, such as working memory. In the past decade, increasing evidence has accrued for the role of exercise in the improvement of motor performance, which may help both the cognitive and automatic control of movement. Thus, exercise interventions can help those with Parkinson’s disease incorporate goal-based motor skill training, which then helps in engaging circuitry important in motor learning. Individuals with Parkinson's disease become cognitively engaged with the practice and acquiring of movements and skills that were formerly automatic and unconscious. In addition, aerobic exercise is also observed as important for improvement of blood flow and assistance of neuroplasticity in the elderly, which may also play a role in the improvement of behavioral function in those with Parkinson's disease. Petzinger et al. additionally states that exercise also uses goal-based training and aerobic activity which can improve “both cognitive and automatic
Traumatic brain injury is a serious injury that can happen to anyone at anytime. It could happen in sports, car crashes, fights and everywhere in everyday life. It is very serious and has long lasting effects. It is important to realize and recognize the symptoms of TBI, so the brain can heal and function properly. Concussions are a very common form of TBI, and are heard about mostly in sports, like football and soccer. To help reduce the impact of hits that could cause a concussion, there are companies that make special padding to wear around the head, or under the helmet, in sports. However concussions and other forms of TBI are not preventable at all and can be fatal.
My objective in the long term is to provide therapeutic and counseling services that assist persons suffering with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) in coping and recovering from the mental illnesses that often accompany such tragedies. TBI/ABI has shown a proven link with “anxiety, depression, personality changes, aggression (National Alliance on Mental Illness Veterans Resource Center May 8, 2009 Traumatic Brain Injury)”, as well as many other issues. As the caregiver for a survivor of a rare and deadly strain of encephalitis, I have a personal perspective that I feel brings much to the discussion. I see the information I am currently gathering at Empire State College as the building blocks that pave the way to a thrilling career in a growing segment of the mental health industry. The CDC claims that approximately 1.4 million Americans suffer TBIs annually (Centers for Disease Control Injury Center May 30, 2007 Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths) and it has been called the “signature injury” of the current wars in Iraq & Afghanistan by the National Alliance on Mental Illness. As such, it is my belief that we need to focus time and energy on developing new programs to help these patients to cope with the new limitations and encourage rehabilitation and restoration.
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke the etiology of mild traumatic brain injury are as follows; a. Falls. When individuals fall from the bed, staircase, and ladder or in the bathroom it may cause mild brain injury, especially in adults and young children. b Violence such as gunshot wounds, domestic violence, and other assault can cause mild traumatic brain injury. In addition, shaken baby syndrome is a traumatic brain injury in babies caused by violent shaking.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex brain injury that is produced by a sudden damage to the brain, resulting in a wide range of symptoms and infirmities. There are multiple different causes of TBIs, but damage to the brain comes in two forms: primary brain damage and secondary brain damage. Primary brain injury occurs at the time of impact. Secondary brain injury is the type of damage that progresses over time after the initial insult, leading to seizures, brain swelling and the like. This subsequent deterioration of the brain and its cellular processes is not the result of mechanical damage; instead, it signifies the successive pathological developments initiated with the primary injury. Secondary insult may be a potential focus
Traumatic Brain Injury, otherwise known as TBI, is caused by an external force such as a blow to the head that causes the brain to move inside the skull or damages the skull, which in turn damages the brain. It is a leading cause of death in the United States and nearly one-third of all injury-related deaths in the US are diagnosed as TBI (CDC-Quick stats, 2010). A human can experience traumatic brain injury any time after birth but according to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 1.7 million people in the United States sustain a TBI per year. Children up to four years-old, teens aged 15-19 years-old, and adults aged 65 and older, are most likely to sustain a traumatic brain injury. Also, males in every age group experience
Physical exercise has been proven to help rebuild brain cells and activate proper and healthy cognitive functioning in adults. This relates to cognition in psychology because the studies show that there is a physical change in brain capacity, memory and cell growth from regular and efficient exercise. One of the more important aspects of the paper that I will focus on is the effect that exercise has on attention in children which helps regulate cognitive functioning and promotes further development and learning. These articles go over neuroscience that backs up the fact that exercise is crucial for brain development of children and teens, and the importance of renewing and growing healthy brain cells that also effect cognitive functioning.
Traumatic brain injury is major neurodisorder mainly caused by road accidents, sports related events or any violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of acamprosate in traumatic brain injury. High impact trauma device used to induce head injury in Drosophila melanogaster. Behavioral and biochemical parameters were studied to evaluate the pharmacological potential of acamprosate in head injury. Acamprosate was found to be effective in decreasing mortality due to injury, at three concentrations 20, 100 and 200 μg/ml. Our results suggest that acamprosate show antioxidant activity as it decreases the level of MDA and NO and increase
Traumatic brain injuries or TBIs can be occurred in many circumstances. It usually caused by outside force caused damages to your brain. Traumatic brain injuries mainly occur playing sports or accidents (motorcycle or car). Estimates about half of TBIs are caused by motorcycle crashes. According to an article "Consequences of a Head Injury from a Motorcycle Accident" by Law Office of Julie Johnson, Motorcyclist have four time high risks of severe injuries than other factors. The reason is because motorcycle have less protections comparing to cars. TBIs can cause loss of basic functions and severe brain damages. It is important for motorcyclists to wear helmet and any necessary protections.
Everyone knows exercise is good for your body. However, it comes as a surprise to people that not only is exercise good for your physical health, it can be quite beneficial to your brain. In fact, working out can even help to treat brain disorders. The article “Exercise Builds Brawn- and Brain” by Esther Landhuis is about the study of doing twenty minute leg exercises which results in better short term memory. The second article, “Strong Body Helps the Mind” by Stephen Ornes is about a study on mice, which shows that longer, harder workouts produce PGC-1 alpha 1, a chemical that fights depression. Doing twenty minute leg exercises can increase short term memory; however, doing longer, more rigorous workouts is more effective and better for
Exercise is surprisingly good for mental performance. Pursuits like Sudoku or crossword puzzles can help to keep the human brain dynamic, but little comes near the beneficial ramifications of exercise on the mind. Exercise benefits brain functions as diverse as multitasking and creative imagination and can assist in preventing memory reduction, cognitive drop, and dementia. Exercise could even help decrease the development of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Playing a variety of mind games can help in stimulating your brain power. In a study at University of Alabama, a group of nearly 3,000 men and women participated in 10 65-70 minute sessions of brain exercises. Results have been staggering. They sharpened their mental abilities making their performance same to those younger than them by 10 years. With regular brain workout, you’ll be able to process and remember information. Brain exercises challenge you to use and develop new brain pathways keeping your mind sharp and active. Activities such as ping-pong, knitting, juggling and playing instruments are great mind activity since it challenges your creativity, hand-eye coordination, and spatial-temporal reasoning. Crossword puzzles, sudoku, mahjong, and computer games are also engaging exercises for the brain.
One of the best ways in how people can improve their overall mood, keep their bones healthy and even live longer, is by being an active person. Fred DeVito stated that “if it doesn’t challenge you, it doesn 't change you”; however most people just want exercise just to have a fit body and be healthier without knowing great results. Other effects that exercise has into the body are normalization of glucose, insulin and leptin levels. In other words not only will it make the appearance in a person’s life to look great, but their entire body will have an extraordinary response. In order to have a more fulfilling and enjoyable life, those who are out of shape should participate in regular fitness schedule reginert.