Unraveling Challenges and Errors in Translation Process

In the present era of globalization, translation plays a major role in conveying messages from one language to another. However, translation is not an easy task as we can witness many cases of wrong translations. In the process of translation, either from Indonesian to any foreign languages or from any foreign languages to Indonesian, translators cannot ignore the errors which can happen during the translation. These errors often happen and must be overcome by translators. Translation is similar with communication in a way that we transfer information from the sender to the receiver in written texts. In this process there are at least two factors involved, one is the sender or the one who wants to send the message to someone else, second is

First, the translators lack the appropriate background knowledge to interpret the original text. For example, the word Count before a name is known as a title, not a verb. Second, they have not developed enough linguistic awareness to account for problems in translation. A linguistic awareness is the sense that a translator feels there is something wrong with a text, and thus he/she revises the text to discover what has gone wrong with it. Linguistic awareness can be developed through extensive reading and writing. Therefore, it is recommended that Thai translators should be trained extensively in both reading and writing English texts. . (Nitaya ,2009)

• Errors in translating expressive meaning

Another aspect of lexical meaning is expressive meaning. Baker (1992) defines expressive meaning as a word that cannot be evaluated as true or false because the word in question has to do with the speaker's feeling and experience (p.13). For example, the word dog in English has a good connotation because dogs in the English-speaking context are considered humans' loyal friends. In contrast, in Thai, the word dog is considered derogatory because they always fight among themselves and scavenge for food. . (Nitaya ,2009)

Therefore, expressive meaning can pose many problems for translators, especially fledgling ones. In the following discussion, errors in this respect are further classified into wrong translation of idiomatic expressions

Technical texts are expected to flow with terminology and the analyzed texts are no exception to the rule. Accordingly, there is an important link between the text type and Anthony Pym’s (2009) Concept of natural and directional equivalence for he says about the former one: “They [the natural equivalents] are most frequently the stuff of terminology, or artificially standardised words that are made to correspond to each other exactly,” and “[the specialized fields of knowledge] are unnaturally creating ‘natural’ equivalents all the time” (p. 90). Anthony Pym suggests the existence of a certain dichotomy in equivalence – he distinguishes between a natural and a directional equivalent. The definition of the former one will be presented first, since the connection with the analysed texts has just been shown. To mark an equivalent as a natural one, it must not be affected by directionality (Pym, 2010, p. 7).

2. Levels & Types of errors

In this part, we recognize three levels of language: the levels of substance, text and discourse. If the learner was operating the phonological or the graphological substance systems, that is spelling or pronouncing, we say he or she has produced an encoding or decoding error. If he or she was operating the lexico-grammatical systems of the TL to produce or process text, we refer to any errors on this level