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Explain forms of tourism
Definitions of tourism and their authors
Globalization and sport
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Tourism and Sports are interrelated and it acts as a mechanism for urban regeneration for quite a longer period of time. Although there are various authors who have defined tourism in several ways but WTO’s definition of tourism is the most used definition: “Tourism is a set of activities which involves person(s) travelling to and staying in a place outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes” (Williams, 2009). Sports industry is growing rapidly and therefore many cities are now organizing sports events to attract tourists all around the globe. There are thousands of cities in the world that are known for hosting several sports events but Manchester City is one of the most …show more content…
It’s a major one- time or recurring events of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance the awareness, appeal and profitability of the host location (Ritchie, 1984). Sports events are organized mainly to attract tourists by providing cost friendly facilities to them. Sports destinations range from sports purpose-built resorts, where all the functions are focused on the dominant activity, to capital cities and entire country (Law, 1995). Sports event in a hosting city should be presented in a way that can attract various types of visitors to attend a particular sports event in that city. Every destination has a unique mix of characteristics, which are determined by its geographical location, culture and history (Getz, 1997). The major sport events are mechanism for urban regeneration because they create opportunities for host cities to present a new and exciting image of itself to the world (Harvey, 1989). The strong growth of the sports event industry is part of a general economic change. Whereas the economy tends to be more product base, it is increasingly becoming service based. This is the reason why governments increasingly use events as economic development strategies. The government plays a key and leading role in events. Increasingly, governments use events strategy to plan the use of resources and to improve and measure the outcomes of programmes and service (Bowdin, McDonnell and …show more content…
Manchester is now known as a base for football clubs as two main football clubs belongs to this city which is Manchester United Football Club and Manchester City Football Club. Both clubs have their own museum which is also a great attraction for tourists to visit Manchester as it allows them to view all their past trophies and achievements in the
Sporting is one of the universal activities that brings people from different backgrounds together and is viewed as an income generating activity that creates revenue for the participants as well as the location where the activities are held. The NCAA Final Four Basketball Tournament is one of the most anticipated sporting events in the US that attracts a high number of fans in the cities where it is held. Before the Final Four is held in given location, it is imperative for the organizers to have a detailed understanding of the venue so that they can introduce marketing strategies that are in line with the demands of the fans (Snipes & Ingram, 2007). The host committee is charged with the responsibility to come introduce an exhilarating experience for the locals and visitors. Owing to the interest generated
Abstract: The Stadium construction boom continues, and taxpayers are being forced to pay for new high tech stadiums they don’t want. These new stadiums create only part-time jobs. Stadiums bring money in exclusively for professional leagues and not the communities. The teams are turning public money into private profit. Professional leagues are becoming extremely wealthy at the taxpayers expense. The publicly-funded stadium obsession must be put to a stop before athletes and coaches become even greedier. New stadiums being built hurt public schools, and send a message to children that leisure activities are more important than basic education. Public money needs to be used to for more important services that would benefit the local economy. Stadiums do not help the economy or save struggling towns. There are no net benefits from single purpose stadiums, and therefore the stadium obsessions must be put to a stop.
The Olympic Games are held every four years with the main intent to “promote people’s physical and psychological level, likewise to promote different country’s people, have more communication and to help maintaining world peace” (official website of Olympic movement). However, there are many risks in hosting the Olympic Games, for example the effects of an economic downturn after the closure of a host country’s
The Current Scale and the Economic Importance of the Sports Industry Over 100 years ago the scale of the sports industry has increased gradually. Not all sports have followed in the same path or footsteps. A slow increasing level of control has been affecting the sports industry since 1960Â’s. Mainly standardisation and commodification of sport. More money has been put into the industry equivalent with the efforts that the sports organisations have put in, to increase their potential at the professional end of the scale, and the voluntary end they remain sustainable.
Over the time, athletes have become celebrities. You can find their posters hung on walls of millions of children’s rooms, their advertisements all around the television channels, and their pictures everywhere on billboards around the cities. In other words, they have become a sort of investment for their teams and sponsors as well as the mass media. That is why; many cities have decided to make use of that cash cow. They realized the popularity of those athletes is getting bigger, and they knew that any city that hosts a bunch of those celebrities would attract thousands of fans to watch, meet and cheer for them; something, which would turn a city into a tourist hub with thousands of people going in and out, generating millions in revenues for loc...
With over two hundred countries participating, the Olympic Games is easily considered as one of the largest multisport event known to history. The Olympics are held at a different country, and even more rarely at the same city. For a country to be chosen to host the Olympics, the country’s National Olympic Committee (the country’s representatives for the Olympics) nominates a city (from the country they represent) that they think has potential in hosting the Olympics nine years prior to when they wish to host the Olympics. It is a two year process that consists of: Application Phase, Candidate Phase and the Election of the Host City. The country that wins the election is given seven years to prepare for the Olympics. (International Olympic Committee, n.d., p. xx-xx) The hosting country expends billions of dollars, usually money they don’t have, preparing for the Olympics. Then the question is raised 'why would a country go through so much trouble and spend an outrageous amount of money to host this event?' Throughout this discussion paper it will address all the pros and cons for a country to host the Olympics. It will also see if a smaller sports event can produce the same benefits the Olympic offers with less cost and risk.
From 2001 2002 there was a 23% increase in the construction of sports stadiums and arenas with costs of those facilities upwards of $7.8 billion. The growing global sport industry requires that sport facility and event management keep current of new and proven management techniques. Sport Facility Management: Organizing Events and Mitigating Risks by Ammon, Jr., Southall, and Blair, provides readers with a basic introduction to elements of facility management for the full range of sporting and entertainment events. There is a high demand for individuals who are educated and trained in facility management, event organization, and risk management and since the September 11 attacks there has been a great emphasis placed on facility and risk management. Each chapter provides theoretical foundations and practical applications for each critical phase of facility management. The authors provided photographs, case studies, and industry examples to assist the reader in gaining an overall basic, picture of the sporting event and entertainment industry today. The book provides in-depth discussions about positive advances that have made the entire experience easier and more comfortable for fans; and about the negative economic and cultural consequences for sport events after September 11 2001.
Another big change that Olympics brought to Beijing was the rapid increasing amount of tourists. According to Chen Jian, resident of the Beijing Olympic Economic Research Association, 2.5 millions domestic tourists and about 600 thousands of foreign visitors would visit Beijing during the Olympic games, with the total tourism expenditure about $4.9 billon. (Lee, 2008) Admittedly, since Beijing had been advanced the traveling environment and infrastructure constructions, it would attract more people to come and
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
Firstly, being the host of a major sporting event such as the Olympics could actually benefit the hosting countries’ economic and cultural benefits of the Olympics. The Olympics have a very wide reach in this modern day with. This is a plus especially with the existence of today’s social media and the Internet. In the economic side, it could actually be a very powerful marketing and publishing tool for the host country. With all the present technology that is available nowadays, it actually is a good way to promote a certain country to the world. This eventually increase the economic level of the country that is hosting it, as they will receive visitors from all over the world and they will eventually spend their money to the host countries, thus improving their economics. Winbey (2014) states that the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics are somet...
home, the amount used can run up to 440 liters a day. This is almost
After researching the impacts events have on regional development I have come to agree with the statement ‘The events industry is an effective and appropriate vehicle for facilitation of regional development’. The significance of this thesis is to critically discuss and demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the events industry and regional development while also providing an understanding of the history of events and the increasing significance of the event industry in contemporary society. Real life examples from around the world are used to recognize and justify the event industry as part of the tourism sector and explore specific implications to event management. Various sectors of the events industry are identified and discussed to support the theoretical discussion on how the events industry is an effective and appropriate vehicle for facilitation of regional development.
The Olympics is a mega sport event which is presented once every four years and it has become a golden opportunity for hosts to emerge as a strong country. Hosting the Olympics is a big thing for every country and they receive worldwide attention from the preparation period until the actual event. However, hosting the Olympics comes with heavy stakes and experts tend to argue about the appropriateness for the countries to host it. There may be people who oppose with hosting the Olympics, however, the country rebranding, the economy hike and also the pride and patriotism of citizens just demonstrate the need of hosting the Olympics for the development of the country.
Olympic Dreams: The Impact of Mega-events on Local Politics by Matthew J. Burbank, investigates local politics surrounding Mega-events and their impact on politics on American cities particularly three U.S. cities - Los Angeles (1984), Atlanta (1996), and Salt Lake City (2002). The first three chapters the author focuses on Mega-events in general and their benefit to cities and the influence of politics and economic growth behind it all. Then the authors breaks it down into three case studies and investigate in-depth each Olympics that took place in the following US cities. One of the big questions is, what drives cities to large scale events such as the Olympics and what are the benefits. Considering the influence of politics, economics and image and there connection to urban politics as a whole. The authors also explain the importance of the coalition of public and private elites, and how the opinions of citizens are over shadowed profoundly known as “Urban Regime”. Looking beyond the benefits and losses it also looks at how it affect local governance and social conditions in the particular city.
Many investments for infrastructure construction in the destination primarily designed for the business tourists (hotels, restaurants, transportation…) provide economic profits, and they can also be enjoyed by local residents and leisure tourists.