Titanium Research Paper

TITANIUM

DISCOVERY : Titanium was first discovered in black sand known as “ILMENITE” , a mixture of titanium oxides and iron oxides by “ WILLIAM GREGOR”, the pastor of mannacan of parish in the year 1791 at England, and named his new metal as “MANACCANITE”, after his discovery a German chemist “MARTIN KLAPROTH” named it as “TITANIUM” after the TITANS, greek’s mythological beings of the earth and the name was preferred by other chemists but they believed Gregor as the original discoverer.Till 1910 pure titanium is not isolated and it was done by “ Mathew Hunter” after 119 years of its discovery.

Titanium was placed in 4B Group in d-block elements in periodic table and it has many applications.

Isotopes: Till now 26 isotopes are

known ranging from Ti-38 to Ti-63 and among them there are five stable alloys with atomic masses from 46-50 among them Ti-48 is most abundant in earth with 73.8 percent of all natural titanium. Titanium stands in
9th place in most abundant elements I earth’s crust. Ti is present in human body, coal ash, plants, sun, meteorites etc... Rocks from Apollo 17 mission to the moon contains 12.02 percent of titanium dioxide.
Atomic number: 22
Atomic weight: 47.28 a.m.u
Electronic configuration: [Ar] 4s^2 3d^2
Symbol: Ti
Melting point: 1933 K
Boiling point: 3560 K
Appearance: dark-grey shiny metal
Oxidation states: 4, 3
Atomic radius: 147 ppm
Atomic volume: 10.66 cc/mol
Specific heat: 0,523 J/gm- mol at 293 K
Covalent radius: 132 pm
Fushion heat: 18.8 kg/mol
Density: 4.54 gm/cc
PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM:
Titanium is equally strong as steel but the main thing it is less dense, very light and very strong.

As we mention earlier titanium is 9th most abundant metal in earth’s crust and it is more available in the regions of south Africa and it is available as TiO2(titanium di oxide).

But the main problem is extraction of titanium from titanium di oxide. Because titanium atoms bound strongly to oxygen and it is difficult to get the metal. Although it is very difficult to extract people want it because of its own properties which are as follows

Titanium is having low specific gravity

Titanium is having high specific strength

Titanium is having high corrosive resistance and it is “nonmagnetic in nature” .since it is nonmagnetic in nature if we want to do experiments in high magnetic field we can’t use steel because steel apparatus will be pulled away by the magnetic field so we can use titanium apparatus in experiments dealing with high magnetic field.

The important thing in titanium is not only light but also very strong so it can be used for making vehicles which will consume less fuel and we can expect the vehicle of low cost and it is “fuel efficiency” matters

here.
Titanium does not reacts with water with this we can make miracles with this metal and it is non-toxic in nature and it is a “bio compatible material”
Because it is non-toxic it can be used in “artificial hip implantation” in human body as it is light so we can easily move your leg.
Titanium acts as a “catalyst” while making polythene, material which is used to made plastic buckets and another plastic materials.
Titanium is better catalyst than aluminium because with 1 gm of titanium as a catalyst we can get some tons of plastic.

Here in adjacent photos we can observe the “Titanium’s artificial hip implantation”

Here this is “Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird made up of titanium