The biblical story of Cain and Abel has been written in more than one way. The King James version of the Bible states that when God speaks to Cain after he had murdered his brother Abel, God said, "Thou shalt" overcome sin. In the standard American version of the Bible, God says "Do thou" which means Cain will certainly overcome sin. The Hebrew word 'timshel' means 'thou mayest' which is arguably the most important two words in John Steinbeck's novel East of Eden. These two words change the meaning of what God said completely. 'Thou mayest' gives a person the gift of free will. It is not a promise or an order that people will overcome sin, timshel means that people are responsible for their own actions and decisions. It is the thoughts and actions of a person that determine how God will judge them, not fate or destiny. Three characters that portray the meaning of timshel are: Adam Trask, Cathy/Kate and Cal Trask. East of Eden supports the meaning for the Hebrew word 'timshel' through the actions of the diverse characters by giving them all the freedom of choice to decide between good and evil.
One of the characters in East of Eden who's actions support timshel is Adam Trask. Adam is a representation of good in the novel. He is the Abel of the modern day biblical story of Cain and Abel and his brother Charles represents Cain. Adam has just had a fight with his stronger and angrier brother Charles. Charles beats Adam to a bloody pulp, enraged that their father Cyrus, loves Adam more than him. Adam hides when Charles comes back with a hatchet and the intention of killing his brother. When Adam drags himself home, at the sight of Adam all bloody and hurt Cyrus is fuming: "You'll have to tell me. I'll make you tell me! Go...
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...not to be good or evil. Steinbeck has given Cal the most flexibility and therefore made him the most authentic character.
In conclusion, East of Eden supports the meaning of timshel through the actions of it’s diverse characters by allowing them the freedom of choice. Adam portrays the meaning of timshel when he saves his son Cal from thinking he is evil and not being able to live life. Cathy exercises the meaning of timshel when she misuses her freedom of choice and makes all the wrong decisions, ultimately bringing about her own end. Cal defines the meaning of timshel because he is the living example of thou mayest overcome sin. He struggles to overcome sin and experiences both successes and failures. With his father’s blessing, Cal knows it is possible to overcome sin but he must use his power to choose to make the right choices because thou mayest.
Steinbeck shows Cals isolation from love, and its violent repercussions again when Cal reacts to his brothers lack of compassion for him with violence and destruction. In the scene when Cal is spying on his brother Aaron and his brothers girlfriend, he is outraged by the things his brother has to say and he decides to throw large blocks of his fathers ice out of the barn. This sole action shows how childlike Cal has remained due to his isolation from his families love. His unassuming father only says "that boy is out of control" not even acknowledging that there is a greater problem at hand, and even less does he understand the fact that it is partly his fault. Steinbecks theme of isolation form love is greatly illustrated because his father does not even take to scolding Cal, which shows no feelings what so ever.
Adam and Eve ignored the rule of the gods, defying their power, and decide to claim that power as their own. The Takers believe that was the start of the ascent above the gods. Ishmael helps the Narrator understand that the Taker culture interpreted the story of Adam and Eve as an ascent unlike the Leavers and the gods that see this as a fall from grace. To accomplish this lesson, Ishmael uses the allusion of the biblical version of the “fall” of Adam and Eve for the Narrator to fully grasp the story in a different light than the allusion the Takers live in. Takers had eaten off the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, which was forbidden from them because no human should have more power than the gods. The Takers believed they needed knowledge of the gods because they felt they were above them. When in reality, the Leavers knew such knowledge couldn’t belong to any life on Earth other than the gods. Ishmael declared “It 's something like this; man was innocent until he discovered the difference between good and evil. When he was no longer innocent of that knowledge he became a fallen creature” (183), which describes the Leavers view of Takers’ culture. Takers fail to see the destruction they are causing the world. They believe the world was made for them and they can do whatever they please, no matter who it
...ances in a person's life, is salvageable to anybody through the idea of free will. Steinbeck advocates the notion of free will throughout the novel, especially via the character Lee as he relates it to the story of Cain and Abel in the bible. Free will is a natural law given to all humans, which allows them to choose to do whatever they want to do, offering the ultimate possibility to anybody to attempt to change the course of their life and be who they want to be. Though Cal has difficulties involved in his relationships with his father, mother and as a result the relationship he develops with his brother, Timshel is there to offer hope to Cal in modern-man's-salvation kind of way. The novel and the idea of Timshel ultimately offers that the loss of self-knowledge and self-identity experiences as a result of ones life-situation is always under their own control.
Cathy Ames makes choices based on how much it benefits her, and if it ensures that she will prosper from the choice, even if that means destroying everyone else in the process. It appears “that Cathy… was born with tendencies, or lack of them, which drove her and forced her all of her life” (Steinbeck 72). Most humans have natural instincts that allow them to function in a civil society together. Cathy is different, however, and distinct since birth. She plans and decides things unlike how the rest of society does. A chance encounter between the gray James Grew and Cathy leads to one of Cathy’s first evil actions. Nothing happens until Cathy meets him and “[f]or a time it was noticed that a flame leaped in James Grew… and then the flame went out” (Steinbeck 79).
East of Eden was a novel that explored the roots of evil in its most primal form. Through intricate plot lines and complex characters, John Steinbeck weaved a tale of brutality, cruelty, and isolation. One important character that helped to illustrate the presence of evil throughout the book was Cathy Ames, an intelligent woman who ruthlessly used other people to serve her own needs. When reflecting upon East of Eden, a debate that often surfaces is whether Cathy's evil was a result of nature or nurture. Arguments for and against both sides are in the book. At some times, Cathy is portrayed as a wicked fiend who's aggression stems from nowhere but her own empty heart. Other times, Cathy appears weak and afraid of people who aren't the least bit intimidating. Those are the moments in the book where one must question whether Cathy is truly evil, or just an impatient and self-centered individual.
...sin, while the second commands him to do so. The inconsistency results in Lee studying the original Hebrew text with his philosophical Chinese elders and a Rabbi. Together they find that the original Hebrew text uses the word timshel : thou mayest rule over sin. This verb emphasizes that a person has the power of free will, putting into his own hands the ultimate decision of whether he will do of good or evil deeds.
Adam was the first man that God created and was created to be the image of God himself. God planted the beautiful Garden of Eden in which there was no sin and the trees were filled with delicious fruits, everything a person would need to eat. In the middle of the garden was the “Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.” One day, a serpent came into the garden and convinced Eve to eat an apple from the forbidden Tree of Knowledge. The fruit did not make Adam and Eve any better than they already were. Instead, the jealousy, the desire to eat what was forbidden—and then the physical eating of the fruit that was forbidden—allowed sin to enter humanity. God punished Adam and Eve, and all their descendants, by making their lives hard. Likewise, in the novel, peace and innocence left the Devon school and Gene and Finny's friendship, and after the winter session, discipline and hard work began. Eve eating the apple can be paralleled to Gene jostling the limb of the tree while Phineas was standing on the edge of it for in that second, both of their lives ch...
Steinbeck portrays the significance of timshel through the introduction of free will, which plays an important role in the theme of Cain and Abel and provides the interpretation of Steinbeck. Timshel is brought in by Lee who is the servant of the Trask family and discussed by both Samuel Hamilton, and Adam Trask. In chapter 24 Lee discusses the idea of timshel by showing the different interpretations of it through various translations, in the Hebrew translation it says “thou mayest rule over sin” which gives man a choice to fight through their sin and overcome it (302). Thus, “the translation of timshel into “thou mayest” enables the release of the energy in every human being “(Schultz). Timshel helps us not only understand the choices of human beings, but it shows that “Steinbeck constructs his fiction around the theory that timshel should be translated to thou mayest…he tells us about his own philosophy from the use of the Bible” (Warren). Steinbeck uses timshel as a way to let out his own philosophy about humans from using the Bible. This introduction of timshel through Lee becomes a very important part of the story as well as a theme; by this Steinbeck conveys his ideas and thoughts on a man’s destiny. Timshel then becomes a big part of the story which alters the plot of the Cain and Abel story by offering free will. Steinbeck interprets timshel as one of the most important things in the story an...
The struggle of sibling rivalry over ability and temperament has taken East of Eden in a whole new perspective. Steinbeck’s portrait on sibling rivalry shows the good vs. evil of each character in the story. The nature of good vs. evil as natural selection is also seen in siblings, as a compete for something physical, mental, or something emotional. The sibling rivalry from the biblical characters embraced Steinbeck’s characters throughout every concept in the novel, the good vs. evil confines the characters personality in every idea of Steinbeck’s novel. From the biblical story of Cain and Abel to Adam and Charles to Cal and Aaron the story continues through out every generation.
Moses was a large man who could argue his way out of anything, his reputation for argumentation was known throughout the entire area. He held very strongly to his views and would not budge for anything, except perhaps his mother Goody Cooper. Because of Moses’ gift of gab he was a member of the Lexington Committee. On the night of Moses’ committee meeting Adam asked if he could go with to the meetinghouse with his father. Moses told him that the day he started acting and thinking like a man then Adam could go. So instead of going to the meeting with his father Adam met his cousin Ruth Simmons. Ruth also happened to be Adam’s best friend and love interest, and since they were just “second-cousins, once removed” that made it alright for him to have feeling her. They talked and argued and ended up kissing. It was Adam’s first kiss and the first time he felt like a man.
The clash between good and evil has been a prominent theme in literature. The Bible presents the conflict between good and evil in the story of Adam and Eve. Many authors use the scene in the Bible in which the snake taunts and tempts Adam and Eve to take a bite of the apple of knowledge to demonstrate the frailty of humankind. John Gardner provides these same biblical allusions of good and evil in his novel, Grendel.
Immediately after the fall of mankind and the expulsion from the garden, the human race begins populating God's creation. Cain is the first-born son of Adam and Eve. His actions in life from beginning to end exhibit one thing: a lack of reverence for God. In contrast to Cain's irreverence, Abel comes along and displays a greater sense of concern in pleasing God. Abel, who was righteous and zealous in pleasing God, became a "keeper of sheep" (cf. Gen 4:2). Cain, however, was a "tiller of the ground" (cf. Gen. 4:2).
Steinbeck uses the biblical story of Cain and Abel in East of Eden to show us that we do not have set fate. Steinbeck uses the Hebrew word “timshel”, which means “thou mayest”, to suggest that man has the ability to choose good or evil. “Timshel” affects the characters in East of Eden such as Cal and Aron and their choice of overcoming good or evil. Steinbeck sees this novel as his most important work, and he uses it as a way to state his personal ideas concerning mankind:“The free, exploring mind of the individual human is the most valuable thing in the world. And this I would fight for: the freedom of the mind to take any direction it wishes, undirected. And this I must fight against: any idea, religion, or government which limits or destroys the individual.”(Steinbeck,132). Steinbeck shows God has given humans free will and their ability to choose good or evil, if they so decide. He portrays the “C” characters to be connected to Cain, such as Charles and Cal and the “A” characters to be connected to Abel, such as Aron and Adam.
Every great writer creates powerful images and presents story lines that draw their readers deep into the pages of their books, however; any writer would be hard pressed to do so without incorporating their own feelings, trials and tribulations into the plots and John Steinbeck is no exception. Through his appreciation for adventure and willingness to indulge in it, Steinbeck found a myriad of fascinating people in addition to experiences that he was eager to share. Past various negative criticisms and frequent rejections of his work, he manages to provide relatable characters capable of deep connections to those who enter into the realms of his tales. John Steinbeck's early life experiences influenced his portrayals of women, his love of the land, and his intimate connection to the plight of lower social classes, themes which translate into his work.
SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on East of Eden.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2003. Web. 2 Jun. 2010. .