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Using the Normative Decision Model essay
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Thompson’s (1995) four hypothesis can be recalled as (1) bureaucratic efforts for their survival (2) conditionality of donor agencies (3) failure of blue print approach and (4) success of participatory approach adopted by other organisations.
The case study evolved reveals that the hypothesis of organisational change to adopt participatory approach to ensure bureaucracy’s survival is not applicable in GSDA case. The organisation is not facing any threats of cuts in the size of bureaucracy due to any financial crisis in Government. While the first hypothesis is not applicable, others are discussed in detail as they find relevance with the case study.
6.1. Conditionality of Donor Agency
The case study derives that the hypothesis of organisational change to adopt participatory approach out of donor agency’s agenda has significantly influenced GSDA to opt participatory approach. Though there is no direct pressure from the donor agency to adopt participatory approach in its working, the success of WB pilot projects in the State has greatly influenced GSDA and the policy makers to regularise this new approach. Subsequently, it acted as a driving force to involve local community in the process of planning, design, implementation and operation and maintenance of the projects. The projects proposed an Institutional Model through which the management of GW is attempted. This Institutional Model, in turn, was designed to get representation from all types of groups in the society including women. The training component of WB project helped change the mindset of GSDA staff towards new approaches and face the new challenges in GW management.
The services like social assessment, community mobilization, IEC awareness campaigning were...
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...SDA crops up the hidden issue that whether it could institutionalise the participatory approach. While working in GSDA, I found that though participatory approach is incorporated in various projects and schemes, its institutionalisation process is yet to start. It has to go long way in its policies and functioning to arrive at community oriented organisation in true sense.
Author advocates that GSDA should become a learning organisation and create confidence among the staff for carrying out relevant experiments. GSDA has collected enormous scientific data since its formation that should put to use by community. It should keep close contacts with NGOs, academicians and experts in the field of GW management. With the adaptation of community oriented approaches, it should change from mere technical organisation to the techno-sociological organisation in true spirit.
Modern Bureaucracy in the United States serves to administer, gather information, conduct investigations, regulate, and license. Once set up, a bureaucracy is inherently conservative. The reason the bureaucracy was initiated may not continue to exist as a need in the future. The need or reason may change with a change in the times and the culture needs. A bureaucracy tends to make decisions that protect it and further it’s own existence, possibly apart from the wishes of the populace. It may not consistently reflect what might be optimal in terms of the needs and wants of the people. Local governments employ most of the United States civil servants. The 14 cabinet departments in the U.S. are run day-to-day by career civil servants, which have a great deal of discretionary authority.
Change is an inevitable part of life involving individuals and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a significant organizational change. The analysis will explore the change, the reason behind the change, key players, the timeframe, the outcomes, leadership strategies, mistakes made by key players and suggestions to alleviate the mistakes.
There are numerous academic textbooks, articles and journals on managing organisational change but there is no one hard-and-fast or specific textbook answer. This report attempts to interpret, analyse and provide a critical review of some of the various organisational change approaches that were published from as early as the 1940s. A total of 10 theories from a combination of academic articles and textbooks were read.
The proposed paper is an extension of a term paper written towards incorporation in my final Master’s thesis. In the Creating a Research Space Model or CARS model (Swales, 1990) the project can currently be placed in the “Establishing a Niche” stage. The gist of this project lies in analyzing and developing framework for “transparent communication” between social enterprises and their partner organization to maximize impact of their project’s “civic calling”. The project will be a qualitative ethnographical enquiry for a short six-month project with a social enterprise to study all aspects of interaction with its partner organization. The aim of the project is to delve into the aspect of communication that social enterprise leaders emulate
In order to do so assure the true democratisation of the local level in decentralisation processes“…effective channels of political participation and representation must be developed that reinforce and support decentralized planning and administration, and that allow citizens, and especially the poor, to express their needs and demands and to press claims for national and local development resources.” (Beck, T. 1989 in Moser, C. 1995, p.166)
Organizational change is the use of a new idea or behavior of an organization. In other words, the workplace adopts a new rule, and it changes the atmosphere of the environment. Sometimes, change is not controlled by the workplace. Change can occur at any moment in the company. Implementing change is one of the most difficult things to do in the workplace from the manager 's point of view. Management must be able to accept and acknowledge the change that has occurred or that is bound to occur. Before employees are informed of the change, management, and managers must first accept the change and how they will implement it. They must first take a step back and look at how to inform the rest of the company of the change. Sometimes change
Technology helps them in communication, coordination and execution of roles and responsibilities amid many other functions. Thus, any organization change strategy needs to focus upon the three most important elements as structure, people and technology. Change in structure brings dilution of existing roles and responsibilities and new structure is established (corkindale, 2011). Strong organizational culture (Madu, 2007) thrives on core values which is acknowledged and respected by everyone in the organization. Core values are the guiding force for employees and they require minimum regulation to govern themselves.One such theory is proposed by Ansoff and McDonnell which says that organizations identify opportunities and threat in outside environment and change themselves to exploit the opportunities and counter the threats. It is the responsive behaviour of organization to change with the change in environment. Ralph Douglas Stacey has put organizational change in different manner and devised Stacey matrix (Zimmerman, 2007). It has identified different scenarios and approach of navigation that are faced by management and leadership in decision making
Like many organizations, over the last decade, external factors have accelerated the rate of organizational change. “The workplace is characterized by the frequent organizational change that accompanies business growth, innovation, globalization, complex regulations, competition, and evolving consumer tastes” (Cullen, Edwards, Casper, & Gue, 2014, p.269). However, a growing body of research on organizational change has shifted the focus from the antecedents for organizational to the antecedents of failed change and the challenges leader’s face with change planning, practices, and implementation and the role of employee behaviors, well-being and the overall affected trust and ethics as organizational behaviors impact employee’s adaptability
This literature review is part of an assessment for management unit MAN5010. It is also a personal commitment to pursue and familiarise myself with significant challenges faced by management today. The majority of business analysts acknowledged that business is becoming more uncertain as the future becomes more competitive (Furnham, 2000 cited in Senior & Swailes, 2010). In a globalised world, change is almost endless in organisation to be sustainable considering the vast competition brought about by both emerging and developed countries. To sustain competitiveness an organisation is required to manage its product and the markets demands, technological advancement and the fast change in many facet of the business (Santhidran, Chandran, & Borromeo, 2013).
In an ever-changing business environment, for organisations to remain competitive in this fast-moving world of technological development and globalization, organisations must examine frameworks regularly and manage change and their working practices and systems if they are to remain competitive. “It is becoming increasingly important for organizations to gain competitive advantage by being able to manage and survive change ” “Organizational change has become synonymous with managerial effectiveness since the 1980s (Burnes, 1996; Wilson, 1992). A definition given by Mark Hughes (2006 ) in his book Change Management defines ‘ Change’ as “The leadership and direction of the process of organizational transformation – especially with regard to human aspects and overcoming resistance to change” (Hughes, 2006). Change is a constant feature of organizational life and the ability to manage it is
According to Dawson (1994) organisational change therefore refers to any alteration in activities or tasks. It is a modification or transformation of the organisations structure, processes, or goals. It may involve minor changes in procedures and or operations or transformational changes brought about by rapid expansion into international markets, mergers, or major restructuring. McLagan (2002) claims that “the phenomenon of change has become a central management issue in modern organisations and whilst it has always been an issue, creating, sustaining and managing change continues to be a challenge in today’s society” (p. 28). Change is also expensive, onerous, and has an intellectually demanding effect. These effects are experienced as organisations try to implement complex, unprecedented, organisation wide proposals such as reengineering, diversity interventions, globalisation, installing quality and productivity programmes, or entering into intricate agreements, mergers and acquisitions. According to Paton and McCalman, (2001) change is therefore an inseparable part of organisations, and it will certainly “not disappear or dissipate” (p. 5). Organisations no longer have a choice: they are pressured to change or else face their possible downfall moreover the rate of organisational change is clearly accelerating today. The content of organisational change refers to the particular areas of transformation that are being examined. According to Walsham, (1993) the organisation may be seeking to change technology, products, systems, manpower, geographical positioning, or corporate culture. The process of organisational change refers to the actions, reactions, and interactions from various interested parties in an attempt to move the ...
According to Sapru R.K. (2008) p370-371 the traditional ideal of public administration which inclined to be firm and bureaucratic was based on processes instead of outcomes and on setting procedures to follow instead of focusing on results. This paradigm can be regarded as an administration under formal control of the political control, constructed on a firmly ranked model of bureaucracy, run by permanent and neutral public servants, driven only by public concern. In emerging nations the administration was true bureaucracy meaning government by officers. In this perspective Smith (1996) p235-6 perceived that“the bureaucracy controls and manages the means of production through the government. It increases chances for bureaucratic careers by the creation of public figures,demanding public managers, marketing boards.
Furthermore, GHC recruits placement organizations involved in exceptional work in improving healthcare access and initiatives in disadvantaged communities. Placement organizations vary from small grassroots organizations to large global institutions (UNICEF, WHO, Clinton Health Access Initiative, etc) to Ministries of Health. Examples of some of the outcomes of this fellow...
Pierce et al (2002) states that the movement by an organisation to a future and preferred state from its current state is referred to as organisational change. According to Catalyst (2012), “Organisational change refers to strategies for change management and the means by which organisations can most effectively implement and sustain efforts to create inclusive workplaces.”
Annan, "Great governance is maybe the absolute most critical element in eradicating poverty and advancing development." Governance is an exercise of force for guiding social systems, and also a procedure by which associations are coordinated, controlled, and considered answerable to their general public. It is an arrangement of the systems and processes worried with guaranteeing the general direction, effectiveness, supervision and accountability of an association. E-Governance includes new styles of leadership, better approaches for debating and choosing arrangement and investment, better approaches for getting to training, better approaches for listening to citizens and better approaches for sorting out and conveying information and administrations.