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Development and under development of Africa
Development and under development of Africa
Major causes of food insecurity in Africa
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Thomas Sankara was a revolutionary and progressive thinker who was the president of Burkina Faso wanted to create a fairer state where before him there was a lack of organization and high corruption (Week 5, Video). Sankara, saw food aid assistance as counterproductive since the country already had more than enough food to feed everyone without aid (Week 5, Video). Causing a push to use locally produced goods and local labour to build infrastructure to give the country more autonomy by becoming self-sufficient (Week 5, Video). He created an awareness in the country of not needing to rely on aid and promoting women’s right to allow them to earn an honest and decent living can be connected to Samar Mezghanni thoughts on development (Week 5, Video).
In the novel a Grain of Wheat written by Nugugi we explore in-depth the hardships and courage of African men and women who were forced to fight for their independence in the War of Independence. This book reveals to us the life of a man named Gikonyo. As a reader we learn that Gikonyo was through into a detention camp a poor and confused man. When released, Gikonyo is a new man with motivational and leadership abilities. Finding his true self in the camp and proving to be a true leader among his people. Although he is a new man after the camps, Gikonyo finds himself falling further apart from his beloved wife then he had ever been before.
Some common themes of 17th-19th century African social and political history span these three stories despite their distinct historical contexts and characteristics. In each society, warlords vied for control without being able to unify small disintegrating states, and political strife led to social mobility and fed the slave trade with war captives (Lovejoy, 68-70). The struggle between competing definitions of orthodoxy and orthopraxy became crucially important when religious causes were allied with political causes, especially seen in the cases of Beatriz and Uthman. Another common feature, best illustrated in Guimba’s story, is the tradition African belief that spiritual power, whatever its source, is good when used in the interests of the community, but bad when used for personal gain (Thornton, 43-44).
The essential point of view in the documentary and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s speech is that our views need to shift and that if started now, the future generations can learn from our mistakes. Specific
Imagine you are born into an impoverish country where government officials take advantage of the poor and the struggle to make ends meet are no longer endurable. To what extent would you go to get out of poverty? In Paul Farmer’s Pathologies of Power, the stories of two Haitians, Acephie Joseph and Chouchou Louis exposed the injustice poor people faced in underprivileged country. In the chapter “On Suffering and Structural Violence” Farmer makes a valid and supportive argument on how those individuals were constrained by poverty and suffered structural violence. Paul farmer defines structural violence as continuously suffering inflicted on the poor by people of power such as government
Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko, and Keith Horton. "Famine, Affluence and Poverty." In Global ethics: seminal essays. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, 2008. 1-14.
...sident of Burkina Faso made people believe that Africa could be autonomous and self reliant and inspired many others to stand up for themselves, even giving his country a name that means “the land of upright men” in Mòoré and Dioula.
Bekoe, E. Ofori. “The Right Kind Of Revolution: Modernization, Development And U.S. Foreign Policy, Michael E. Latham.” Africa Today 60.1 (2013): 127-130.Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Feb. 2014.
In conclusion, the book was mostly about the struggle of the Senegal people and how they were being treated unfairly by the railroad companies. People have gone through series of unfortunate events to get to the freedom necessary for life. In this book the people’s need for change conflicted with the management’s desire for unequal rights to continue. Greed had led them to think like this, but the people prevail against all odd so they find independence from oppression.
The novel God's Bits of Wood by Sembene Ousmane is an account of the strike Senegalese trainworkers underwent in pursuit of equal benefits and compensation from their French employers. In an effort to coerce the workers into returning to their jobs, the French cut off the water and food supply to the three villages wherein these events transpire: Thies, Dakar, and Bamako. Ousmane's novel explores the way in which these hardships evolve the worker's and their families till the strike is ultimately resolved. Arguably the most significant transformation that takes place is in the role of women within these societies. Prior to the strike, the women were expected to be subservient to their husband, with exclusively domestic roles consisting of cooking, cleaning, and caring for the children. As a result of the strike and the famine that accompanied it, the women were forced to alter their role to provide food for their families. The goals of the men in women differed in that the men were fighting for equality and better pay, whereas the women were fighting a battle for their own and their children's survival. So despite the fact that the declaration of strike and refusal to work until their demands were met was the campaign of the men, it was the women who ultimately forced the Frenchmen to see their resolve and succumb to their demands.
Dr. Noah Zerbe is a professor and chair of the department of politics at Humboldt State University in California and someone who has spent time in both South Africa and Zimbabwe. Dr. Zerbe goes in depth into the factors that surrounded the 2002 famine in Africa, where 14 million Africans were on the brink of starvation. The Malawi president, just a season before the famine, sold off all of Mal...
As Escobar points out in The Problematization of Poverty, one of the many changes in the post-WW2 era was the "discovery" of mass poverty throughout the world. This "discovery" had massive implications for development discourse. Prior to WW2, development discourse was limited to the colonial experience. But with the end of colonial rule lurking on the horizon, western academics began to formulate theories of economic growth and "modernization." As a result, an entire genre of academic research emerged: the development discourse. The aim of development discourse was to chart out patterns of growth (which were based on the historical successes of the West) that newly independent countries could use, primarily to escape vicious cycles of poverty, famine, etc.
Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard Food self-sufficiency: Crisis of the collective ideology African agriculture: The critical choices. United Nations University Press (1990) ISBN 0-86232-798-9
Smith, R.K. (1996). Understanding third world politics: theories of political change and development. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
McMichael, Philip, ed 2012. Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, 5th ed. London: Sage Publications, Inc.
Beneria and Sen say, " male migration to urban areas in search of work have forced women in Ghana to take up additional tasks in subsistence agricultural production, lengthening and intensifying their work days" (288). This means that while men moved away from the home women were left to additionally, take over male positions in the field, and continue their work in agriculture, and at home. This is a concept Kabeer refers to a 'time poverty ' (194), where the amount of work one has significantly outweighs the amount of time they have to complete said work. Moreover, many women did not, or were not allowed to move with their husband 's to the urban centers due to the social connotations applied with being an urban woman (Boserup Chapter 9. 145). This revisits a previous point concerning how women 's social status, and role, plays into their freedoms and restraints in the economic center. If they are meant to be in the home, than being in the city not only physically places them outside of their designated space, but also culturally paints them as 'bad women ' who are defying their roles. The influence of urbanization as the epicenter of economic gains and growth is the final way the shift towards economic growth, as a form of development, damaged