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Theories of development quizlet
Give an explanation of the following theories of development and how these influence current practice
Theories of development quizlet
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There are four essential developmental theories that demonstrate how children’s development changes as they grow up. These theories range from explaining how children grow from birth, how they feel about certain aspects of life, how they socialize with their peers, to how they think. The four theories of development that are vital to understand as teachers are Biosocial, Social Learning, Humanistic, and Psychoanalytic. Each of these theories provide teachers with an understanding of why children act a certain way during a certain point in their lives. Teachers that are knowledgeable about each of these theories will be more likely to be effective teachers, and to make a difference in their student’s lives. The Biosocial Theory of Development …show more content…
Both the brain and the body grow according to various biological and social factors. Therefore, a child’s home life and social life must have a positive influence on their lives. During early childhood, well-nourished children are expected to grow about four inches and 4.5 pounds per year (p. 208). Children lack a sense of preservation within this time period of their lives. As a teacher, one must realize that students can become easily distracted. They will not be able to keep their minds fully focused on one task for a long time, so teachers must create a variety of activities to overcome this issue. They also lack impulse control, which means that they have to be constantly moving around. This is why some students during early childhood have difficulty sitting still. It is suggested that teachers give students various times throughout the day to get their energy out of their systems, so that they can focus more easily. However, if a student is swinging their legs in their seat then they should be allowed to do this. As long as they are not bothering anyone, then theorists recommend that teachers allow …show more content…
369). He created a new theory of motivation, which involved a hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization. He believed that a person must fulfill their basic needs before they are able to fill higher needs (Crain, 2005, p. 372-373). Thus, children who live in low-income families have a difficult time staying focused in school. This is become their physiological needs of an adequate food supply are not met, so they are not worried about anything else. This idea of a hierarchy of needs is necessary for teachers to understand. A teacher must get to know each and every one of their students to be able to help them reach their full potential. Maslow believed that very few people ever reach self-actualization. However, some traits of self-actualizers are found in many children. A lot of children are afraid to think things that do not coincide with what others think. If their peers might disapprove their thoughts, then many children would rather keep it to themselves. Due to socialization, students lose a lot of their creativity. Therefore, they stop trusting what they believe and rely on the opinions of others (Crain, 2005, p. 373). Teachers can help students to regain their creativity by not constantly correcting student errors. If a student got an answer wrong, then having them find their own mistake would be more beneficial
Theories of development are important as they can influence practice and also help us understand children’s behaviour, reactions and ways of learning.
Huitt, W. (2007),Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University, (http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/regsys/maslow.html), [Accessed 29 December 2013].
No single development theory satisfactorily explains behavior; however, a more comprehensive picture of child development emerges when Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development is integrated with Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development identifies four stages of development associated with age (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs “posited a hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings: deficiency needs and growth needs” (Huitt, 2007). Comparatively, both theories argue that humans need a series of environmental and psychological support to meet our needs. Integrated, these two theories together enable teachers to understand which stage of development students are at and to create teaching
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
In this essay I intend to discuss two psychological theories of development; The psychodynamic approach and the behavioural approach. In order to do this, I will outline each theory and explain how it accounts for psychological development, health and behaviour of the individual. In addition to this, I will explain how an understanding of these theories relates to care and would help a care professional to support an individual in a care setting.
Developmental theories are broken up into two perspectives; Life-course, and Latent Trait. These perspectives may answer questions on why juveniles have grown to lead a destructive life-style and why others grow out of their delinquency. Latent trait explains that some tendencies we are may be born with and how important it is to be there for our children. Our parenting skills do have a profound effect on how our children may lack self control or have an impulsive behavior.
Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled, a person seeks to fulfil the next one, and so on. The earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
Off the five developmental theories, I would like to describe and explain two grand theories, Cognitive theory and Behaviorism.
It is crucial for us to understand the fundamentals of the development of a child as there are countless ways to conduct a lessons and to understand why children would react differently at this timing to another timing when they are completing a certain task. Furthermore, children develop uniquely and their development milestones differs from one another. Thus, a teacher must be cognizant of each child’s progression before conducting the class. This will help the teacher to plan and organize the lesson materials and the lesson time appropriately. There are two theories I would like to share in regards to child development in peer social interaction and cognitive development.
My Philosophy about Child Development Works Cited Missing A child's development affects how they learn. All children don't fit the norms of development but not all children should be looked down on because of this. The development of the body and mind leads to the development of skills a child learns in life. Teachers need to help the child expand their skills and the knowledge to do the skills well. "Virtually everything a young child does is affected if physical development is delayed" (Charlesworth, 2000).
Child psychology, also known as child development, is the study of psychological growth of children; how these mechanisms develop from infancy to adolescence and why they deviate from one child to the next. Child development is associated with biological, psychological, and emotional diversity that occur in humans. Although there is a different advancement for each child, these developmental changes may be greatly determined by genetic factors and experience during prenatal life. The early years of a child’s life are very important for his or her health and development. Parents, health professionals, educators, and others can work together as partners to help children grow up to reach their full potential.
Human development has been a subject of interest since ancient Greece and Rome. Different approaches derive from two basic directions: the nativists` and empiricists` ones. The latter method is to regard human development as a gradual change which has been influenced by the individual`s experience .On the other hand, the former approach has found its roots in the biological structure of the human organism which considers our development as a series of stages. However, referring to human development only as continuous or gradual would produce inconsistent and insufficient understanding of the developmental process .As a result, combining ideas of both viewpoints(continuity and phases) will provide a more explicit of understanding of the developmental processes and their final aim which is to create individual`s integrity within the social norms.
In the study of child development, nature and nurture are two essential concepts that immensely influence future abilities and characteristics of developing children. Nature refers to the genetically obtained characteristics and abilities that influence development while nurture refers to the surrounding environmental conditions that influence development. Without one or the other, a child may not develop some important skills, such as communication and walking. The roles of physiological and psychological needs in a person’s life are also crucial for developing children. Humanistic psychologist, Abraham Maslow, suggested that humans don’t only aim towards survival, but also aim towards self-actualization (Rathus, P. 94).
Educational psychologists like teachers use Abraham Maslow’s concept of the hierarchy of needs to expand on arousal, competence, self-determination, universality and diversity to understand the various approaches taken by human beings of basic needs satisfaction. For instance, teachers of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs know to give strategies and the proper lesson plans and also, give students an ample environment for study as they strive to attain self-actualization purposing to satisfy their basic