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Psychoanalytic theory by sigmund freud
Psychoanalytic theory by sigmund freud
Psychoanalytic theory by sigmund freud
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Human Development Theories In addition to Freud’s psychodynamic theory there are four other human development philosophies; biological, cognitive, behavioral and systems model. Even though these theories differ they all contain the same basic assumptions. People will continue to grow. People exhibit both stability and flux as they pass through life. People are holistic, of mind body and spirit. Lastly, individual people must be understood in the context of relationships and setting (Cash White, 2012). There are three main concepts in the theory of Biological human development. Gesell’s maturation theory is that a child will develop according to a predetermined biological schedule. “There is an inner timetable that determines the readiness to do things” (Crain, 2011, p. 24). Despite efforts of parents trying to push their child into developing more quickly, the child will begin to develop cephalocaudaly (head to foot) when their nervous system has adequately matured. Although most children develop through the same sequences there may be a variance in the speed of growth (Crain, 2011). Gesell also believed that babies have the ability to self-regulate, given the opportunity they will be able to work out a stable schedule (Crain, 2011). Babies will cry when they are in need and tending to those needs on their organic time clock versus the caretakers’ own preconceived agenda will reassure self-regulated growth (Crain, 2011). In addition to biological maturation is the study of behavior within an evolutionary perspective. Ethology, most influenced by Darwin, studies the tremendously slow changes that transpire over many generations (Crain, 2011). Darwin’s theory on natural selection determines which species are fittest to live long e... ... middle of paper ... ... the majority of the human development theories. Works Cited Cash White, K. (2011). Foundation of human development. . Warner Pacific College. Craig, G. J., & Dunn, W. L. (2010). Introduction to human devleopment. In J. Mosher, & S. Frail (Eds.), Understanding human develpment (2nd ed., pp. 2-32). New Jersey: Pearson. Crain, W. (2011). Early Theroies. In J. Marshall, C. Campanella, & J. Mosher (Eds.), Theories of development (6th ed., pp. 3-21). New Jersey: Pearson. Kurt lewin. (n.d.). In Kurt Lewin. Retrieved January 30, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/Kurt_Lewin Social ecological model. (n.d.). In Social ecological model-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved January 30, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ecological_model Walonick, D. S. (1993). General systems theory. Retrieved from http://www.statpac.org/walonick/systems-theory-htm
Crandell, Thomas. Crandell, Corinne Haines. Zanden, James W. Vander. (2009). Human Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schuster, C. S., and Ashburn, S. S., (1980). The Process of Human Development: A Holistic Approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company Inc.
For ease of review in discussing the developmental theorists and their theories of human development I have subdivided each theorist into their respective schools of psychology. These schools include the psychoanalytic school, behavioral school, humanistic school, cognitive school, and the individual schools of psychology. Each developmental theorist holds their own unique ideas and theories about various components of human development. I will be discussing the contributions of each of these theorists.
Looking at child development from a biological perspective is a tactic very popular throughout the scientific community (Gardner, 2005). Many theories, such as the maturational theory and ethological theory, help to enforce the biological theory, which states that development is determined primarily by biological forces (McNamara, 2011). After exploring Jerry and Samantha’s development, specifically social progress, through a biological lens, much rationality is apparent as to why these two first graders experience dif...
Bergen, D. (2008). Human development: Traditional and contemporary theories. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
Berk, L. (2010). Development Through the Lifespan (5th ed.). (J. Mosher, Ed.) Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
Human development describes the life stages of human beings that progress from birth to death. This essay will use theorists Erik Erikson and Daniel Levinson to compare early adulthood to middle adulthood focusing on their physical, cognitive, and social development. The essay will also define stress and discuss the best ways to cope with stress.
This approach has become the stimulus for a number of similar theories which share the same assumptions on psychological development, yet differ in detail. (Gross, R, 2007) Erik Erikson, a neo-freudian himself accepted Freud’s theory but whereas the psychodynamic approach focuses on five main stages of development until adulthood, Erikson theorised that development is lifelong and continues throughout life until death. (Psychology for A Level 2000)
Papalia, D. E., S. W. Olds, and R. D. Feldman. Human development. 11. Boston: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2010. Print
Crain, W. (2011). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
There are many types of development theories, Psychoanalytic theories, Cognitive theories, Behavioral and social cognitive theories, ethological theories and ecological theories. Development is how a person changes throughout their life, from the time they are conceived to the time they die. Everyone processes and interprets things and information differently. After researching these various developmental theories ecological theories best describe development. Urie Bronfenbrenner is the researcher that created the ecological theory. Psychoanalytic theories least describe development. Both Ecological and Psychoanalytic theories have certain aspects that I personally believe to make a valid point and certain aspects that do not make a valid point when it comes to development. Eclectic theoretical orientation takes pieces of each theory that makes the most sense when it comes to lifespan development and follows that system. Ecological theories are everyone and everything having an impact on a child’s development, even if those people and events have no direct contact with the child.
Peterson, Candida C., James L. Peterson, and Diane Seeto. Child Developement. Vol. 54. N.p.: Blackwell Publishing, n.d. JSTOR. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.
Craig, G. J., & Dunn, W. L. (Ex.: 2010). Understanding human development (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Developmental psychologists examine human physical, cognitive, and social development, and tend to focus on three main issues; Nature and Nurture, Continuity and stages, and Stability and Change. Nature and Nurture tends to ask the question of how human development is influenced by both our inheritance (nature) and experiences (nurture). Continuity and Stages focuses on what parts of development are gradual and continuous throughout life and what aspects change more abruptly. These issue of Stability and Change focuses on the overall lifespan of a person and which traits remain consistent and which change through life.