Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Principles in ethics
Ethical theories and ethical principles
Ethical theory and principles
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Principles in ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term ethics derives from Ancient Greek (ethikos), from (ethos), meaning 'habit, custom'. The branch of philosophy axiology comprises the sub-branches of ethics and aesthetics, each concerned with values.
Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual enquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.
Three major areas of study within ethics recognised today are:
1. Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical
…show more content…
While Carty was asking rank-and-file employees to take deep pay cuts to save the company, he was also putting together a package that included $41 million in pension funding for 45 executives. If Carty had been upfront with the unions about this arrangement perhaps explaining that he felt these benefits were necessary to retain an executive team that could help pull American Airlines through the crisis the outcome may have been different. Instead, the unions got the facts from the press and demanded Carty's …show more content…
Practice the concept of "no surprises." Gomer Pyle, played by the late Jim Nabors, used to draw a laugh whenever he said, "Surprise, surprise, surprise, Sergeant Carter." What made this line so funny was that Gomer Pyle's surprises were always negative. My wife is fond of telling me, "If you are going to surprise me, stick it in a jewelry box and put a bow on it." Making sure that a negotiation does not contain any negative surprises will reduce the chances of an ethical lapse.
9. Follow the Platinum Rule. The Golden Rule tells us to treat people the way we would like to be treated. Dr. Tony Alessandra's The Platinum Rule™ tells us to treat people the way they want to be treated. Caring about your counterparts enough to treat them the way they want to be treated helps build long-term relationships based on ethics and trust.
10. Be willing to walk away from a deal. When it comes to effective negotiations, remember, some of the best deals you will ever make are the ones you did not make. All of us have contemplated buying something from an individual, or entering into a business relationship with a company, and just getting a gut feeling that we should say "no." So we have walked away from the deal. Later, when we heard negative information about this individual or company, the information reinforced the fact that we had made a great decision. In negotiations, your head may try to rationalize deal points to make your gut feel more comfortable. Remember to go with your gut instinct,
Ethics is defined by as the “branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions
Negotiations are supposed to begin in a positive way in which the negotiators consider the needs and wants of the others involved and their shared interests and interdependencies.... ... middle of paper ... ... References Michael R. Carrell, C. H. (2008). Negotiating Essentials: Theory, Skills, and Practice.
Negotiations styles are scholastically recognized as being broken down into two general categories and those are distributive bargaining styles and integrative negotiation styles. Distributive bargaining styles of negotiation are understood to be a competitive type of negotiation. “Distributive bargaining, also known as positional bargaining, negotiating zero-sum, competitive negotiation, or win-lose negotiation, is a type or style of negotiation in which the parties compete for the distribution of a fixed amount of value” (Business Blog Reviews, 2011). This type of negotiation skill or style approach might be best represented in professional areas such as the stock market where there is a fixed goal in mind or even in a garage sale negotiation where the owner would have a specific value of which he/she would not go below. In contrast, an integrative negotiation approach/style is that of cooperative bargaining, or win-win types ...
Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., & Barry, B. (2011). Essentials of Negotiation (5th ed.). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
In all of the above negotiations, both parties could have created more values if we understood the big picture (broad rather than narrow goals) and manage the negotiation process by understanding what is really important and when negotiation is ready to move on to the next phase. In my own negotiations, especially at work with the inter-departmental meetings, I tried to be consciously aware when I started to drill down into detail very quickly, and tried to pull myself back to consider big picture, underlying concerns and motivations, and not on the detail. I learned that by focusing on interests rather than positions left me out of the need of being competitive in order to win the arguments and allow me to read where the negotiation is on the train journey, resulting in better outcomes for both parties.
Negotiation, as we’ve learned, is the process of communicating where parties can discuss problems and/or targets and attempt to solve them via dialogue in order to reach a resolution. While many individuals feel successful negotiations are due to a natural skill, the truth behind reaching a prime agreement is preparation. You need to know the issue, know yourself, and know your party. This type of preparation also includes knowing your needs and limits, understanding what the other party wants and anticipating their limits, asking the right questions, and being creative in your counteroffers.
Lewicki, R. J., Barry, B., & Saunders, D. M. (2007). Essentials of Negotiation. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin.
Lewicki, J. R., Barry, B., & Saunders, M. D. (2006). Negotiation: Readings, Exercises and Cases (5th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Negotiating styles are grouped into five types; Competing, Collaborating, Comprising, Avoidance, and Accommodating (Colburn, 2010). Even though it is possible to exhibit different parts of the five types of negation styles in different situations, can see that my tendencies seem to default to, Compromise and Accommodating. In reviewing the course work and reviewing my answers for Questionnaire 1 and 5, I find that the data reflects the same assumption. The accommodating profile is one where relationship perseveration is everything and giving what the other side wants is the route to winning people over. Accommodators are well liked by their colleagues and opposite party negotiators (Colburn, 2010). When analyzing my accommodating tenancy in negations, I find often it is easier to give into the demands when they are within a reasonable range. I often consider it the part of providing a high level of customer service. It has been my experience that continued delaying and not coming to an agreement in a topic will only shorten the window in which you will have to meet the request since. The cons to this style are by accommodating highly competitive styles the accommodator can give up to much ground in the process. “Giving away value too easily too early can signal to your negotiation counterpart that you've very deep pockets, and your gift is just a taster of bigger and better gifts to come”. The other negations type I default to is compromising. Compromising “often involves splitting the difference; usually resulting in an end position of about half way between both parties’ opening positions” (Colburn, 2010). In the absence of a good rationale or balanced exchanged concessions, half way betwee...
For this reason, it is evident that parties to a business negotiation are able to field various questions as well as look out for tactics. In this regard, the author points out that the meeting place should be open. This is meant to propagate confidence on the deals. On the other hand, making the first offer is tricky particularly because of the costs involved in the negotiation process notably monetary and time-wise. In essence, making an offer sends signal on the desired expectations. Nevertheless, it is proportionally relevant to quote a figure or else make an offer that is justifiable. For example, when selling a car, it is important to quote a particular amount of money that is commensurate to the inbuilt capacities. This makes the other negotiating party to partly negotiate from a known standpoint unlike beating around the bush. Conversely, it is incongruent to overprice a commodity or service especially in modern day liberalized business environment (Fisher, Ury and Patton 1991).
During this course, I have learned a lot about negotiating. We learned about almost every negotiating technique there is. We learned about cross-cultural negotiations, body language, Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA), variables in negotiating, and many more. Before this course, I did not know that much about negotiating. I thought that negotiating was just about trading or convincing someone to give you what you want and you did not care about the other side, resulting in a win-lose. I now know that negotiating is about getting what you want, but also giving the other side what they want as well to result in a win-win. This paper is about how I am going to improve my negotiating skills over the next six months. In order for me to improve my negotiating skills, I believe I need to improve the following skills- my body language, communication, planning, and my interpersonal communications. By improving those skills, I can become an effective negotiator.
There is no secret to achieve the ideal negotiation, as it is handed to us in simple strategies by so many experienced individuals. The personality and character traits of each person will require different approaches. However, it is a study that everyone should attempt to use. As with all the steps mentioned in this article and many more founded by experienced mentors all around the world, it goes down to the skills of the negotiator, someone who can study these strategies and apply them flawlessly to a variety of
...w to apply these tactics into practice. Understanding the meaning of each tactics is just the first stage, flexibility in the use of appropriate tactics in future issues is more important. Besides, I need to make a detailed plan before the negotiation. Firstly, analyzing the interests, perspectives and weak points of the opposite side and selecting suitable tactics. Secondly, preparing several response strategies will help me to control the situations. Thirdly, setting the minimum level what I can agree on the issue is also essential part of negotiation.
[1] Ethics is defined as “the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviour of a person or a group with respect to what is right or wrong” (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.158)
Philosopher David Hume divided the term “ethics” into three distinctive areas; meta-ethics, which focuses on the language used when talking about ethical issues. The general approach to this area of ethics is, it explores the nature of moral judgement, and it looks at the meaning of ethical principles. Normative ethics tries to find practical moral code that we can live by. It is concerned with the content of moral judgements and the criteria for what is right and wrong. Finally applied-ethics is the application of ethical theories and using them in real life issues such as medical research or human rights (Hume D, 2011).