Theoretical Backgrounds On Food And Nutrition

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Chapter 2

2. Theoretical backgrounds

2.1 Human body
Food, water and oxygen are life-sustaining substance essential to human life. Food provides both energy and the material needed for body cells. Nutrients are nourishing substances in food. These are needed for growth and development from childhood to entire life cycle for maintenance of body functions (Aguilera and Stanley, 1999). Food, water and oxygen are life-sustaining substance essential to human life. Nutrients are nourishing substances in food. These are needed for growth and development from childhood to entire life cycle for maintenance of body functions (Krishnaswamy and Sesikeran, 2010, p 1f).

2.1.1 Chemical composition of human body
The chemical composition of human body is …show more content…

It is a source of nutrient and provides the energy required for all activities of human body, as growth, repair of the damaged tissues, reproduction and sustenance (John, S. and Jenifer, J., 2008). Food is consumed to satisfy primarily hunger, which is an unpleasant sanitation, hunger is a physiological condition associated with the contraction of the stomach and leads to other sensations such as weakness, irritability and even nausea (Burchi, F. et. al, 2011). Food is also sought to satisfy the appetite, a pleasant sensation causing a person to satisfy the craving of the body or food. It is more of a psychological state usually felt in the mouth depending on odour and floor as well as the memory of a pleasant food (Shivasankar, B., 2009) Apart from being a source of nutrients and energy, food also gives a sense of security in the sense those individuals, communities and nations feet secure when enough food is stored to meet the requirement design scarcity periods (FAO, …show more content…

Nutritional assessment mainly depends on nutrients, foods and eating habits. It also depends on body composition which reflects calorie and protein needs. Nutritional statues calculates morbidity, mortality, length of stay etc of the respondents. Baseline body composition and biochemical indicators determine if nutrition support is effective includes height, weight, unintentional weight loss and change in appetite and serum albumin loss. Data used to determine respondent’s nutritional risk and the need for a detailed assessment. Nutrition care plan developed to reflect calorie, protein and other nutrient needs from the information collected, implement plan, monitoring and revise as needed (Wrieden, et.al,

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