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The social construction of race
The social construction of race
Race and ethnicity in the united states history
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It is theorized that the phrase “angry Black man” is a social construct created during America’s Colonial period. It was supposedly used to negatively describe an African-American men who spoke out against what they considered to be an incongruous and xenophobic society and more specifically the institution of slavery. The phrase’s essence had been intentionally misconstrued. The three words together were said to have been used by whites as a dismissive tool; a method of sabotaging the validity of an outspoken Black man’s claims of an unjust and oppressive system. This was done in an effort to detract from the legitimacy of the outraged Black man’s cries of injustice. Purportedly, Abolitionist and Black male orators of the time were becoming increasingly persuasive in their arguments and it was feared that their message would garner support. With this in mind, white supremacists took it upon themselves to attach a contemptuous label to those Black men that dared speak up. The word “angry,” was likely chosen because it typically evokes negative perceptions. This would have been a major factor in the promotion of the trivialization process and also the attaching of the conspiracy theorist stigma. Not only was this a manner of dismissing the Black man’s claims but it also helped to dehumanize him as well.
Subsequent to examining America’s Colonial period we concluded that the phrase “whining nigger” would best describe our phenomenon. This would be the most likely phrase used to describe an outraged, outspoken Black man who was complaining about the inhumane brutality of slavery; for this was the angry Black man of the time. In contemplation of this notion we assert that one of the more familiar “whining niggers” during America’s...
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...as nice enough to make sure that Banneker’s manuscript was brought to the attention of the French Academy of Science.
Years later, in a letter to his friend Joel Barlow, Jefferson speculated that Banneker had help in developing the calculations for his Almanac, and referred to the "long letter from Banneker, which showed him to have had a mind of very common stature indeed..." [ ]
Benjamin Banneker had made a written attempt to appeal to a White man in a position of authority to end slavery; to no avail. Banneker passed away on October 9, 1806.
Benjamin Banneker was an adult human male, with dark pigmentation of the skin, of African descent, and who was feeling extremely annoyed about a moral and social injustice, and openly expressed it. He was an angry Black man.
Works Cited
Africans in America; WGBH | PBS Online; http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2p84.html
Benjamin Banneker appeals to ethos, creating a common ground for the two men and stating that both of them have overcome adversities, him in Slavery, and Jefferson in the independence of the country. He turns himself into a reliable source while doing so. The direct quotes from political and religious documents give his appeal logos. He appeals to pathos by repeatedly comparing how Thomas Jefferson felt while fighting for American freedom to his own feelings of hardship. He refers to slavery as “groaning captivity” ...
He calls attention to the time when “human aid appeared unavailable” and “hope and fortitude” did not affect the American people. This helplessness is the same emotion that the slaves endure, attempting to evoke sympathy in Jefferson so that he will take action against the unjust institution. Throughout the letter, Banneker recommends that Jefferson, “put your souls in their soul's stead;” the use of pathos and allusion to the Bible calls attention to Jefferson’s religion and how the institution of slavery doesn’t correspond with his religious beliefs. This, again, highlights Jefferson’s hypocritical stance. It is through Benjamin Banneker’s use of rhetorical devices that he is able to convey the injustices of slavery to Thomas Jefferson and to make progress with the hopes of all slaves being freed from the grasp of
Banneker makes these religious appeals to attack Jefferson’s pro-slavery stance. Banneker conveys that while Jefferson is “fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of mankind,” yet he “counteracts his mercies” by letting slavery continue. His religious appeal serves two purposes, the first of which chains Banneker and Jefferson under a common God. This goes on to show that Jefferson and Banneker have a collective understanding. However, while this ties the two men together, it also ridicules Jefferson. Banneker attacks Jefferson under the eyes of God so that he can sustain a respectful tone while also reprimanding
While the differences between the Letter from Birmingham Jail, written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Benjamin Banneker letter are noticeable, the similarities are striking. Through the use of strong allusions, logos, and pathos, these two remarkable letters provide intriguing arguments against slavery and oppression, promoting equality with two different perspectives, allowing the reader to understand the difficulties segregation and racism placed upon the African American society.
At the age of twenty-one, his abilities were finally utilized. He met a man named Josef Levi who showed him a pocket watch. Banneker was so fascinated that Levi gave him the watch. He studied how it worked, drew a picture of it, and made mathematical calculations for the parts. He worked on building the clock for two years. In 1753, it was completed. It was made of wood and he had carved the gears by hand. This was the first clock built in the United States. For more than forty years, the clock struck every hour.
In writing this letter to Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Banneker, clearly and precisely uses numerous rhetorical strategies to establish his point that the immoral, unlawful and horrid institution of slavery should be abolished in the thirteen colonies of America. Centered on the argument against slavery Benjamin Banneker uses a passive-aggressive, informal, and specific tone throughout the entire letter. His belief that if he can sway Jefferson first, and then the government of the abomination that is slavery, then there is a chance that it may finally be terminated in America. To do this and to truly persuade Jefferson, Banneker demonstrates an immense amount of rhetorical strategies such as analogy, comparison and contrast, hyperbole, allusion,
There are many contradictions pertaining to slavery, which lasted for approximately 245 years. In Woody Holton’s “Black Americans in the Revolutionary Era”, Holton points out the multiple instances where one would find discrepancies that lie in the interests of slaveowners, noble figures, and slaves that lived throughout the United States. Holton exemplifies this hostility in forms of documents that further specify and support his claim.
Writing around the same time period as Phillips, though from the obverse vantage, was Richard Wright. Wright’s essay, “The Inheritors of Slavery,” was not presented at the American Historical Society’s annual meeting. His piece is not festooned with foot-notes or carefully sourced. It was written only about a decade after Phillips’s, and meant to be published as a complement to a series of Farm Credit Administration photographs of black Americans. Wright was not an academic writing for an audience of his peers; he was a novelist acceding to a request from a publisher. His essay is naturally of a more literary bent than Phillips’s, and, because he was a black man writing ...
Walker addresses biases established by Jefferson decades before his time that still significantly shape the way many think about blacks. In doing so, Walker is able to draw attention the problematic logic behind said arguments. Ultimately, in his Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, David Walker addresses the arguments, presented in Thomas Jefferson’ Notes on the State of Virginia, of race superiority, slavery, citizenship, and Jefferson’s own default validation by means of his authority, to further and strengthen his own abolitionist
Analyzing the narrative of Harriet Jacobs through the lens of The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du bois provides an insight into two periods of 19th century American history--the peak of slavery in the South and Reconstruction--and how the former influenced the attitudes present in the latter. The Reconstruction period features Negro men and women desperately trying to distance themselves from a past of brutal hardships that tainted their souls and livelihoods. W.E.B. Du bois addresses the black man 's hesitating, powerless, and self-deprecating nature and the narrative of Harriet Jacobs demonstrates that the institution of slavery was instrumental in fostering this attitude.
Since 1945, in what is defined by literary scholars as the Contemporary Period, it appears that the "refracted public image"(xx) whites hold of blacks continues to necessitate ...
Benjamin Banneker was an independent man who was fighting to change the view of slaves that the american people had adopted. Many people believed slaves to have little intelligence, and to not have the same morals and emotions as the free white man. Benjamin, despite being the son of slaves, went on to become a farmer, an astronomer, a mathematician, a surveyor, and an author. In 1791 he sent a letter to Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to sway his support of slavery.Within his letter addressing Jefferson, Banneker effectively communicates his argument by exposing Jefferson’s contradictory ideas, using emotional appeals, and confronting Jefferson in a critical yet respectful tone.
First, the Africans’ place in the Jefferson’s envisioned America did not change much, but only grew in severity. He thought of Africans as being inferior. Even when a brainy and freed African named Benjamin Banneker wrote an
Slavery in the eighteenth century was worst for African Americans. Observers of slaves suggested that slave characteristics like: clumsiness, untidiness, littleness, destructiveness, and inability to learn the white people were “better.” Despite white society's belief that slaves were nothing more than laborers when in fact they were a part of an elaborate and well defined social structure that gave them identity and sustained them in their silent protest.
Banneker’s letter illustrates that the intellectual experience of a black person can not be considered inferior to that of a white person, since Banneker passionately pursued knowledge. Furthermore, Banneker displays another feat of intelligence, his competence in the field of surveying, in the next