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The spread of communism in eastern europe during the cold war
Communism in Eastern Europe after WW2
Impact of communism
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The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe During the Cold War, tensions between NATO forces and members of the Warsaw Pact are still at a standstill. A similar characteristic between all of these revolutions is a repeating cycle or a domino effect within the region. Each country’s revolution had its citizen’s protest against the government. The government would respond in many ways. Some would go through non-violent transitions the control of power or through a violent revolution leading to the death of the people in control. What all of these revolutions did achieve is the downfall of their Communist governments and reformations of their laws. This essay explains the fall of multiple Communist governments in Eastern Europe and what those countries …show more content…
The removal of Janos Kadar as Secretary General of the Communist Party causes the beginning of major reforms within the country. Hungary was suffering from an economic crisis, and need to find a way to save itself from collapsing. Parliament removed its Stalinist principles with Western influenced laws. A large group of reforms called “democracy package” included freedom of the press, a new constitution, and allowed multiple parties, which allowed for more choice for the people. Hungary also opened up the 150 mile border along Austria. This however caused an immigration of thousands of East Germans going to West …show more content…
This prompted Gorbachev to go to East Berlin. He was going to do a speech on the 40th anniversary of the country. East Germany’s planned economy was not catching up to the economies of West Germany and Western nations. Along with a rising national debt, accusations of electoral fraud by the government made people more frustrated at the government. State secret police known as the Stasi is regarded as one of the most notorious intelligent agencies to have ever existed. Millions of Germans were spied on and collected their personal information. The first wave of peaceful protests in East Germany known as the Monday demonstrations was held at St. Nicolas Church in Leipzig. Over 10,000 people were at these protests. The SED responded by sending armed security along with spies to blend in with the protesters. A second wave of demonstrations called The Alexanderplatz demonstration demanded for government reform. Nearly half a million people marched to East
During the 20th century, the rise of communism sparked rage in people throughout the world. More towards the end of the 1900's the fall of communism and dictatorships was just the beginning of what would eventually be a large democratic change for several countries. 1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End, speaks about the change brought to several different countries from the 1980's-1990's and plans to show "the global transformations that marked the end of the cold war and shaped the era in which we live"(Pg V). During the cold war, communist had power and control over a large area and spread communism throughout several continents. This book specifically hits on six different studies of where communism and dictatorship affected these areas and what they did to stop it. Poland, Philippines, Chile, South Africa, Ukraine, and China throughout the end of the 20th century created revolutionary movements which brought them all one step closer to freeing themselves and creating democratic change.
After the Second World War, the Soviet Union spread their political ideology among the countries of East Central Europe. Instantly, Josef Stalin spread Stalinization across each of the countries to assert Soviet control. He created totalitarian governments with limited freedoms for its citizens. Following the death of Stalin, the new leader of the Soviet Union, Nika Khrushchev, began changing the repressive policies of Stalin, opening the doors to the countries of East Central Europe to challenge the rule of the Soviets. Using the Soviet Thaw as an opportunity to reform the system of government, many countries including Hungary and Czechoslovakia had uprisings against Soviet Rule. The Hungarian Revolution and the Prague Spring were uprisings against the Soviet Union that both ended in defeat with Soviet Union. However, the outcomes for both countries differed in many ways because of the differences in the motives for the uprising, the loss of life and the differences in the leadership of the uprisings.
The terms hawks and doves' were quick labels attached to politicians in order to categorize their views on war and foreign policies, as to make them understandable and accessible for the public. However, these labels were not always accurate and in some cases could be quite misleading; it would have been more accurate not to label individuals as either Hawks or Doves, but instead, what they stood for.
COLD WAR During 1945 and early in 1946, the Soviet Union cut off nearly all contacts between the West and the occupied territories of Eastern Europe. In March 1946, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill warned that "an iron curtain has descended across the Continent" of Europe. He made popular the phrase Iron Curtain to refer to Soviet barriers against the West (Kennedy 1034). Behind these barriers, the U.S.S.R. steadily expanded its power.
Odd Arne Westad, Director of the Cold War Studies Centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science, explains how the Cold War “shaped the world we live in today — its politics, economics, and military affairs“ (Westad, The Global Cold War, 1). Furthermore, Westad continues, “ the globalization of the Cold War during the last century created foundations” for most of the historic conflicts we see today. The Cold War, asserts Westad, centers on how the Third World policies of the two twentieth-century superpowers — the United States and the Soviet Union — escalates to antipathy and conflict that in the end helped oust one world power while challenging the other. This supplies a universal understanding on the Cold War (Westad, The Global Cold War, 1). After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union opposed each other over the expansion of their power.
Communism is defined as a political and economical doctrine, the aim which is to abolish private ownership of property and for-profit enterprise and to replace these with public ownership and control of industry, agriculture, and resources (“Communism”). The product of this government is supposed to be a society free of class ranking based on wealth, property, and political power. The Soviet Union was the first country to test these governmental strategies and it did not take long for the regime to collapse. The inevitable collapse of communism led to the fall of the Berlin Wall; this started the domino effect of freedom that ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Why did modern communism fail? Is it because it did not fulfill its promises? Well, what exactly was it promising? In this essay, the reasons will be presented. Then we can decipher why communism did fall.
of the beginning of the fall of Communism in Poland. The Communist government saw that the
Comparing the events in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968. Both of these events covered the same basic outline: a revolt, reforms. in the country and the USSR’s reaction to these modifications. However, In both cases, the situation differed with many similarities and difference. The sand is Both events started with the same cause, dissatisfaction with Communism and the restrictions that come with it.
Following the death of Josef Stalin in 1953, the harsh policies he implemented in not only the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, but also its many satellite nations began to break down. There was a movement to distance all of the socialist nations from Stalin?s sadistic rule. In the Peoples? Republic of Hungary, there was much disillusionment with this Stalinist absolutism (Felkay 50). This disillusionment with the Soviet ideal of socialism lead the people of the fledgeling socialist state of Hungary to rise up in revolt, but ill-preparedness and the strength of the Soviet Red Army put down the insurrection within several days.
In the last fifty years the German Democratic Republic has been a nonstop changing country. In Germany, the terms “East” and “West” do not just represent geographically regions. It runs much deeper than that, and there is still a large gap in the way of life, and political and social conditions of the whole country. While most German’s were sleeping on the night of August 13, 1961, the East German government began closing its borders. In the early morning of that Sunday, most of the first work was done: the border to West Berlin was closed. The East German troops had begun to tear up streets and to install barbed wire entanglement and fences through Berlin. Between 1961 and today, the Berlin Wall saw many changes, and so did the people that it entrapped.
Hungary experienced not only Soviet occupation, but also political oppression and economic decline. Many were critical of Hungary’s problems due to Soviet control, especially political oppression. Hungary developed into a communist state under the severe, dictatorial rule of Mátyás Rákosi. During Rákosi’s control, the Security Police began a series of eliminations, starting with...
In 1945, most of the countries around the world are devastated further to World War II which had stroke the globe for six years. Only the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, also called USSR, seem to be in a stable economic situation despite weighty losses. Both states are considered to be the great winners of the war and this is the beginning of a confrontation between two superpowers but also the confrontation between two distinct ideologies: communism and capitalism.
The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union also led to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe as the countries became democratic. Works Cited Holt World History of the Human Journey. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003.ebookhttp://myhrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030667186. Macro History and World Report. Frank E. Smitha, 2000-2011http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch33-5.htm.
Janos, Andrew C. “What was Communism: A Retrospective in Comparative Analysis.” Communist and Post- Communist Studies Volume 29 (1996): 1-24. Print.