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Influences on emotional expression
Essay on Effects of Emotions on Facial Expression
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This literature review will aim to discuss the universality of facial expressions of emotion drawing up points from a biological social and psychological view. Focusing on the debate of whether universal facial expressions of emotion exist through the biological perspective and if they don’t through a social perspective. As a result the biological and social perspective will be both merged to clarify the presence of certain universal expressions or emotion and the absence of others. Thus touching upon Charles Darwin’s theory, an anthropological cultural perspective, studies with blind children, and a study on mirco-expression and corpse muscles and finally language as a limitation. Since Facial expressions are the communication of emotion. As well as emotional images stimulate facial expressions.
Firstly, the universality of emotion from a biological perspective will be discussed. Charles Darwin an evolutionary theorist, claimed that all human facial expressions are result of evolutionary means of survival for example an expression of anger would indicate a defensive state to warn off predators. Whereas a disgusted facial expression may be indicator of rotten food, something poisonous or pugnacious or unsuitable for consumption. It is important to note that Darwin suggested the relationship between communication and facial expressions (Face-and-emotion.com, 2014). This point also further explains the usefulness of facial expressions from psychological in terms of learning behaviour. An infant or another member of the group, would interpret that facial expression as disgust and realized that what was consumed is not suitable for digestion and should therefore be avoided.
Yet controversially, from a social point of view many exp...
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... an in-group advantage in emotion recognition?. American Psychological Association.
Face-and-emotion.com. (2014). Theories of emotion and emotional expression - the psychology of emotion. [online] Retrieved from: http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/emotion/theories.jsp [Accessed: 13 Feb 2014].
Gleitman, H., Reisberg, D., Gross, J. & Costa, R. C. (2009). Psicologia. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Jack, R. E., Blais, C., Scheepers, C., Schyns, P. G. & Caldara, R. (2009). Cultural confusions show that facial expressions are not universal. Current Biology, 19 (18), pp. 1543--1548.
Porter, S. & Ten Brinke, L. (2008). Reading between the lies identifying concealed and falsified emotions in universal facial expressions. Psychological Science, 19 (5), pp. 508--514.
Waller, B. M., Cray Jr, J. J. & Burrows, A. M. (2008). Selection for universal facial emotion. Emotion, 8 (3), p. 435.
Izard, C. E. The substrates and functions of emotion feelings: William James and current emotion theory (1990). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
see the first sign of emotions when "Their face did not move and they did not
Hess, U., & Thibault, P. (2009). Darwin and Emotion Expression. American Psychologist, 2, 120-124. doi:10.1037/a0013386
While communicating with another human being, one only has to examine the other’s face in order to comprehend what is being said on a much deeper level. It is said that up to 55 percent of a message’s meaning can be derived from facial expression (Subramani, 2010). These facial manipulations allow thoughts to be expressed in ways that are often difficult to articulate verbally, with the face demonstrating “the thoughts of the mind, and the feelings of the heart” (Singla). Many expressions are said to universal, particularly those showing happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and...
For instance, Goodall observed during her research that a male gorilla “would threaten [me] with an upward and backward movement jerk of his head.” Some of their emotions are easy to read, while at other times we have to look at multiple places on their faces to understand their feelings. A chimpanzee also uses facial expressions and sounds to communicate with each other, such as hoots and yells. On the contrary, human emotions are more complex than the chimpanzee’s emotions because we have a broad range of emotions to express.
A study was conducted to see people’s reactions to angry and sad faces of men and women. When these two faces were blended together, as in, the angry woman and sad woman were blended...
Vrij, Aldert, Lucy Akehurst, Stavroula Soukara, and Ray Bull. “Detecting Deceit Via Analyses of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in Children and Adults.” January 2004. Ohiolink. 7 April, 2004. <http://journals.ohiolink.edu/local-cgi/send-pdf/040314132256522215.pdf>
Plutchik, Robert (1980), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience: Vol. 1. Theories of emotion, 1, New York: Academic
Renner, T., Feldman, R., Majors, M., Morrissey, J., & Mae, L. (2011). States of Consciousness. Psychsmart (pp. 99-107). New York: McGraw-Hill.
One famous pioneer in this area is Ekman (1973 in Shiraev & Levy, 2007, 2004) who classified six basic facial expressions as being universal and reflecting most emotional states. They are happy, sad, anger, disgust, surprised and fearful. Ekman (1973) proposed that the universality of emotions allows individuals to empathise with others and enables us to read other’s feelings therefore emotions must serve an adaptive purpose hence supporting the claim that they are universal (Darwin, 1972 in John, Ype, Poortinga, Marshall & Pierre 2002). Moreover, emotions are widely accepted to accompany...
Due to the abstract nature of psi, as it impinges upon the organism outside of the normal modes of sensory encroaching on sensory organs, information, within the mind of the person manifests as various symbolic, or even literal, associations that are tacit in nature and non semantic. Semantic information is qualitative in nature which connects the dots in regards to meaning. Extrasensory information manife...
LeDoux, J. (1998). The emotional brain. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. (Chapter 4 will go on LN).
Any communication interaction involves two major components in terms of how people are perceived: verbal, or what words are spoken and nonverbal, the cues such as facial expressions, posture, verbal intonations, and other body gestures. Many people believe it is their words that convey the primary messages but it is really their nonverbal cues. The hypothesis for this research paper was: facial expressions directly impact how a person is perceived. A brief literature search confirmed this hypothesis.
Emotions play a significant part in our daily lives, especially to our overall wellbeing whenever we share these experiences with other people. The ability to express and interpret emotions is an important skill that everyone can improve on that would greatly benefit their interpersonal communication. Our expressions accompany our emotions; they serve as windows that allow other people to know what we are feeling inside. There are several factors that influence how we communicate our feelings.
fact how we behave and what we feel is only the tip of the iceberg. I