Job burnout has been conceptualized in many different ways; however the most cited definition is “a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of others, and a feeling of reduced personal accomplishment” (Lee and Ashforth, 2009, p.743). It is a condition that is on the rise among workers today. Burnout is a type of stress response most commonly displayed by individuals who have intense contact and involvement with others during the course of their normal workday. Traditionally, burnout was seen as occurring solely within the “helping” professions such as nursing and education; however, it is now seen as a widespread issue. Originally, burnout was studied from an emotional arousal perspective; however, empirical research began to emerge in the late 1970s and early 1980s (Cordes and Dougherty, 1993). This review will look at the 3 major components of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Additionally, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the relationship between burnout and stress will be reviewed. Finally, the major causes and consequences of burnout will be presented. This first component, or phase, of burnout is emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion is considered to be the most important of the three components. It is “characterized by a lack of energy and a feeling that one’s emotional resources are used up. This . . . may coexist with feelings of frustration and tension . . .” (Cordes and Dougherty, 1993, p.623). Leiter and Maslach (2008) note that emotional exhaustion “refers to feelings of being emotionally overextended and drained by one’s contact with other people” (p. 297). This emotional exhaustion can manifest itself in physical characteristics such as wak... ... middle of paper ... ...gical Concerns. Group and Organization Studies, 14(1), 23-32. Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621-656. Koeske, G. F., Kirk, S. A., & Koeske, R. D. (1993) Coping with Job Stress: Which Strategies Work Best? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66(4), 319-335. Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (2009). On the Meaning of Maslach’s Three Dimensions of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(6), 743-747. Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2008). The Impact of Interpersonal Environment on Burnout and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9(4), 297-308. Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). The Truth About Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What to do About It. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Shuttleworth, A., (2004). Managing workplace stress: how training can help. Industrial and Commercial Training, 36 (2), 61 – 65.
...g however, there have been a few questions that have begun to surface in my mind. Why do some things in our lives cause us stress, something as simple as looking in the mirror too much? Why are we islands, and why shouldn’t we strive to be with people all the time? With these questions and the different thoughts that come alive within me, I begin to have a clearer understanding of myself, and what I believe. Through this book, I have been provoked to thought; to a consciousness I have never felt before. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, through her eloquent and poetic style, has brought me to enjoy meditating on the issues in my life. She has brought an inner peace to my life that I have never felt. It has allowed me to go on a vacation to the sea. It has allowed me to absorb the timeless lessons she offered. I hope you choose to go along on the journey with her too.
Smith, R. E. (1986). Toward a cognitive affective model of athletic burnout. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 36-50.
Most cases of censorship have been driven by a fear of vice. Many early feminists who published pamphlets about methods of birth control were censored and their writing was rejected as sexually explicit. In 1914 a woman named Margaret Sanger started a pamphlet called “The Woman Rebel” which was an advocate of, and informer about birth control. Her pamphlet was suppressed by the United States Post office and deemed inappropriate. There has also be question about whether sexual expression should be treated the same as political or religious expression.
The article examined many studies conducted to measure stress and burnout in nurses and found that the environment and conditions in the workplace have a great deal to do with the perceived stress levels. In the article, it speaks of the definition of stress as being a negative factor that is perceived to pose a threat to the perceiver. This definition goes on to state that one person may see an event as stressful, while another may view the same situation as exhilarating. The important part of this “new definition” is that we can choose, by manipulation of our attitudes, to view our lives as stress filled or an enjoyable ride. One’s perception is a big factor in workplace stress.
To understand censorship, you have to start at the beginning. Censorship, no matter the definition, is when people who have power, wish to limit the knowledge of what we are receiving, or what we are expressing. We have not always had the rights we had now. Benjamin Franklins brother and employer, was actually arrested and lost his printing license for expressing criticism in his newspaper about politics. Censorship was going strong in the Revolutionary era, when British Loyalists tarred and feathered people who spoke against Britain. Even back then, we lived in a country where our own opinions, if deemed wrong by the powerful, were quickly put to an end.
Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2011 defines burnout as a psychological process, brought about by unrelieved work stress that results in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling of decreased accomplishment. Examples of emotional exhaustion includes; feeling drained by work, fatigue in the morning, frustrated, and do not want to work with others. Depersonalization is when a person has become emotionally hardened by their job, treat others like objects, do not care what happens to them, and feel others blame them. A low feeling of accomplishment also results from burnout. A person is unable to deal with problems effectively, identify or understand others problems, and no longer feel excited by their job. (Ivancevich et al., 2011).
Burnout is a highly unusual type of stress disorder that is essentially characterized by emotional exhaustion, lack of empathy with patients, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishments. The nature of the work that healthcare practitioners perform predisposes them to emotional exhaustion. On the other hand, the lack of empathy towards patients is caused by the nurses feeling that they are underpaid and unappreciated. Numerous researches have associated burnout with the increasing rate of nurse turnover. This paper explores the causes of burnouts in nurses as well as what can be done to prevent the them.
The nursing profession is one of the most physically, emotionally, and mentally taxing career fields. Working long shifts, placing other’s needs before your own, dealing with sickness and death on a regular basis, and working in a high stress environment are all precursors to developing occupational burnout in the nursing profession. Burnout refers to physical, emotional and mental exhaustion, which can lead to an emotionally detached nurse, who feels hopeless, apathetic, and unmotivated. Burnout extends beyond the affected nurse and begins to affect the care patients receive. Researchers have found that hospitals with high burnout rates have lower patient satisfaction scores (Aiken et al 2013). There are various measures that nurses can take
This paper compares the works of Patrick Lencioni’s The Three Signs of a Miserable Job (2007) with Influencer (2013) authored by Joseph Grenny, Kerry Patterson, David Maxfield, Ron McMillan, and Al Switzler with the intent of illustrating the complimentary applicability to improve employee morale and development, talent retention, and overall business success. In a world of growing job discontentment, despite a rising number of American college graduates, it remains the leader’s obligation to understand what drives behavior and to put together winning strategies to equip themselves and their team(s) with the influential tools necessary to nurture inevitably vibrant communities.
Burnout, as a phenomenon experienced in helping professions, has largely been documented. Maslach and Leiter (2008) detail predictors of job burnout in their longitudinal study. Four hundred and sixty-six organizational employees completed measures that evaluated work-life and burnout twice across a one-year period. Of the participants, 186 were female and 255 were male, and ages ranged from 18 to 60 years old. The authors found that 8 themes appeared to influence movement on a burnout-engagement continuum. These 8 themes included: workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. Individuals who had inconsistent scores from time one to time two were likely to experience burnout. Specifically, those that reported burnout were found to report exhaustion and cynicism in the measures. The authors suggest individualized interventions like
The workplace in general is an essential part of a person’s life to make a living. People will work over a third of their life to fulfil needs such as bill, groceries, and personal needs. For majority of the population, there isn’t much of a problem when they are at work; their manager treats everyone fairly, pay rate is adequate, and they keep their private and public work separate from each other. The rest of the population unfortunately don’t have this fortune. Pay rates vary among colleagues, managers aren’t effective leaders, and the private life might become public in the workforce. This can lead to stress outside the workplace which can be harmful towards an individual’s health. This problem is an epidemic for some companies and poor
Happell, Martin, and Pinikahana (2007) also argue in their research that “despite the strength of discourse and debate in relation to stress and burnout in psychiatric nursing, limited research has been conducted in this area” (p. 40). Although a handful of studies (Cañadas et al., 2013, Dickinson and Wright, 2008; Happell, Martin, and Pinikahana, 2007, Ewers et al., 2001) agree that burnout reduces employee effectiveness which can compromise quality of care provided for the patient, there is still little research and support in this
However, in recent years, burnouts have been noticed outside of work: marriages, athletes, but in particular, students. When being examined, students were ranked middle to upper level of the burnout scale compared to educators, counselors, nurses and, emergency medical service (EMS) responders. This has indicated that students are experiencing burnouts during their learning process. Student burnout can lead to a high number of absences, less motivation to do work that is required, or even drops out of school. This is evident that student burnout has a negative impact on academic learning. There are several reasons on the importance of student burnout: student burnout may be the underlying key to understanding student behaviors during their studies, student burnout may also influence their relationships, and the frequency of student burnout may affect the general reputation of the institution for new students. Student academic burnout has been explored in the relation of three factors. Those factors are as listed: a low sense of achievement; the decline feeling of proficiency and the want to be able to succeed, depersonalization; the unsettling feelings of detachment, and emotional exhaustion; the feeling of your inner resources being drained. As a college student that has experienced academic burnout, I can say that the three factors; a low sense of achievement, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion are all true. The feeling of academic burnout is tiring. It makes you feel as if you are weak, and all you want to do is sleep. Academic burnout feels as if all of a sudden you can’t comprehend anything and there is a fog that you cannot see beyond. Academic burnout, however, is not just because of me not understanding the
Since people are always dealing with certain changes in their lives, they are always dealing with some type of stress. One of the biggest growing issues with stress is stress in the workplace. According to Northwestern National Life, one-fourth of employees view their jobs as the number one stressor in their lives (“Stress at Work,” 1999).... ... middle of paper ...