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Great Britain, an Ally-loyal nation in the Second World War, depended heavily on a priceless resource, oil, to immobilize its forces against the Axis powers. A place of interest for oil discovery was Iran, a jackpot of oil grounds ("Cold War Museum"). Realizing Britain may take over their oil fields, Iran elected its new prime minister, Mohammed Mosaddeq, to support the new law and nationalize its oil supply. Stepping up to defend its authority, Britain warns Iran with sanctions ("History of Iran: A Short Account of 1953 Coup"). Mosaddeq, a nationalist who is now in command, declines to back down from the position he holds. Because Mosaddeq was looking to improve the country and nationalize its oil production, the aggressive nation of Britain felt threatened, asking the United States elites of the C.I.A. to help in the takedown of the regime.
Iran was the center of oil discovery, drilling, and exportation in the Middle East, providing many countries with a priceless necessity. Surrounded by the chaos of a huge bonanza, the Anglo Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) was able to make billions off of its top competing export ("History of Iran: A Short Account of 1953 Coup"). The beginning of the 1950s proved that this company was a huge success for the country of Iran. It benefited approximately one hundred and seventy million pounds (regional currency) due to the amount of oil it had sold to interacting countries. Close to thirty percent of their revenue was achieved through the taxes that were applied to oil sales ("Overthrow of the Iranian Government"). According to the Cold War Museum, the income was brought in at the cost of Iranians who worked all day and night, to receive very little from the jackpots that the Anglo Iranian ...
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...th the regime of Mohammed Mosaddeq, the C.I.A. was able to return home, confident in its first coup d’état operation.
Works Cited
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"Overthrow of the Iranian Government." The Cold War Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
"Summary." New York Times. Ed. Malcolm Byrne. N.p., 29 Nov. 2000. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
"The C.I.A. in Iran: The Coup." The New York Times. N.p., 2000. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
"The C.I.A. in Iran: The Success." The New York Times. N.p., 2000. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
"The First Try." The New York Times. Ed. Malcolm Byrne. N.p., 29 Nov. 2000. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
"The Shah Is Victorious." The New York Times. Ed. Malcolm Byrne. N.p., 29 Nov. 2000. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
Risen, James. "The C.I.A. in Iran." The New York Times. N.p., 2000. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
Kinzer tells us that the Iranians celebrated their nationalism in taking control of their oil, but their success was a shock to the British multinational companies in Iran. They did not like the idea of Iran nationalization, so they plan a coup to overthrow the Prime Minister Mossadegh. But this plan failed and the British were disarmed and sent back to their country closing down their embassy in Iran. The British tried to present their case to the United State in a way that the United State would intervene. So they presented a case that Mossaghe is not only nationalizing the Iranians oil, he is also leading Iran into communism. This case stirred the American action and they feared if they assassinate Mossaghe, his seat will be open and communist ...
For decades, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East had depended on a friendly government in Iran. The newly appointed leader, the shah of Iran, began Westernizing the country and taking away power from the Ayatollah, powerful religious leaders. The United States poured millions of dollars into Iran’s economy and the shah’s armed forces, overlooking the rampant corruption in government and well-organized opposition. By early 1979, the Ayatollah had murdered the Shah and taken back power of the government. A group of students who took the American embassy hostage on November 4th, 1979, turned the embassy over to the religious leaders. Carter knew he must take action in order to regain the American embassy and the hostages, but with all of the military cutbacks, the rescue attempt was a complete failure and embarrassment. It took the United States 444 days to rescue the hostages. This was the final straw for many Americans, and enough to push them to the “right” side of the political spectrum, Republican.
America and Iran had tricked the Soviets which left them very angry, and this inevitably led to the Cold War. But less than a decade later, America had done something which caused Iran to change their opinion of them. In 1951, Iran had recently elected a prime minister by the name, Mohammed Mosaddeq, which he nationalized the countryś petroleum industry, long the domain of the British-dominated AIOC. This move, however, pitted the two governments against each other in a bitter political fight. The Truman administration had tried to work between both sides, but Dwight Eisenhower had quickly concluded that Mosaddeq represented the problem rather than the solution to the crisis. They decided that they wanted him out and later he was kicked out and Mohammad Reza Shah took his place for the next twenty-five years. Shah not only gained access to sophisticated American weaponry, but also obtained tacit White House permission to forgo any serious effort at reform. Over the years, the internal resentment against the Shahś political and economic policies was building to a peak, but the depth of the problem escaped the notice of American
Walsh, Lawrence E. Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-Up. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc, 1997.
Clyne-Canham, John. “Business as Usual: Iran-Contra and the National Security State”. World Policy Journal, vol. 9, No. 4. 1992, pp. 617-637
A few years later in 1979 the Islamic revolution began, causing the Shah to flee (introduction pages one and two).
Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday, 2007. Print.
The "Iran-Contra Affair. " The Encyclopedia of the Cold War: Political, Social, and Military History. Ed. Spencer C. Tucker, b. 1875.
Iran is a nation that, due to its diabolical deeds, demands constant surveillance. Consequently, the slightest remark relating to the Iranian Nuclear Program triggers fear within the United States Government. The Program is infamous for the controversial use of nuclear facilities and research sites. David Ignatius writes in his novel, The Increment, about a clandestine effort by the United States to stop the Iranian production of weapons-grade nuclear materials. The novel commences in Tehran, Iran, with a scientist who works for the Iranian nuclear program. The scientist, named Karim Molavi, is distraught with his country’s government because his father, a martyr, was killed by the national military. To compensate for his rage, Karim sends
The Iranian government is fighting a losing battle against a rapidly growing Western force. Although Iran is not physically waging war against the United States, the government is fighting to eradicate its increasing cultural influence in Iran. The young, Iranian population is currently speaking out against the Islamic Republic’s attempts to rid the country of Western culture, demanding more freedom and less censorship, similar to how Marjane Satrapi acts out against the regime in Persepolis.
In the 1970’s Iran, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was a very centralized military state that maintained a close relationship with the USA. The Shah was notoriously out of touch with working class Iranians as he implemented many controversial economic policies against small business owners that he suspected involved profiteering. Also unrestricted economic expansions in Iran lead to huge government expenditure that became a serious problem when oil prices dropped in the mid 1970’s. This caused many huge government construction projects to halt and the economy to stall after many years of massive profit. Following this was high rates of inflation that affected Iranians buying power and living standards. (Afary, 2012) Under the Shah, political participation was not widely available for all Iranians and it was common for political opposition to be met with harassment, illegal detention, and even torture. These measures were implemented by the Iranian secret police knows as ‘SAVAK’. This totalitarian regime combined with the increasing modernisation of the country paved the way for revolution.
Maghen, Z. (2009, January). Eradicating the "Little Satan": Why Iran Should Be Taken at Its
Development. by Fred Halliday; The Rise and Fall of the Shah. by Amin Saikal; Iran:
Ever the shrewd leader, Hussein realized that the primary way to ensure stability was to increase the standard of living. The fi...
Griffith, William E. “The Revial of Islamic Fundamentalism: the Case of Iran.” International Security. Volume 4, Issue 1, 1979, 132-138.