Haymarket Affair: The Haymarket affair (also known as the Haymarket Massacre or Haymarket riot) was a bombing at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. At Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois, a bomb was thrown at a squad of policemen attempting to break up a labor rally. The police responded with wild gunfire, killing several people in the crowd and injuring dozens more. The demonstration, which drew some 1,500 Chicago workers, was organized by German-born labor radicals in protest of the killing of a striker by the Chicago police the day before. Midway into the rally, which had thinned out because of rain, a force of nearly 200 policemen arrived to disperse the workers. As the police advanced toward
the 300 remaining protesters, an individual who was never positively identified threw a bomb at them. After the explosion and subsequent police gunfire, more than a dozen people lay dead or dying, and close to 100 were injured. The Haymarket Square Riot set off a national wave of xenophobia, as hundreds of foreign-born radicals and labor leaders were rounded up in Chicago and elsewhere. A grand jury eventually indicted 31 suspected labor radicals in connection with the bombing, and eight men were convicted in a sensational and controversial trial. Judge Joseph E. Gary imposed the death sentence on seven of the men, and the eighth was sentenced to 15 years in prison. On November 11, 1887, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fischer, August Spies, and Albert Parson were executed.
Before the Boston Massacre even occurred, tensions were high in the city of Boston between the Bostonians and the British. At this time people were just getting over the Stamp Act and were now angered by the new taxes also known as the Townshend Duties. This new tax caused Bostonians to become more aggressive causing the British to send more soldiers to impose the laws of Parliament and to restore order among the people. The arrival of more soldiers only caused more of an uproar between the people of Boston and the red coats. Bostonians went out of their way to harass British soldiers whenever they got the chance, but on March 5, 1770 both sides acted unacceptably resulting in the Boston Massacre (84-85).
On May 4th 1970, when rallies surfaced again in the commons area, tear gas was used to disperse the crowd. The conflict between students and the National Guard had begun to expand, and the cursing and rock throwing were increasing the tension in the air. The Guard ordered the students to retreat and as the crowds began to break up, it appeared the Guard was also retreating. Then shots were heard. The Guard for reasons unknown had to turn back and open fire at a crowd of students. Within thirteen seconds, four students were dead and nine wounded. One student who was killed was Allison Krause, who had been the only one of the four killed that was actually involved in the demonstrations.
The open shop movement was an attempt on the part of corporations, trade associations, chambers of commerce, and their political supporters to weaken the organized labor movement by requiring employees to work in an open or nonunion workplace. Gains in labor union membership in the early 20th century prompted sharp responses from employers and businessmen, and antiunion organizations such as the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) and the American Anti-Boycott Association organized campaigns at both the local and national level aimed against strikes, boycotts, and political action among workers. Although the majority of employers had long opposed labor unions and resisted the closed or union shop (whereby workers were required to join the union as a condition of their employment), the open shop movement began in earnest in response to the wave of labor unrest that followed World War I.
The first event was with the Industrial Workers of World (IWW), where they were blamed by Tulsan’s in bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. It began on “October 29, 1917”, when the home of a wealthy oilman was bombed in Tulsa. There were little clues to be found but as Scott Ellsworth reports in his book Death in a Promised Land, “The newspapers were pointing the blame to the IWW”(25). The secretary of the IWW was going to be the spokes person for the twelve members of the IWW in court, with the accusation of bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. Ellsworth reports:
In Stephen Nissenbaum’s article, “ An Insurrection That Never Happened: ‘The Christmas Riots’,” he presents a somewhat convincing analysis of the social inequality, lack of government unison, and political movements to prove reconstruction was never completed. He does this by first explaining an example of the christmas riots, then continues to show its relevance and interpret it in the more general history of the time. Nissenbaum states, “The story of the ‘Christmas Riots’ of 1865 is a microcosm of the entire period that became known as reconstruction, the years between 1865 and 1877. It was a period of great hopes for the freedmen, hopes that were dashed, then raised, then dashed once again.”
Firstly, (re-presentation) the media language used to describe the initial events of the riots was exaggerated. Strong words/phrases like, “Anarchy”, “The Battle Of London”, and “the rule of the mob” or “Police and the riot blunders” were the headlines on widely distributed newspapers. These exaggerated headlines make it seem as if that there was a political motive behind these riots and that the riots were planned attacks (rebellion) to take over the country’s capital. Furthermore, the rioters were described as young and opportunist people who were benefiting from the looting. The media also reported the different types of merchandise the looters had obtained in the course of the riots. Images of looters posing in front of the merchandize they had obtained were shown in the media and this tempted others to participate in the riots as well because the merchandise looked so easy to
How far do you think you would go to show your support for your favorite celebrity and to fight against the social classes? Well, some people would start a riot; The Astor Place Riot was a riot that occurred May 10, 1849. It happened in Manhattan, New York with the lower class taking a stand mostly against the upper class. It started primarily because of one man’s performance at the Astor Opera House, William Charles Macready. According to the Off the Grid Blog, the whole conflict began because of rivalry between Macready and another Shakespeare actor, Edwin Forest (Apman). The whole ordeal left many dead and injured, and how it all started is actually quite interesting.
When 10,000 people mobbed the outside of the Astor Place Opera House in 1849, over 20 people were left dead and 100 injured, including military and townspeople. A botched attempt by rioters resulted in action by a higher force. “In the midst of this scene of clamor and outrage, was heard the clatter of a troop of hose approaching the scene. ‘The military—the military are coming!’ was the exclamation of the crowd” (Account of the Terrific and Fatal Riot, p.p. 6). The events of this night caused society to take a closer look into how the setup of government was affecting the people. The Astor Place Riot changed American society’s outlook on how citizens should be treated.
Bloody Sunday was a big impact of Nationalism, what started out as a peaceful march of Petersburg workers marching to the Winter Palace led by Father Gapon turned out to be a nightmare. The marchers wanted to establish an eight hour work day, establish minimum wage, and assemble a constitution, while the marchers marched they was fired upon by Russian troops and several hundred marchers was killed. People believed that Bloody Sunday happened under Nicholas II because he could not be found when the marchers were marching to the Winter Palace causing Russian troops to panic. The result of Bloody Sunday caused riots to break out; forming the councils of workers in St. Petersburg and Moscow and the bond between Nicholas II and the people was broken causing October Manifesto. A result of a short term solution October Manifesto was granted, which was a constitution to stop the riots. The primary intentions of the October Manifesto were to divide the revolutionaries.
It was the age of Victoria, it was the age of empire, it was the age of imperialism, it was the age of doubt, it was the age of growth, it was the age of oppression—in short the period was a time of growth and power such that it affected the lives of even the most menial citizen of Britain. Britain was going through a time of dramatic population growth. Imperialism was also growing at a steady rate due to the population growth. Britain had to import increasing amounts of food from its vast colonies, which brought to light many questions of ethical consumerism. Ethical consumerism is based on the idea if a consumer chooses a certain product, the consumer “can embrace of reject particular environmental and labour practices” (“Ethical Consumerism”). The colonies were not the only sources of questionable consumerism: women and their place in society were becoming evermore impacted by consumerism. In 1862, while Britain was immersed in the Victorian Era, the first poetry collection
During a strike on May in 1886 four strikers were died because of a violent clash happened with city police and strike breakers at the McCormick Harvester Works. The next day in the ceremony at the Haymarket Square someone threw a bomb wounding sixty-six policemen, of whom seven died. August Spies was one of eight anarchists who were detained by the police based on scant evidence. August Spies wrote this passionate political autobiography in 1866 during his trial for the Haymarket bombing.
Consumerism came into its own throughout the 1920s as a result of mass production, new products on the market, and improved advertising techniques. With more leisure time available and money to spend, Americans were eager to own the latest items. Advertisers used this to their advantage, often stressing luxury and convenience. Through mediums like radio and print advertisements, consumer culture was more visible than ever before.
For a long time, the gay community was pushed underground, not considering its potential at a time when many other marginalized groups where fighting for their own right. Women protested their right to vote and black Americans protested their right to be treated equally, and the gay community frustratingly accepted the laws that pushed them to the edges, mixing them in with the drug world and sex trafficking. While many people did start to form groups in hiding, it would not be until the late sixties that people made great changes in popular opinion. In 1969, while the bar called the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village in New York City was being raided by police, a five-day riot occurred that set off what would be considered the spark for the
Retail stores and websites compete with each other every year on Black Friday and Cyber Monday to see who will offer the best deals and sell the most product. Customers will find different stores to shop at if the deals don’t appeal to them as much. It seems to me that over the years, stores like Best Buy, Wal-Mart, and Amazon have always competed for more customers by trying to offer the best Black Friday prices. Personally, I have found that Best Buy significantly discounts items for Black Friday and Cyber Monday. When I needed to purchase a new cell phone, I decided to do it on Black Friday and I ended up finding the best deal at Best Buy. The phone that I purchased was triple the price after Black Friday and no other store sold the same
The concept of grocery stores and supermarkets industry is an idea that has been created in order to make easier human`s life. According to the study “The Evolution of the Supermarket Industry From A&P to Wal-Mart” by Ellickson, who explains that a century ago people had to jump from one store to another store in order to get different products such as milk, meat, bread and other products. In addition, in the article “Understanding Groceries Industry” by The Reinvestment Fund, they state that back in a day the concept of grocery stores was created based on the owner`s store needs. Later on, as the development of the society and the standards of customer needs increased, the owners of the grocery stores started to be more focused on their customer needs. Also, the study of “Understanding Groceries Industry” shows that the supermarket and grocery stores industry is in their mature stage as they have developed an extensive and solid customer service.