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In this essay, I am going to analyze the process of creating a nation in Cuba, Brazil and Mexico respectively. I am going to give a profound examination of Latin American’s struggle to become a nation. Moreover, this paper will compare and contrast critical topics such as the abolition of slavery in Brazil, racial issues and war in Cuba and social revolution in Mexico.
The main similarities between the abolition of slavery in Brazil, racial issues and war in Cuba and social revolution in Mexico are their struggle to gain equal opportunity for all people living in the same land. For instance, in Cuba the independence movement affected the ideas of race and identity. Black and White Cubans fought to get independence from Spain and to end African slavery. During Thirty years of time, Cuban population fought Spanish army in three major wars, such as, the Ten Years' War (1868–1878), the Guerra Chiquita (1879–1880), and the Spanish-Cuban War of 1895. This significant wars led by white and black revolutionary leaders, intellectuals and journalists, guide them to identify Cuban nationhood and nationality. They visualized an independent Cuba as a culturally democratic society. In the captivating book “Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution” Ada Ferrer makes known that description of race, slavery, and the place of black people in the revolution changed dramatically with the appearance of Cuban patriotism in the late 19th century. The influences of leaders like Jose Marti help to view black insurgents as constructed color-blind nationalists dedicated to the freedom of Cuba and not as slaves and ex-slaves trying to bring down the regime of slavery and require equal rights. “Marti never linked these dangers to black participation itse...
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...asic standard of living. The two most well-known insurgent leaders were Francisco “Pancho Villa” and Emiliano Zapata. “He fought for few years in the shadow of others, but became Mexico’s most famous commander.” (Gonzales, p.126) Pancho Villa was Mexican ground-breaking leader who supported the poor and wanted reorganize the country so it could become a healthier nation for all Mexicans. Mexico effort to become an improved nation is a common objective that many countries struggle to achieve like in Brazil and Cuba.
In conclusion, without any doubt Mexico Brazil and Cuba are countries that went through difficult times to create a well develop nation. These countries were struggling to unite their population under a common set of rules and values. Nations are shaped when a uniqueness of familiar descent, language, ethnicity, morals, history or belief is achieved.
This paper will be exploring the book The Vanguard of the Atlantic World by James Sanders. This book focuses upon the early 1800 to the 1900 and explores the development of South American political system as well expresses some issues that some Latino counties had with Europe and North America. Thus, Sanders focus is on how Latin America political system changes throughout this certain time and how does the surrounding countries have an effect as well on Latin political system. Therefore, the previous statement leads into some insight on what the thesis of the book is. Sanders thesis is, “Latin American’s believed they represented the future because they had adopted Republicanism and democracy while Europe was in the past dealing with monarchs
6. Love, Edgar F. “Negro Resistance to Spanish Rule in Colonial Mexico.” The Journal of Negro History 52, no. 2 (1967): 89-103.
Within Aline Helg’s book titled, Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912, she includes many historical events that serve as a foundation for her arguments in order to emphasize the "black struggle for equality" starting in the late 19th century and according to her, still transpiring today. These events are, the formation of the first black independent political party called the, Partido Independiente de Color (146), the United States’ role during intervention and the black struggle to overcome the system of racial hierarchies that had developed in Cuba. Blacks had to fight for equality while simultaneously being, "…accused of racism and antinationalism". (145) According to Helg, this placed an undue burden on the black groups that were organizing to demand their "rightful share" because it made divided the goals of their plight into many different facets, thus yielding a lack of unity necessary for their success. During the United States’ intervention, Cuban nationalism as a whole was threatened which also served to downplay the importance of demands being made by the Partido’s leader, Estenoz. The United States displayed a greater concern on the affirmation of its power as an international police, rather than allying its resources to help the indignant and discriminated Afro-Cubans. All of these circumstances illustrate the extremities of the political and social institutions that the Afro-Cubans attempted to defeat but could not. They also exemplify the perpetuation of the black struggle, and how it affected and continues to affect the lives of Afro-Cubans in present-day Cuba.
For four hundred years Spain ruled over an immense and profitable global empire that included islands in the Caribbean, Americas, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. After the Napoleonic Wars (1808-1815) many of Spain’s colonies followed the US’s lead, fighting and winning their independence. These revolts, coupled with other nations chipping away at Spain’s interests, dwindled Spain’s former Empire. By 1860, only Cuba and Puerto Rico were what remained of Spain’s former Empire. Following the lead of other former Spanish colonies, Cuban fighters started their campaign for independence, known as the Ten year war (1868-1878). This war developed into a Cuban insurgency which fought a guerilla war against the Spanish occupation.2
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, tensions in Cuba were rapidly rising. The Cuban Ten Year’s War from 1868 to 1878 had sparked a fire for independence from Spain with the natives. In 1892, José Julián Martí y Pérez formed El Partido Revolucionario Cubano, or the Cuban Revolutionary party. The Cuban independence movement known as Ejército Libertador de Cuba began in February of 1895 with the motto, “Independencio o Muerte” (Independence or Death). Multiple minor battles between Cuba and Spain took place that year. (Library of Congress)
…their goal was probably not only independence from Spain but also the creation of a new society in which they would fully participate. Blacks rebelled against racism and inequality, landless peasants regardless of race stood up for land, popular cabecillas wanted political power, and orientales in general hoped to gain control of their region’s destiny. The potential for the war to become a social revolution was strong indeed. [57]
Pancho Villa was an important factor in the Mexican Revolution and its beginnings. He was one of the first revolutionaries to fight against the Mexican government, and successfully evaded and won fights against the United States government. His greatest achievement was the amount of influence he delivered the poor, and empowered them to fight for their rights. Although Pancho Villa is known to be a rebel and a bandit, he wasn’t born into a life of crime.
Today I bring to your forefront of thought, the island of Hispaniola. This island is the namesake for the two countries who run the land, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Both nations hail from a joint introduction into the world market and post-European colonization, but as time progressed, each one had a different outlook to the world stage. The present day Dominican Republic and Haiti are worlds apart on an island which keeps them together. Their culture is separated by the colonial residuals that lay imbedded into their communities. They are on different sides of the spectrum of structural growth due to the resulting outcomes from decades of political ruling and policy making. On one side we have the second independent state of the Americas,
Burns, E. B., & Charlip, J. A. (2007). Latin America: an interpretive history (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
THESIS : “ The United States didn’t want to get involved in the Spanish-American War, but was dragged into it due to yellow journalism, they wanted to control the seas, and wanted complete control over Cuba.”
Mignolo, W. D. (2005). The Idea of Latin America (pp. 1-94). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
In 1895, American citizens took notice of a Cuban revolt against their corrupt Spanish oppressor. The Cuban insurgents reasoned that if they did enough damage, the US might move in and help the Cubans win their independence. Not only did Americans sympathize with the Cubans upon seeing tragic reports in the newspaper, but they also empathized that the US once fought for their own independence from Britain. If France didn’t intervene, the Americans probably would not have won their freedom. As if this did not rally enough hate for the Spanish among the American Public, fuel was added to the flame by the Spanish General (“Butcher”)
Doroteo Arango Arambula, better known as Pancho Villa was an intelligent man that had the chance to defeat the oppressive corrupt Mexican government. Pancho Villa was born into a lower-class family that worked in the fields. He later became a revolutionary figure that went from being poor into a well-known revolutionary hero for many of the Mexican people. Pancho Villa was able to outsmart troops to help peasants and fight for the equality in Mexico. In his earlier life he committed many crimes that he could not make up for, but when it came to his revolutionary war commander skills he was unstoppable. Pancho Villa became a very important factor in the Mexican revolution due to his involvement in it. He was one of the first revolutionaries
...er the revolution, the mentality of the people of San Domingo was foreover changed. Slavery would never be accepted again by the inhabitants. "Any regime which tolerated such practices was doomed, for the revolution had created a new race of men" (242). This new race of men were aware of their self-importance. "There was no need to be ashamed of being a black. The revolution had awakened them, had given them the possibility of achievement, confidence and pride. That psychological weakness, that feeling of inferiority with which the imperialists poison colonial peoples everywhere, these were gone" (244).
Scholars have debated not only the nature of Iberian colonialism, but also the impact that independence had on the people of Latin America. Historian Jaime E. Rodriguez said that, “The emancipation of [Latin America] did not merely consist of separation from the mother country, as in the case of the United States. It also destroyed a vast and responsive social, political, and economic system that functioned well despite many imperfections.” I believe that when independence emerged in Latin America, it was a positive force. However, as time progressed, it indeed does cause conflict.