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Qualitative research methods strengths and weaknesses
Qualitative and quantitative research method introduction
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
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Methodology
Secondary research
When considering how to meet their objectives and to answer their research questions, some of the researchers consider the possibility of re-analysing data, and then they use the data that was not gathered directly and purposefully for the project consideration but have already been collected for some other purpose. They are known as secondary data (Hair Jr, Celsi, Money, Samouel, &, Page, 2011, p.111; Saunders, Lewis, &, Thornhill, 2000, p. 188).
There are number of advantages and disadvantages of secondary data.
Advantages include;
1. More convenient, cost effective and time saving
2. Easy access to the data
3. Best for longitudinal studies
4. Data can be comparative
5. Can lead to unexpected new discoveries
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It provides insights in to the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses. Qualitative data comes from nature, and it has implications for both its collection and its analysis. However it deals with huge number of raw data such as visual data, observation and documents and interviews with individuals (QRCA, 2015; Saunders, Lewis, &, Thornhill, 2000, p. 188).
There are some strength and weaknesses in qualitative research:
Advantages of qualitative research include;
1. It focuses on the operation of social process in considerable depth.
2. It gives broader picture of a large set of people.
3. Allow researchers a degree of flexibility in the conduct of particular study.
4. It enables researchers to make connections between different aspects of people’s lives.
Disadvantages of qualitative research include;
1. Collection and analysis of this data can be time consuming and expensive.
2. It requires training and experience.
3. Hard to find reliable data.
4. It involves small number of participant so it is less likely to be taken serious.
(Giffin, n.d.; Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2005, pp.
Qualitative research aims to gather information from data collection methods and transform it into written words. Such as transcribing recorded interviews, taking field notes from observations, using words to outline images (Denscombe, 1998, p. 174). On the other hand, quantitative research aims to gather information from data collection methods and transform it into numbers. Such as analysing conducted surveys and pulling numbers to transform it into statistics, tables and graphs (Denscombe, 1998, p.174-177).
Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007).
Qualitative data analysis requires a logical approach in order to interpolate data into useful information. Participants, and any further obtainable data that will shed light on the studied phenomenon should base the analysis on the objectives of the study, and the response.
Qualitative and quantitative data provide researchers statistical data and narrative data of individuals participating. In learning about the LGBT population, I gathered qualitative data from scholarly research articles via the internet. Qualitative data collected from scholarly articles provided statistics of LGBT population in higher education. Data collected for my diversity experience is qualitative data from studies performed by other researchers, and from notes taken before, during, and after the experience. I relied on observational data collection during the event (thinking, listening and watching), paying close attention to the people who chose to attend the event, and how they interacted in the venue with each other and with the lecturer.
As social workers there will be numerous times in which one must do research on a certain topic or case they are working on. When conducting both qualitative and quantitative research, there is a logical sequence of events; both types articulating a clear problem statement must precede all other tasks (Yegidis, Weinbach, & Myers, 2012, p. 55). If one does not have a clear problem statement, then the results may not be exactly what one is looking to achieve. Time is a precious entity, whether you are a client, researcher, social worker, whatever the case; one must a clear research problem so that time is not wasted on other aspects that have nothing to do with the end result. Conducting research can be an intense process, in using the proper
Today the use of technology has become embedded into our daily lives. Most of western civilization has access to a piece of technology at any given point of time. In recent years, technology has started to play a significant role in the area of research. Quantitative research was quickly adapted and aided by technology due to the use of number variables, but the same was not true for qualitative research. In recent years, qualitative research was revolutionized by Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) software. Although, QDA software has a great deal of positive aspect, there are drawbacks in the utilization.
Secondary source of data such as books, journal and articles for the research have been used.
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
The data is then analysed and made available for other companies. When using secondary data, care must be taken in ensuring the information is correct. The data analysis and presentation may be affected by the way the data has been collected. Secondary research methods include the Internet, textbooks, magazines, newspapers and reports. I am using secondary research because it saves time.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
This essay intends to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research which addresses young people and bullying using two journal articles. The first article (quantitative) aims to “establish the relationship between recurrent peer victimisation and the onset of reported symptoms of anxiety or depression in the early teen years” (Bond et al. 2001, p. 480) while the second article (qualitative) aims to “investigate the nature of teenage girls’ indirect aggression” (Owens et al. 2000, p. 70).The two articles will be critically compared in terms of research design, methods used, approach to data analysis, reported results and the plausibility and appropriateness of the conclusions and recommendations posed. The aim of this essay is thus to evaluate and assess the methods of social science research currently undertaken in published research.
Qualitative research proposes explanations for certain happenings and supports the theory based in the research question. Unlike quantitative data, which is computed and measured; qualitative data is collected in words, insights, perspectives, attitudes, and behaviors. Qualitative data is often used a support for the; explaining the statistical outcomes.
First we will begin my defining just what qualitative and quantitative data is. Qualitative data is data that can be observed, but not measured. It also deals with descriptions of variables: color, appearance, taste, etc. It is characterized by no numerical values. Quantitative data is data that can be measured. It deals with numbers: length, weight, time, etc. “While the goals of some data collection may be exclusively qualitative or quantitative, in many cases both are desirable (O’Rourke & O’Rourke, 2000).”
Madhu Bala, 2005 [68]) Qualitative data is often collected by observation, open-ended interviewing and document review. Qualitative data is in detailed description or narrative format. Analysis of qualitative data emphasizes understanding phenomena as they exist, not following pre-determined hypothesis.
It is important that researchers are knowledgeable of the qualitative research methodologies in order to select the most appropriate to investigate their problem of interest, and thereby selecting the most appropriate data collection methods that will aptly produce the richest data for analysis.