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Effects of being homeless
The effects of homelessness
Effects of being homeless
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As widely assumed or acknowledged, there is a connection between housing condition and health. However, it is still few studies actually further investigating the association with homeownership rather than the house’s environmental or living condition related to the health of family members. Homeownership has been considered as a key indicator of the extent to community development. Accordingly, various researches mostly suggested that having the housing stability of dwelling related to ownership is more constructive to peoples’ mental health. From the perspectives of the research on the sociology of mental health, strong evidence also showed certain external factors such as homeownership playing a significant role while individual experiencing mental problems (Manturuk, 2012). However, there was little literature also suggested the degree of impacts from with mortgage or not on health status and further the grade difference of relationship between housing tenure and health based on the financial status of ownership, just similar to the difference of effects between social status such as income and health (Nettleton et al., 1998, 2000). These perspectives could be further investigated in the future.
Nevertheless, the previous researches were either focused on the role of affordable housing associating with residential stability or educational improvement for children and employment outcomes for the adults (Manturuk, 2012). Others also emphasized that affordable housing could contribute to community-wide economic development, both for troubled and vibrant communities (Lubell et al., 2007). In addition, even the past researches started to examine the impact difference from various categories ownerships versus; however, the subcate...
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...uller-Thompson et al., 2000). In general, it is assumed that people living in a well - developed environment are more likely in better health condition since they could be more active outside of their residence (Kuo et al., 1998); while poor housing condition could increase the risks of physical health problem (Dunn, 2000).
Similarly, health condition could in turn affect the access to housing as well. People with worse health problems were found more difficult to attain a better housing. And such a poorer housing condition could also impact on people’s major development including the education attainment, employment access, and health condition (Manturuk, 2013). It is cyclical effects between health and housing for people living in poorer could have higher risks of health problems which could also limit people to improve their housing condition (Manturuk, 2013).
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
...t: How the lack of affordable housing impacts on all aspects of life [PDF] Available at Shelter website; england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/268752/The_Human_Cost.pdf
Being susceptible to health issues, can result from an interaction between the resources available to individuals and the built environment. Also, these negative health issues can be due to disadvantaged social status, leading to a plethora of ill effects, such as degraded neighborhoods, food deserts, and lack of community mobilization. The complex interactions of these factors over the course of time can create vulnerabilities in the
While it is true that housing is correlated with positive outcomes in the homeless population, it does not account for supportive services that this population may also need. Housing is one plan of action for preventing homelessness, but it does not solve the problem. Persisting health problems may prevent an individual from ever reaching housing stability for them a permanent house would not be beneficial if the problem is their health. Housing without supportive services cannot end homelessness.3,4 Providing housing for the homeless is a measure taken after people have experienced the trauma of losing their home. Intervention efforts should be concentrated on preventing the loss of homes, and safety that can ultimately influence a person 's health
It is estimated that, “each year, more than 3 million people experience homelessness, including 1.3 million children” (NLCHP). Clearly poverty and Homelessness come hand in hand, and the economy downfall has only contributed to this growing crisis. “Homelessness stems from a lack of affordable housing. Increasing rents, destruction of traditional low-income housing, and cuts in federal housing programs threaten affordable housing with extinction” (NLCHP). Most people in poverty have a housing affordability crisis, which means that they pay more than half of their income for rent, so therefore they have to buffer to deal with unforeseen expenses.
Affordable housing refers to housing units that are affordable by that section of society whose income is or below the median household income. For example, affordable housing should address the housing needs of lower or middle income households. And for sustainable communities, it is one that is economically, environmentally, and socially healthy and resilient.. According to the Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS): "Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and livable communities.” As we can tell, all affordable housing, sustainable community, and social sustainability are
For those of us with warm roofs over our heads and groceries on the table the problem of affordable housing does not often surface. But for low-income families, where half the income can disappear simply trying to keep the family sheltered in an acceptable home, the problem is a daily one. President of the BRIDGE Housing Corporation Donald Terner and columnist Brad Terner argue that affordable housing is a problem that should involve everyone. From your local supermarket clerk to your child’s science teacher, the problem of affordable housing can affect us all.
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community organizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. “By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda.
Compare and contrast the ways in which housing inequalities are discussed from the perspectives of social policy and criminology, and economics (TMA 02)
Impact of Economic stability with my health is that I went to a community clinic only when I needed vaccines and only when my pain was bad would I go to the hospital and because I did not have insurance not many in-depth studies could be done. Impact of Education is not being aware of how important it is having a primary care physician, getting yearly physicals and not knowing what health insurance really is or how to seek access to one. Impact of health and health care again is not having enough knowledge of how to seek one or understand how it really works to actually look for a specialist or be referred to one. Impact of neighborhood and built environment domain I think had actually a positive impact on my health because my mom never has liked eating out and always cooked for us healthy meals because it’s what my dad worked for to give food for us on the table and always gave us vitamins to make sure we would stay healthy. Our housing was good family bond, very tight family setting where there was always communication between us, our neighborhood was a safe neighborhood with a low crime rate. Impact on social and community context had on my health was because there was a language barrier there was a lack of social interaction perhaps being a loss to our health in not knowing enough about the different resources out there.
Poverty can endanger the safety of many people. Living arrangements can put children at a greater risk of being in an unstable environment. The “instability of living arrangements and homelessness due to poverty, place children at increased risk of being injured (Leschid31).” Many experts show the less money a person makes the less affordable houses will be available, this will have a
The annual earnings, number of doctors per one thousand people, and percentage of people who work in professional jobs or managerial jobs are all I think good indicators to the living conditions of an area. Basically the more money people bring into the home shows their attitude to life, they want to do well and succeed. It is these types of people who have the higher living standards because of the jobs they do and the money that they earn. Many people who are unemployed do not care that they are, and are happy with the conditions they live in which are to a lower standard because of their attitude towards life.Criteria that can be...
It is not enough anymore to speak only health and sickness, because it is important to understand how environment affects people’s health. Also economical issues like economical growth create conditions for the deveploment of wellfare. In equality appears to have a significant impact on human health. Client`s status should be strenghtened and communities must activate the function. (Terveyden edistämisen eettiset haasteet 2008)
Presently, one of the main causes of homelessness in American is the lack of affordable housing. New York researchers claim that affordable housing is the answer to homelessness. Researcher, Mary Beth Shinn, states, ?homelessness is first and foremost a housing problem not a psychological one? (qtd. in Franklin 15.) Nearly all the families in their study became stably housed regardless of substance abuse, mental illness, physical illness or incarceration. This study indicates that homelessness is not a permanent condition. People do get themselves out of the problem when an intervention occurs to provide them with access to the housing market (NYU 2.) Without permanent housing, people are unable to keep jobs and are more likely to become ill. Permanent housing provides stability that enables them to find and retain employment with health benefits.
Yet the study was not intended to solve multigenerational poverty. While many of the adult participants had lived in extreme poverty for decades, which is self-evidently rooted in more than housing issue, childhood exposure to low poverty neighborhood can generate more significant differences in mean outcomes (Chetty & Katz, 2015). As the experiment aims to observe positive changes brought in by improved housing and neighborhood conditions, Chetty & Katz (2015) finds improvements in “several key adult mental and physical health outcomes.” These include significantly lowered risk of diabetes and obesity, as well as an improved level of well-being such as lower prevalence of anxiety, depression and psychological distress. However, the absence of adults’ socioeconomic improvement in MTO outcomes indicates neighborhood effects operate primarily through “developmental" effects during childhood. Living in low poverty neighborhoods and higher-quality homes may not solve multigenerational economic disparities, yet perhaps the most important intervention in the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage are the long-term effects on children of living in extreme