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Importance of linguistics essay
Significance of linguistics
Significance of linguistics
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The Significance of the Ways the English Language Represents Women and Men
In the beginning of the twentieth century, many people felt that
language should be used in certain ways. In "The Semantic Derogation
of Woman" Muriel Schulz presents an interesting observation of words
which refer to women. She claims that this shows the attitudes and
fears that men hold about women. Schultz explains that words descend
on several theories of why you can predict that almost always, words,
once neutral or positive, meaning women acquire negative and often
sexual connotations. Historically men have made language for many
reasons. Mainly men have created language because they were the
primary creators of most cultures. So, when Schultz examines biases
she is asserting that these are male biases that have been handed down
through the generations. Schulz notes that it is interesting that
terms of showing affection, which are meant to stress those things men
appreciate, often become acquainted with a degraded, shameful
profession. Schulz does say that sometimes negative words describing
women are not sexual, but that these usually apply to overweight or
dirty women. Words which refer to older women have undesirable
connotations which imply that older women are unattractive and bad
tempered. Schulz states that women who are overweight seem to receive
words that refer to old, worn out, and useless animals such as horses
and cows. For example, the words for a person without a partner are
Bachelor and Spinster. Bachelor is often thought of as a young man who
is enjoying life and it is therefore a positive connotation. However
Spinster is often thought of...
... middle of paper ...
...the female being the carer, protector and
primary educator. E.g Motherland, Mother tongue, Mother earth.
Whether or not sexist language should be avoided depends on the
circumstances and the context. Demeaning or derogative language is not
desirable in modern society where we are expected to be considered as
equals. However there are biological differences between the sexes and
to avoid all sexist language would not acknowledge this. e.g. mother
changed to parent would not acknowledge the unchallengeable biological
role of the female. Some of our language has developed over a long
period and is part of our culture. It should not be oppressed because
a minority of radical thinkers find it offensive. However, the English
language is constantly evolving, and should adapt to suit the majority
views on what is acceptable.
This inconsistency in the English language is hard to rectify, considering it is not the dictionary definition that needs altering, but the associations society as a whole has with these words. Therefore, in this circumstance the blame for the sexist lexical asymmetry does not lay with the English language, but with society’s interpretation of the vocabulary. The regular occurrence of marked terms for female roles is a second example where the English language may be seen as degrading to women. Illustrations of this include ‘actress’ for females, where a suffix has been added onto the end of the unmarked mal... ...
Gender Matters is a collection of various essays on feminist linguistic texts analysis, by Sara Mills. Mills develops methods of analyzing literary and non-literary texts, in addition to conversational analysis based on a feminist approach. The author draws on data from her collection of essays gathered over the last two decades on feminism during the 1990s. The essays focus on gender issues, the representation of gender in reading, writing, and in public speaking. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of feminists’ analysis of sexism in literature and the relation between gender and politeness. The article is informative for my research paper, as my topic is going to cover language analysis of the text and who women reading and writing differs according to the discourse analysis within linguistic, psychology, case studies audiences and surveys. The book would be helpful, particularly the last three essays that discusses gender, public speaking, the question of politeness and impoliteness in public speaking. Mills’ analysis is not complete without including the idea of global notions of both women and men, to see whether women and men write and read in the same way globally. Therefore, an update would enrich the book’s discussion section. Although, Mills addresses the class and race theme in language and public speaking, I will only look into the role of language that plays a part in doing or reducing gender in literary, non-literary texts and in conversation.
In recent years, gender differences have already been one of the most controversial issues in various research. As an important communication tool of mankind, language is inevitably involved in controversies. However, Rachel Rafelman, a Canadian journalist and the author of “The Party Line” express her thought and opinion in her essay. She not only have some great points on what and how women and men are likely to talk, but also have different points on the talking environment. She comes up with facts and fit real and particle examples in her essay to make it understood. Whereas, Ronald Macaulay, a professor of linguistics and the author of “Sex Difference” uses words of novels to argue and promotes them as a cause of reinforce to men’s and women’s stereotypes in his essay. He argues through his whole as rebuttal and gives some examples to oppose the preconceived notion of sex differences. Over all, both Rafelman and Macaulay are the good writer but Rafelman is having upper to prove her essay better organized using her tones as per requirement.
Importantly, our language influence how people perceive one another; furthermore, how society label and reference people with sexual expression (Rozema, notes, 2014). Specific terminologies determining positive or negative sex expression between male and female dramatically differ. Think about it. How many positive terms describe a sexually active woman? Perhaps, she is hot and/or sexy (Tanebaum, 2000, p. xi). How many positive terms describe a sexually active male? He is a stud, Romeo, the man, stallion and so on (Tanebaum, 2000, p. xi). Here, positive language describing female all focus on appearance and for men it focuses on accomplishments (Rozema, notes, 2014). For instance, Olive acquires her label through gossip, but maintains it with her appearance. The male peers in this film attain labels through actions and conquests. Now, the female negative connotations obviously out rank the positive. Words like trollop, tart, floozy, slut,...
In many circles of the world, various groups of people distinguish themselves from one another through religion, language, culture, and sometimes gender. People also develop stereotypes about a particular group of people in order to identify them. However, most of the time, these stereotypes hold true for only some members of a group. Sometimes, these stereotypes are just plain misconceptions that do not even apply to the group it claims to. Stereotypes are placed on people because it is a way to easily identify what type of person or ethnicity an individual is. At one point in time, these stereotypes may have been true; however, in today’s modern society, most of these stereotypes are outdated and false, which leads them to turn into misconceptions. Usually, stereotypes are utilized to humiliate and degrade the person or group; they also do not provide any beneficial outcomes. Stereotypes focus on how a particular group acts because of the radical ideas and actions of the few, how a particular group looks, or how that group is physically lacking in some way. These stereotypes often lead to conflicts because the group does not appreciate the way it is being perceived. Seldom are the stereotypes placed on a group of people truthful and accurate. Some hardly even apply to the particular group people it claims to. It is true that how people are perceived has a big impact on how other individuals interact with them; however, people are not perceiving these groups correctly.
Nilsen began this study of the dictionary not with the intention of prescribing language change but simply to see what the language would reveal about sexism to her. Sexism is not something that existing independently in American English or in the particular dictionary that she happened to read. Rather it exists in people's minds.
All around the world society has created an ideological perspective for the basis of gender roles. Gender and sex are often times misused and believed to be interchangeable. This is not the case. There are two broad generalization of sexes; female and male, yet there is a vast number of gender roles that each sex should more or less abide by. The routinely cycle of socially acceptable behaviors and practices is what forms the framework of femininity and masculinity. The assigned sex categories given at birth have little to do with the roles that a person takes on. Biological differences within females and males should not be used to construe stereotypes or discriminate within different groups. Social variables such as playing with dolls or
The work's topicality is characterized by the existence of the gender stereotypes in society, having generalization, and does not reflect individual differences in the human categories. Meanwhile, there is still discrimination on the labour market, human trafficking, sexual harassment, violence, women and men roles and their places in the family. Mass media offers us the reality, reduces the distance, but we still can see the negative aspects too. TV cultivates gender stereotypes, offering ideas about gender, relationships and ways for living. Such media ideas attach importance to many people in the society. Consequently, it is quite important identify gender stereotypes in the media, in order to prevent false views relating to gender stereotypes.
According to Kramarae groups within our society are muted, or go incompletely heard due to the lack of an effective means to express certain groups of ideas, experiences, or thoughts. Kramarae calls these groups muted and focuses specifically on the muted group of women. She argues that language is "man-made" and "aids in defining, depreciating and excluding women" (Griffin,1997,459). Muted Group Theory sees language as excluding women based on several factors. For example the words used to describe a sexually promiscuous individual are radically different. For men words like, stud, playboy, rake, gigolo, and womanizer among others, all with positive connotations, describe the sexually active male. In a harsh contrast words to describe a female with an active sexual appetite include: slut, hooker, mistress, hussy, easy lay, prostitute, whore, and nymphomaniac. The women-specific words are demoralizing and place a negative value on women’s sexuality. The words used to describe men make them seem powerful, controlling, and dominant. Kramarae’s theory poses questions about why these phenomena exist.
... “Women’s Language.” In this “language” she says that women tend to use more color adjectives and more tag questions than men because of their uncertainty. Also, she stated that swearing is considered an act of power and it is possible that that is the reason as to why women are not “allowed” to say these words. Even in the Victorian Era, swearing was reserved to men because the rights of women were basically given to their husbands. This is where the “housewife” attributed to women began. Lackoff claimed that “the decisive factor is less purely gender than power in the real world” (1975). Swearing is not only seen as a male attribute but is reserved to people (men) who exert power. In our society, it seems that men believe they are the only ones who should have access to power. Therefore, “women’s language”
Socially constructed gender roles have a large impact on the society that we are bred in. Boys and girls are told from a young age what is considered normal for each of them based on what sex they were assigned. Girls are immediately told to be shy but not rude, love the color pink, and clean and cook in preparation of the man they are inevitably going to marry. Boys are told to ‘be men’ and never cry in the presence of anyone, emotions are for girls and anything less would be seen as merely weak. Parents usually prescribe their own upbringings to how their children should be brought up; girls are constantly reminded to watch how they come off to people. Girls must clean and cook, but never show frustration, smile even if she’s scared of unfamiliar
Also, the word “woman” has been used to ridicule boys who are sluggish or feeble. If a boy was called a “woman,” he wouldn't necessarily be embarrassed that he was called the opposite sex, but rather, that he was compared to someone who is seen as weak and fragile. These two words are known for their imaginable stereotypes. As one would imagine a woman standing behind a podium, giving a candid speech to her fellow citizens, one would also imagine a lady sitting beside a table, drinking tea with her pinky finger lifted up. This is just one example of how both terms are referred to in the modern
Grammatical gender is the categorization of nouns into masculine and feminine, and (in addition) neuter in some languages. Grammatical gender is not always in accord with the natural gender of the nouns. Especially in languages with binary gender distinction, in which a noun is either masculine or feminine, the grammatical gender of inanimate nouns, abstract nouns, etc, is not always predictable and should be learnt as such. Even in some languages with masculine–feminine–neuter distinction (eg, German), inanimate nouns could be masculine, feminine, or neuter. Thus, grammatical gender of nouns in such languages poses difficulty to second/foreign language learners. In such languages, most often, noun endings provide clues to the
...terpretation of language. “Women and men sometimes perceive the same messages to have different meanings” (Torppa). Everybody has seen the affects of this difference in interpretation in society. It is the reason why there are more women at Celine Dion Concerts, and why there are more men attend heavy metal concerts.
The book An Intorduction of Sociolinguistics is an outstanding introductary book in the field of sociolinguistics. It encompasses a wide range of language issues. In chapter 13, Wardhaugh provides a good insight to the relationship between language and gender. He explains gender differences of language-in-use with concise examples. Wardhaugh riases questions about sexist language and guides readers to look closer at how people use language differently because of their own gender in daily life. According to the Whorfian hypothesis, which indicates that the way people use language reflects their thoughts, different genders adapt different communication strategies.