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Women's role in English literature
Women's role in English literature
Role of women in English literature
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The social and cultural change in the post-independent India has made women conscious of the need to define themselves, their place in society and their surroundings. Women have become independent. They are the major voice in India. The women depicted in the emerging literature in India are modern and independent. There are changing faces. The female characters in such emerging writings are at great pains to free themselves from stultifying, traditional constraints. The female quest for identity has been a pet theme for many Indian English writers. The quest, search, uprootedness, rootlessness, struggle for ‘I’, struggle for existence are the major issues in these writings. They indicate the arrival of a ‘new Indian woman’. These women are …show more content…
Yet feminism as it exists today in India has gone beyond its Western counterparts. Some of the prominent writers who have changed the concept of feminism in Indian English literature are Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, Kamala Das, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Shashi Deshpande, Shobha De, Nayantara Sahgal, Bharati Mukherjee, Anita Nair, Manju Kapur, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai. The new-age writers are brazenly and dauntlessly but emphatically handling themes like homosexuality, abortion and personal relations gone wrong. There are various major issues regarding the women’s problems and female psyche. The present generation of Indian Women writers in English is high-spirited to deal with themes and issues. These issues were considered to be taboo and forbidden from public discourse. Postmodernism has wide and at length effect on Indian Writings in English. This effect is seen in today’s literary works. The best Indian works, the Booker winner works such as Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things, Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss and Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger reflects the Post modernistic
Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina; Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind; Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire. Upon first glance, these classics of literary legend appear to have nothing in common. However, looking closer, one concept unites these three works of art. At the center of each story stands a woman--an authentically portrayed woman. A woman with strengths, flaws, desires, memories, hopes, and dreams. Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, Mitchell’s Scarlett O’Hara, and Williams’ Blanche DuBois are beautiful, intelligent, sophisticated women: strong yet fragile, brazen yet subtle, carnal yet pure. Surviving literature that depicts women in such a realistic and moving fashion is still very rare today, and each piece of that unique genre must be treasured. But unlike those singular works, there lived one man who built a career of writing novels that explored the complex psyches of women. Somehow, with each novel, this author’s mind and heart act as a telescope gazing into an unforgettable portrait of a lady. Through the central female characters in his novels Lady Chatterley’s Lover and Sons and Lovers, D.H. Lawrence illuminates dimensions of a woman’s soul not often explored in literature.
In Beowulf, the role of women is greatly different then that of old Greek literature and epic. Women in Beowulf are presented as peace-makers and they are respected, compared to the Greek view that women are on the same level as spoils of war and livestock; something you own and show as a trophy. Hygd is one of the generous, gracious, and wise woman portrayed in Beowulf. But even the wild, cruel, and ruthless women can be civilized and grow to be good, such as Modthrytho. Once she got married, she changed and became virtuous and kind.
What is Feminism? How does feminism affect the world we live in today? Was feminism always present in history, and if so why was it such a struggle for women to gain the respect they rightly deserve? Many authors are able to express their feelings and passions about this subject within their writing. When reading literary works, one can sense the different feminist stages depending on the timeframe that the writing takes place. Two such works are ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ by, Charlotte Gilman and ‘Everyday Use’ by, Alice Walker; the feminist views within each story are very apparent by the era each author lives in. It is evident that a matter of fifty years can change the stance of an author’s writing; in one story the main character is a confident and strong willed young woman looking to voice her feminist views on the world, while the other story’s main character is a woman trying to hold on to her voice in a man’s world which is driving her insane.
Throughout this semester, we have come upon two playwrights and one novel, and even though they have different plots, they live a life where society is patriarchy. Back in the day, literature had feminists writers who believed society should be patriarchy and not equally. Women had no rights back then until the 1840’s. They were not allowed to write. Until, the “Women’s Rights Movement” was passed, and women became writers from many different races and published hundreds of novels, short stories, playwrights, and essays. This was a major evolution in literature because women were finally going to have the ability to express what they were holding in all this time. Although there are still societies that continue to be patriarchy, women are
Feminism as we know it began in the mid 1960's as the Women's Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of women's empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminism in their work. One of the most well known writers to deal with feminist themes is Margaret Atwood. Her work is clearly influenced by the movement and many literary critics, as well as Atwood herself, have identified her as a feminist writer. However, one of Atwood's most successful books, The Handmaid's Tale, stands in stark contrast to the ideas of feminism. In fact, the female characters in the novel are portrayed in such a way that they directly conflict with the idea of women's empowerment.
It is time that we start to look at the changes women have made in the comparison to the events surrounding them. We do not expect the women of today to behave and act submissively as though they were the women of the Medieval Era. Rather than looking at the news or textbooks for the evolution answer, the women of century were depicted in works of literature. The opposition against using media comes from an article from The Journal of Social Psychology Department written by Leslie McArthur and Beth Resko about the selection of men and women for commercials where men were selected more often but women had a better connection with the audience. These sex differences proved highly unfavorable for
Throughout history women have always been considered lesser than men. Women were portrayed as property to men, nothing more. They were supposed to be seen and not heard, and were basically servants to their husbands and fathers. In order for women to even be considered more than property their father or spouse had to be established in the community or a man of high rank. Despite their subservient roles women in British literature have always been depicted as obedient or unruly, from William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, to Beowulf, to Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market.” For example, women have always been portrayed as being housewives, and care takers. Women were supposed to tend to the men and all of the house hold duties and chores; however some women broke away from that stereotype. They became more and curious and aware of their worth, so they were viewed as temptresses or “rebels” against the social norm. Despite the fact that women have evolved throughout history, British literature has always characterized women in two different lights, one being obedient and submissive and another being powerful and strong willed.
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
“Girls wear jeans and cut their hair short and wear shirts and boots because it is okay to be a boy; for a girl it is like promotion. But for a boy to look like a girl is degrading, according to you, because secretly you believe that being a girl is degrading” (McEwan 55-56). Throughout the history of literature women have been viewed as inferior to men, but as time has progressed the idealistic views of how women perceive themselves has changed. In earlier literature women took the role of being the “housewife” or the household caretaker for the family while the men provided for the family. Women were hardly mentioned in the workforce and always held a spot under their husband’s wing. Women were viewed as a calm and caring character in many stories, poems, and novels in the early time period of literature. During the early time period of literature, women who opposed the common role were often times put to shame or viewed as rebels. As literature progresses through the decades and centuries, very little, but noticeable change begins to appear in perspective to the common role of women. Women were more often seen as a main character in a story setting as the literary period advanced. Around the nineteenth century women were beginning to break away from the social norms of society. Society had created a subservient role for women, which did not allow women to stand up for what they believe in. As the role of women in literature evolves, so does their views on the workforce environment and their own independence. Throughout the history of the world, British, and American literature, women have evolved to become more independent, self-reliant, and have learned to emphasize their self-worth.
Ramamoorthy, P. “My Life is My Own: A Study of Shashi Deshpande’s Women” Feminism and Recent Fiction in English Ed. Sushila Singh. New Delhi: Prestige, 1991.
It focuses on three women saint’s life, writing, and their voice for space in the society. The well-known three women Saiva saints are Karaikkal Ammair from Tamilnadu, Akkamahadevi from Karnataka and Lalladevi or Lalded from Kashmir. If the aim of the feminism is to establish equal social identity as well as an individual identity of women, then we have considered that the feminist voice was begun in Indian during medieval period. The three women raised their voice for their place in the sacred world. Before discussing women saint’s view on Identity in the society, there is a need to be known their
Wolfreys, Julian, Ruth Robbins and Kenneth Womack. Key Concepts in Literary Theory. Edinburgh University Press, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi:2002.
Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, published in 1980, was perhaps the seminal text in conceiving opinions as to interplay of post-modern and post-colonial theory. The title of the novel refers to the birth of Saleem Sinai, the novel’s principal narrator, who is born at midnight August 15th 1947, the precise date of Indian independence. From this remarkable coincidence we are immediately drawn to the conclusion that the novel’s concerns are of the new India, and how someone born into this new state of the ‘Midnight’s child’, if you will, interacts with this post-colonial state. To characterise the novel as one merely concerned with post-colonial India, and its various machinations, is however a reductive practice. While the novel does at various times deal with what it is to be Indian, both pre and post 1947, it is a much more layered and interesting piece of work. Midnight’s Children’s popularity is such that it was to be voted 25th in a poll conducted by the Guardian, listing the 100 best books of the last century, and was also to receive the Booker Prize in 1981 and the coveted ‘Booker of Bookers’ in 1993. http://www.bookerprize.co.uk/
Tharu, Susie and K.Lalita. ed.Women Writing in India 2 vols. New Delhi: Oxford, 1991-1993. Print.
Indian Writing in English has a special status in English Literature owing to its treatment of women characters. Short stories help the writers to project select characters in an impressive way to the readers. In Indian context the status of woman in a society and her treatment is very different from those of her European or American counterparts. Women are depicted both as a good and evil in literature by various writers. However, in no literature is a women stereotyped as was done in Indian literature. Away from the mythical stereotyping of women, Ruskin Bond portrayed his women in a different way. The female characters of his short stories range from a small child to a grandmother. These characters are as powerful as men and have left a strong impression on the readers. I have chosen following eight short stories for the critical analysis of Ruskin Bond’s Women in this paper.