The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. “Nigeria is composed of three large ethnic groups – the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo-who represent 70 percent of the population. Another 10 percent comprises of several other groups numbering more than 1 million members each, including the Kanuri, Tiv, and Ibibio. More than 300 smaller ethnic groups account for the remaining 20 percent of the population” (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2012). In 2012, a census reported the population demographics of Nigeria of 85,420,192 men and 84,703,548 women (Index Mundi, 2012). Trade is a very large part of the Nigerian economy, with the United States’ being its number one trading partner. Dominated by oil and other natural resources, this excessive trade, and overall population sustainability, demands a workforce. Despite this workforce need, however, Nigeria suffers from a growing national unemployment rate of around 20 percent, with women having an overall 24.9 percent unemployment rate (National Bureau of Statistics, 2010). Women have the highest unemployment rate as opposed to men in Nigeria. This is accountable to several factors of Nigerian culture, representation by Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions of power distance, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance, which are a source of this culture influence. Covering the three aforementioned dimensions will attribute how Nigerian culture has shaped the country to its past and present masculine-dominated state, and give insight to how women play a role in the economy. In addition, providing a video interview from a Nigerian female, Akaninyene Umo, who has experience living in a poor city of...
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...2, July). Nigeria Demographics Profile 2013. Retrieved from Index Mundi: http://www.indexmundi.com/nigeria/demographics_profile.html
National Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Labour Force Statistics. National Bureau of Statistics.
Onyejeli, N. (July 2010). Nigeria Workforce Profile. The Sloan Center on Aging & Work; Boston College.
Satwinder Singh, R. S. (2011). Motivation to become an entrepreneur: a study of Nigerian women's decisions. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 19.
The Hofstede Centre. (2013). Dimensions. Retrieved from The Hofstede Centre: http://geert-hofstede.com/dimensions.html
The Hofstede Centre. (2013). Nigeria. Retrieved from The Hofstede Centre: http://geert-hofstede.com/nigeria.html
Umo, A. (2013, November 22). Nigerian Women in the Workplace. (A. A. II, Interviewer) YouTube, Inc. Richmond. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/3R1q4czkeiM
Men are still looked at as the dominant gender and still believed to “own their wives.” According to BBC News, women are still looked at as property and are perceived to be pure and submissive to their parents and husbands. Yes, society has changed in the world to where women are allowed to have “equal right as men,” and women are allowed more freedom. Nonetheless, women in Nigerian society have not had that same change and are now standing up for themselves. Women went from being valued in culture, to being submissive housewives. Men went from being strong warriors who cared for women’s rights, to not caring about women. It was always seen in the Igbo culture that women are supposed to be pure and able to bear multiple children for their husband, but it has taken a bigger turn than expected in their
populous city in Nigeria. In this essay I am going to critically examines push and
Gender roles are based on several different things throughout the Igbo tribe. As inculcated throughout society and formed by the tribe, sex implies the distinction between
"Untouchability in Nigeria | International Humanist and Ethical Union." International Humanist and Ethical Union | The World Union of Humanist Organizations. Web. 08 Apr. 2010. .
The "glass ceiling" has held women back from certain positions and opportunities in the workplace. Women are stereotyped as part-time, lower-grade workers with limited opportunities for training and advancement because of this "glass ceiling". How have women managed their careers when confronted by this glass ceiling? It has been difficult; American women have struggled for their role in society since 1848. Women’s roles have changed significantly throughout the past centuries because of their willingness and persistence. Women have contributed to the change pace of their role in the workplace by showing motivation and perseverance.
“Statistical Overview of Women in the Workplace”. www.catalyst.org. Catalyst. 19 June 2012. Web. 1 November 2012.
While the outside world considered Nigeria to be a united and monolithic entity, even the British colonial administration was wary of the reality of Nigerian politics; the nation was not so much a “country” as it was more than three hundred different groups coalesced into one.4 5 These tribes were divided between three main spheres of influence: the Yoruba, the Igbo, and the Hausa. Historically, their interests were often opposed, and their cultures did not come into regular contact with one another until the British occupation. In spite of the differences British administration a...
Oghre, Ben. “Nigeria’s Population Is A Silent Killer .” Nigerians of America. N.p., 30 Sept. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. .
If one takes a closer look at the issues surrounding the differences between the male and female roles in the workforce and in education, one will notice that women tend to be one step below men on the "status" or "importance" ladder.
According to Samuels in Case Studies in Comparative Politics, Nigeria began as a group of states and empires, which were conquered by the British Empire who ruled Nigeria through indirect rule with varying degrees of rule in North and South Nigeria (Samuels, 323-326). Since they were granted independence in 1960, three republics have been created and each has ended by military rule, which led to the creation of the fourth, and current republic in Nigeria. In the current regime Nigeria’s GDP is ranked 108 of 156 and has been decreasing, lower than some of the non oil-producing nations in Africa (“Nigeria”).
Mama Beatrice and Aunty Ifeoma represent different women in post-colonial Nigerian society. Nevertheless, they both show the empowerment and subjugation in the domestic position they serve. From the time Nigerian women had an equal purpose in their tribe as men in pre- colonial Nigeria to the after math of colonialism in 1960, it is clear that colonialism disrupted the traditional system of indigenous Nigerian societies. Nigeria’s women have continuously evolved, but their persistent spirit they always possessed never changed.
Okeke, Phil E. "Reconfiguring Tradition: Women's Rights and Social Status in Contemporary Nigeria." Africa Today 47.1 (2000): 49-63.
Women are getting independent and are eager to make place for her in emerging business society not only in India but also in the World. The study was conducted in Mysore City to analyze the trend and pattern of women entrepreneurship. Opportunities for the women increase with the economic empowerment and it also helps women to access to economic development. Further authors states that most of women entrepreneurs in Mysore district are into small and medium enterprises. More women are involved in Beauty parlor management and Tailoring which is also attractive entrepreneurship in Mysore city.
Discussions of Nigeria gender equality in recent times have focused on steps taken towards putting women in their proper prospects. In the past, each gender had clearly defined roles and the issue of gender conflict never arose. The extent of gender inequality had been hidden for so long that its seriousness in the present time of Nigeria is now attracting international attention. The 2012 Gender in Nigeria Report recently shows that gender inequality not only exists in the country, but at highly worrying levels. There is a lack of gender balance in the economy, education, politics, health, access to justice and almost all areas of human development.
Entrepreneurship is an important aspect of social, economic and community life. It can be viewed as a critical factor to economic growth as well as a way of addressing unemployment (Nolan, 2003).Entrepreneurs are people who are persistently focused on identifying opportunities, they seek to create something worthwhile while taking into account foreseeable risk and rewards associated with the efforts (Nolan, 2003). Furthermore, entrepreneurs are frequently understood to be individuals who discover market needs and establish new business to meet those identified opportunities. The following assignment will firstly discuss the types of entrepreneurship, secondly it will discuss the reasons people become entrepreneurs, and thirdly it will discuss the importance of entrepreneurship.