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Sophocles essay antigone
Analysis on antigone based on Sophocles tragedy
The role of women in ancient Greek society
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Imagine being born into a world where your social status is dependent on your gender, where women are considered inferior to men. This idea is exposed in two Ancient Greece plays “Antigone” by Sophocles and “Lysistrata” by Aristophanes. In both plays most women are considered inferior and do not go against rules established by men. However, there are some women who do not let men restrain them from expressing their feelings. Therefore, the women in Ancient Greece were considered inferior to men, however, they were gallant. In the Greek play “Antigone,” the main character is gallant despite the societal concept that women are inferior to men. An example of this occurs when Antigone and her sister Ismene are holding a conversation in which Antigone …show more content…
Ismene says “We are only women, We cannot fight with men, Antigone! The law is strong, we must give in to the law in this thing, and in worse. I beg the dead to forgive me, but I am helpless: I must yield to those in authority.” This reveals that women knew that they could not contradict laws that were established by men. Ismene begged the dead to forgive her showing that she knew that Antigone was not doing anything erroneous, but she also says that she must yield to those in “authority” referring to men because she is considered helpless. However, Antigone is completely opposite, she replies “I say that this crime is holy: I shall lie down with him in death, and I shall be as dear To him as he to me.” This reveals that Antigone is not going to back down because laws established by men tell her to. Antigone is going to commit a crime disregarding the laws of the authority because she feels her action is correct. Thus, revealing that women such as Antigone were gallant in spite of the male concept that women were inferior to …show more content…
Did you think you were going up against a bunch of slave girls? Or did you think women lack gall?” Magistrate replies “Oh yes, they've got plenty of that, provided there's a wine bar nearby." This shows that Magistrate did not believe women were bold enough to stand up to men unless they were intoxicated. Magistrate did not believe that Lysistrata and the rest of the women were capable of taking over Acropolis. However, Magistrate did not strike fear into Lysistrata or the other women because they remained put in Acropolis, and went against rules established by men. Therefore, men such as Magistrate considered women to be inferior, however, women such as Lysistrata were gallant and stood up to
... do, for all your crown and your trappings, and your guards—all that you can do is to have me killed”( Sophocles190 ).This kind of bravery ultimately proves that Antigone is courageous and willing to stand up to man and do so openly in pride. This kind of courageousness was rare for women of that time. Antigone dies bravely and in loyalty of her brother and because of this she is a model of a strong female protagonist as she clearly did not abide do gender expectations.
Antigone shows the attribute of boldness. She is constantly going her own direction. She is a leader, not a follower. "Ismene: What? You'd bury him when a law forbids the city? Antigone: Yes! He is my brother and- deny it as you will- your brother too."(61). This is where Antigone's boldness begins to surface. She is expressing her disagreement with King Creon's law. This is extremely daring of her to do because she is defying the law of the land. On the other hand, Ismene displays the quality of being a coward. She says, "Remember, we are women, we're not born to contend with men."(62). On the contrary to what Ismene's brain tells her to do, her heart is screaming to go and bury her brother, and defy Creon's dishonorable law. It is not until the middle to end of the play that Ismene's true self emerges and she agrees with Antigone. This is just one of the ways Antigone and Ismene are the same at heart, but take different paths to get to their real inner person.
Antigone as a heroic and tragic archetype must internally struggle with individuality and morality versus established rule and law and she can be seen as externally fighting between her sister as an outward display of her internal conflict. Antigone then is a unique archetype as a heroine and her power and powerlessness are defining to her as a woman in politics. Her sister, Ismene is portrayed as much weaker and can be said to be metaphorical in that individual morality is weak as compared to established law and Ismene is the personification of morality in a legal-rational world, according to the emerging Hellenistic establishment. Antigone is willing to use her own morals to bury Polyneices, though it is illegal to do so. Ismene is too weak and afraid and illustrates how individual fear and weakness are a problem inherent in human nature. When Antigone disowns her, it could be seen as a metaphor for the need to disown the weaker side of her nature.
Ismene believes that women are “underlings” (76) and not “contend[ing] with men” (76) because she knows that men will always control society. This viewpoint of men’s domination of women depicts Ismene to be submissive to males while being fearful of men’s authority. Ismene is unable to have control over her destiny and decisions because she is fearful of men’s power over women, which leads to her refusing to bury Polynices. Later in the play, Ismene questions Creon’s judgment by saying “you’d kill your own son’s bride?” (641) which indicates that she is now aware that woman should have a voice and power in society. Her new understanding of Antigone’s message gives her the strength to query Creon, while additionally highlighting his cruelty. Ismene’s original belief of “submit[ing] to this” (77) and being a proper Greek girl, eventually transforms into becoming an advocate for Antigone. Her transformation defies men’s authority, the opposite of what she used to believe in.
Through the works of the Greek playwright Aristophanes and the Roman historian Livy, the subservient role of women and ultimate powerlessness in ancient male dominated societies can clearly be observed. In both Aristophanes’ play Lysistrata and Livy’s The Rape of Lucretia, common women are
...e worst of deaths – death without honor.” In a way Antigone is blaming Ismene for not helping her but in a way she is not.
Antigone is the stubborn, free-willed sister who wants to do what’s right and not think about the consequences that will come to play in the future. “This female character takes on a rebellious role quite different from that of the other more docile woman of the time,” (Ashley Bouque). The quote talks about Antigone being different, while Ismene is more docile and does what she is told. Take the Woman rights movement, even though its thousands of years later. Before the Woman rights movement happened, woman did what they were told and followed the rules, like Ismene. After the movement, woman did what they thought were right to them and didn’t care about the rules, like Antigone.
In the book Antigone she has a sister named Ismene and after she explains to Ismene her plan to bury her brother because she believes in the upper gods and what they set as the rules is what they should follow. However, her sister believes otherwise , she thinks that she can not stand up for what she believes in because she is a women. Ismene states “We must remember that by birth we are
In meeting Ismene, the reader is introduced to a wiser and obedient woman in terms of her understanding where she stands socially and realizing the consequences of rebellious actions. Ismene, throughout the play, serves as a tool by helping Antigone to become more resolute in her actions. Ismene has suffered just as much as Antigone, "no joy or pain has come my way" (16) Ismene says. Yet although she concedes that the sisters "were robbed of our two brothers" (17), she still accepts the will of the King "I must obey the ones who stand in power"(18).
When Antigone comes to her sister for assistance in burying their brother’s body, Ismene refuses. While this may be seen as an example of her cowardly, docile nature, such as how the line “You ought to realize we are only women” (61) is often interpreted, it shows that Ismene was aware of where she stood in Theban society. It is common knowledge that Ancient Greece was a patriarchy, with women holding little to no political power. Even beyond the fact that she and Antigone are women living in a male-dominated society, Ismene recognizes how low their family has fallen, with herself and Antigone being the children of a kin-slayer and his wife. A reasonable person in Ismene’s situation would most likely have acted in a similar manner, as it would be far too great of a risk to defy Creon. Ismene was simply aware that no one would come to the aid of Oedipus’s daughters when they faced “the edict of death”
In Greek classics, it is common knowledge that in that era women and men were considered unequal. Men were superior, and in most cases women were not even fit for citizenship. It is in this atmosphere and time period that Aristophanes wrote Lysistrata. The play itself is supposed to be a comedy, although the actions of the women do not seem amusing. Instead, the women’s actions, especially the main character Lysistrata, seem incredibly brave. Lysistrata rounds up her “troop” of all the women in Athens and a Spartan woman. They take charge of the acropolis and refuse to settle for anything less than a peace treaty to end the war. The only problem with this is, in ending the war, they will be bringing back the men from their duty and end up in the same social caste system as they were from the beginning. Aristophanes seems to make the point that – the only power women hold is their sexuality (Rex Par. 7). The Athenian women can withdraw from their husbands for however long they like, they still end up givi...
While Ismene and Antigone are both very different, they both reflect the way women are viewed in Classical Greek society. Ismene believes it the total control of the law and that women have a place in society where they are “not born to contend with men” (75). She is so consumed with following the rules that she simply cannot fathom how her sister could bury their brother “when a law forbids the city” (54) from doing so. However when her sister’s life is threatened, Ismene steps up to try and share a “portion in [Antigone’s] death” (625) She is the perfect subject for any king to have because her life and decisions are based around the idea that people “must obey/the ones who stand in power” (79-80). All though in some ways this makes her
Life cannot be without a measure of darkness, trials and tribulations, for success would lose its meaning if it were not balanced by sadness. A women’s place in society has been a constant bumpy road when it has come to adding equality into women’s roles in society. Sophocles exposes the unequal power relevance between men and women in 441 B.C. as Thebes has a conflict between Antigone and Creon unfolds in his play Antigone.
All women in the world face the same problem: lack of equality to men. Society makes people believe that men are physically stronger and more capable of leading a family, hence, society makes people believe that men are more superior to women. In the Ancient Greek tragedy, Antigone, the author, Sophocles, illustrates how society makes women feel inferior to men by Ismene’s actions. While Ismene’s sister Antigone wants Ismene to stand up against Creon’s edict with her, Ismene replies “We are only women, we cannot fight with men, Antigone!” (191). Ismene thinks that she will not be able to stand up against the Athenian government,which is ruled by men, because they are more powerful than women, she and Antigone have no chance against them.
Although Lysistrata is fighting for the equal political agency in a government dominated by white men, she ignores the earned citizenship of Athenian and Spartan slaves. By placing women’s rights over the rights of all people, Aristophanes’ alludes an equal society will always have a weaker class. Throughout the play, Lysistrata makes it clear that the purpose of her fight is to give a voice to the Athenian and Spartan women affected by war. Through her planning and strategizing, she focuses on how the women of both Athens and Sparta can rise in the political agency. She makes many claims as to how much the women of both city-states must give up whenever war is chosen over peace.