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Essay on "ancient Greek democracy
Essay on "ancient Greek democracy
Differences and similarities between democracy today and in ancient Greece
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Frank Miller’s “300” is a powerful tale about the demise of the Spartan warriors. Throughout the graphic novel, the Spartan’s commit acts that are considered dishonourable. They take no prisoners on the battlefield and kill Xerxes’ messengers. Many people believe the warriors failed because their actions were selfish. Although it may seem harsh, killing messengers and having no mercy are strategies the Spartan’s use. Everything the Spartan’s do has a good reason behind it. They know what is right and choose to do it, making them great warriors. Their ability to unite and fight together is admirable. Despite their heartless methods, the Spartan’s are honourable because they fight for the collective and not the individual. P1: As the Spartan army marches, young Stelios stumbles out of line. For a punishment, Stelios receives a beating from the Captain. King Leonidas observes the torture and decides to stop it by knocking out the Captain. Leonidas hands the lifeless body to Stelios and says, “No food till journey’s end. For any of us” (7). Most readers agree that this demand is cruel. Even though Stelios was the only warrior to fall, everyone received the punishment. It is believed that the actions of one warrior should not …show more content…
In return, he asks Leonidas if he could be a Spartan warrior. Leonidas takes him aside and questions him about his fighting ability. The King asks Ephialtes to raise his shield above his head. Poor Ephialtes was only able to bring the shield to his shoulders. Leonidas replied, “We fight as a single, impenetrable unit. . .. A single weak spot – and the phalanx shatters” (38). The king denies Ephialtes his wish to be a Spartan warrior because of his deformity. He rejects a worthy warrior only because he cannot hold his shield above his head. Turning down Ephialtes can be perceived as a vicious act. Leonidas does not give the poor guy a chance to prove himself in
It is this society that produced many great warriors – and it is this society that many great warriors died to protect and preserve. Thus, those killed deserve many thanks and praise, for they fought with noble intention. As Pericles’ says, “Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died. (2.41.5).
Hellenic culture in the Spartan community was that of a humble elite. True Spartan culture is well captured in Xenophon’s work, Spartan Society, as he wrote of how this elitist society viewed not only themselves, but the other countries around them. This work shines light into the three-part worldview of the ancient, Hellenic Spartans of: humanism, idealism, and rationalism. As Xenophon begins to write over the whole of the Spartan society it can be seen how the Spartans lived out the worldview of this Hellenistic society. This living out of the worldview recorded in Xenophon’s, Spartan Society, illustrates their worldview through the noting of Lycurgus’ accomplishments and the contrast of the “other.”
“A New Historicist article… teases out the many contributing causes that brought about disparate social elements in that way” (Mays, 2352). The movie shows the build-up to the battle of 300 Spartan soldiers against the armies of Persia, albeit in artistic and stylized manner. It covers the tensions and political drama that led to the clashing of men, as well as showing the historical context in which it took place. “..New Historicism doubts the accessibility of the past, insisting that all we have is discourse” (Mays, 2351). 300 doesn’t concern itself with trying to trying to access the past, but puts on an artistic representation of what happened that can be discussed in a modern
The battle of Thermopylae was the Greek’s first stand against the massive army of King Xerxes, and was the most influential battle of the entire war. Up to this point, the Persian army was seen as too massive and powerful to be stopped. The once warring city-states of Greece knew they couldn’t stand against the Persians alone, and knew in order to defend their homeland they would have to unite. A unity of command was agreed upon; King Leonidas of Sparta was chosen to lead the Greek forces. He was chosen to lead because of the unsurpassed warring abilities the Spartans were so well known for made him perfect for the objective of stopping the Persians.
After his army's victory in Thermopylae, King Xerxes fervently wanted more information on the rare soldiers that confronted his limitless army, those reckless Spartans that faced insurmountable odds and refused to surrender even though their only alternative was gruesome death.
Within the Spartan society, religion mirrored their values and ethics of a militaristic state, being physical strength and social cohesion. However, the absolute necessity to appease their gods and goddess through festivals and the religious roles of the kings reflects the society’s obligation to religion over everything. Funerary customs and rituals reflect that dying for the state was of uttermost importance correlating with the Spartans values and ethics ultimately giving prominence to religion being the fundamental aspect of
Miller illustrates the separation both visually and textually. Several times Leonidas refers to the other Spartans as “children.” Once in the beginning when he is telling the Spartans to be quite and go to sleep and another is when the Spartans start attacking the Persian Messengers, “The children frolic.” Leonidas in like a parent to the other Spartans. He is watching over them and guiding them. He is their parent, King and leader, thus he must stand above them and apart. A visual form of separation is that throughout the graphic novel Leonidas is in the foreground alone, while the other Spartans are in the background. Like at the beginning of chapter 2, when Leonidas is walking towards the audience while all the Spartans are sleeping behind him. Another way Miller illustrates separation is that Leonidas will be a silhouette; where as all the other characters are drawn with light shining on them. Such is the case when Leonidas is talking to his advisors before going to war. One key reason Leonidas is the only individual isolated from the Spartans is that the audience needs a hero to love. Frank Miller’s 300 was ultimately a piece of entertainment and without a likable main character no one would be interested in reading his story. Heroes are found throughout society, whether it is storybook characters, celebrities, or sports stars. Heroes inspire us because they show us the impossible. They are always struggling and overcoming everything, encouraging us to believe we will overcome whatever we face. Heroes are symbols for all the qualities we want to posses. The individuality of Leonidas is the antithesis of historical Spartan
Leonidas was respected in Sparta, it was not by his often effective but not morally decisions, it was to resolve an issue when he felt that somebody or something was trying to hurt Sparta. Leonidas was expected to put an end with some abnormal answer. The training, the form i...
The main summary of the book is “Plutarch's vivid and engaging portraits of the Spartans and their customs are a major source of our knowledge about the rise and fall of this remarkable Greek city-state between the sixth and third centuries BC.” “Through his Lives of Sparta's leaders and his recording of memorable Spartan Sayings he depicts a people who lived frugally and mastered their emotions in all aspects of life, who also disposed of unhealthy babies in a deep chasm, introduced a gruelling regime of military training for boys, and treated their serfs brutally. Rich in anecdote and detail, Plutarch's writing brings to life the personalities and achievements of Sparta with unparalleled flair and humanity.” This is only a small summary of
Spartan culture is a great example of how a society’s infrastructure will directly affect both, its social structure and superstructure. It also serves as a warning that any society that becomes too rigid in its structure and too static in its values will not last long when confronted with more agile and adaptable cultures. This paper will explore why Sparta became the Hellenic army par excellence, how this worked to create a very specific social structure founded on martial values, and, finally, how that social structure would ultimately be the undoing of the culture.
Dienekes was one of the three hundred sent so Xeones went with him. Xeones explains the battle and how the Spartans fought until the last man was killed. Xeones tells of how he was meant to be the only survivor so that he could tell the story of the Spartans bravery. Because of the S...
...rated the superiority of the Greek long spear and armor over the weapons of the Persians, as well as the superior tactics of Miltiades and the military training of the Greek hoplites. The choice of weapons, training of warriors, selection of battle site, and timing had all worked together to help the Athenians prove that size doesn’t always matter.
The Battle of Thermopylae began in 480 BC and was a product of the Greeks attempt help defend the Ionians from the Persians. This irritated the Persian Emperor, Xerxes, because he thought of Greece as a small kingdom that had no place revolting against the Persian Empire. The Athenians sympathized with the Ionians because the Persians had also tried to invade Greece on multiple occasions. The Athenians provided feeble help to the Ionians and in retaliation the Persians struck at athens (23B). Xerxes was known to be irrational with his temper, and may have thought of his invasion as retaliation for the fact that his father, Darius the Great, was defeated at the Battle of Marathon against the Greeks. His temper was so great that at Hellas Point he had the water whipped because it would not obey him (E49). One of several Greek war leaders in the Battle of Thermopylae was Leonidas, the second born son of King Anaxandridas. It was not until his half brother was killed under controversial circumstances that Leonidas rose to power (G72). Apart from misconceptions spread by the popular film “300,” the three hundred Spartans did not go into battle alone, and were accompanied by over eight hundred allies. Nevertheless, the Persians still outnumbered the Greeks ten to one, which is why it is incredible that the Greeks were able to hold them for three days before eventually losing that specific battle. Despite losing the battle in terms of soldiers and defending greece, the battle of thermopylae was somewhat successful in that it was a demonstration of the courage of greek soldiers, impressive battle tactics,
“No man ever proves himself a good man in war unless he can endure to face the blood and the slaughter, go against the enemy and fight with his hands.” The preceding was quoted from “The Spartan creed” by the poet Tyrtaeus. There are two authors in this primary resource reading which include Tyrtaeus as well as Xenophon, whom authored “The laws and customs of the Spartans”. These two works give great detail to the Spartan society. As history has presented it, Sparta was a smaller polis and yet was one of the most, if not most, influential societies in history. What we know of this culture comes to us from excavation of its heritage as well as literary works such as these. But are these “eyes” into history factual and creditable enough to base our own interpretations of such a masterful race? These writings are great resources for Spartan’s war enhanced values and societal customs, but lack in evidence of governmental affairs and religion. This lacking may have been due to both writer’s motives for their work.
An honourable death is preferable to a dishonourable life.... At Lacedaemon everyone would be ashamed to allow a coward into the same tent as himself, or allow him to be his opponent in a match at wrestling...."