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Forensic psychology in criminal investigations
What are the contributions of psychology in understanding criminal behaviour
Psychology contributes to the Criminal Justice System
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At times, criminal cases may seem to be open and shut. However, cases such as these rarely occur. Criminal investigations are time consuming. This process could take months, even years to complete, depending on the severity of the crime and other factors. Unfortunately, police officers and other members of law enforcement do not have a great deal of time to spend on just one case. This is how solvability factors come to light. First and foremost, solvability factors are aspects of a criminal case used to determine the likelihood of it being solved (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). In fact, crimes without a witness, victim who is willing to cooperate with authorities, a known suspect, or with an unidentifiable suspect are most likely not going to be solved (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Interstate murders are an example of crimes that may never be solved. This type of murder lacks witnesses, suspects, physical evidence, and the location of where the crime originated. Furthermore, interstates connect states and are traveled by a great deal of people daily, which lessen the chance of these murders being solved. Secondly, solving a crime is complex. Criminal investigations are long and …show more content…
In crime drama shows, such as Criminal Minds, this process assists law enforcement with identifying apprehending the suspect 100% of the time. However, psychological profiling, in real crime cases, only assists agents with decreasing the number of suspects, not in identifying those unknown (Brandl, 2002). In fact, a statistical analysis was performed on psychological profiling by the FBI in 1984. The study concluded that 88 of the 192 cases, where this process was used, were solved (Brandl, 2002). However, psychological profiling assisted in solving only seventeen percent of the eighty-eight solved cases (Brandl, 2002). Therefore, this process is not as useful as television portrays it to
Forensic Psychology: Criminal Profiling - Peter Dupas Research Research Questions: - What is criminal profiling and what is its purpose? - What are the description and summary of Peter Dupas' crimes, including any signature behaviors? - What is the offender's history (criminal/personal), characteristics, employment status, socioeconomic status, marital status, and prediction of future behaviors? - If a stalker, what type of stalker is Peter Dupas, and what are the reasons for stalking? Notes in Point Form only: - Criminal profiling is a technique used to assist in identifying and apprehending likely criminal offenders for a crime.
This type of criminal profiling is quick, accurate, and easy. But, it is the opposite in real life. People in today’s society believe that actual crime solving is as easy as it is in Hollywood while in reality it takes weeks, maybe even months, for criminal profilers to narrow the suspects down to one person. On reality shows, every case is solved within the forty-five plus minutes of every episode. These unrealistic events set people up for a lot of confusion. These shows don’t go into much detail on how they solve these crimes and catch the “bad guys” you just know that they put some papers in machines and somehow have a database containing the faces of hundreds to thousands of people. This type of database does not even exist yet. Though progress is being made, there is no piece of machinery that can pinpoint the face of any person of your choosing. So, knowing this, it seems quite difficult to grasp the thought that these crime shows would ever be able to get any actual work done because without these “machines” that they use on their shows, they would be unable to catch their “guy” as quickly and easily as they do. Therefore, criminal profiling would be known as a boring and dragging event that most people would not be interested in were it not for the exaggerations applied to the processes that occur in the “crime-fighting, inspired countless movies, television shows, and best-selling thrillers.” Our reality is distorted by the media, causing people to believe some of the craziest things. Along with over-exaggerating reality, society has set standards and stereotypes that many people
The RAND Study pointed out that investigative work from a detective's position is time-consuming where as a responding officer gets the call handled more quickly. The RAND Study details that it takes time for a detective to locate a victim/suspect, prepare a case file for prosecution, time spent in court, traveling that is required within the scope of an investigation, and attaching any analysis to the case file that has been finalized, not to include the disposition of that particular case (Hoover, 2014).
police then look for a suspect who might possibly have committed it. Profiling means that a suspect is discovered and the police then look for a crime for the person to have possibly committed” (Tator & Henry, 2003, p3).
Many police departments have researched the effectiveness of using solvability factor checklists as screening process to ensure detectives devote their time to important cases that possess a realistic chance of being solved (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Due to effectiveness of these checklists and point scoring many police departments have adapted their crime reports to emphasize solvability factors (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). I agree with using solvability factors to determine case assignment and manage investigative caseloads, especially when it pertains to property crimes. Solvability factors cannot be used as an elimination process in all cases due to officers’ concern, for political reasons, public safety, and some cases are so important or serious they will require a follow-up investigation despite an improbable chance of solvability (Dempsey & Forst,
we do not know who the murderer is and what motive they have to murder
Serial murder investigations are the most difficult cases for investigators. Serial murder investigations can become wide spread, and can include many challenges that will require time, money and resources. An example of the commitment required to investigate a serial murder case is that of Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber. One investigator worked the investigation full time for 11 years. The day he made the Arrest was the day he retired. Serial murder is one of today’s most terrifying crimes. The killing of multiple people within various jurisdictions can alter everyday life for people residing within these communities. The result is intense pressure from the public and media placed on investigators to track down and apprehend these killers who commit such horrific acts to unsuspecting victims.
Criminal profiling is not just something that one as a law enforcement officer, jumps up to. It is usually done by forensic experts who have anatomical knowledge and are conversant with the criminal mind and culture. According to Fintzy (2000), it requires diligence, brainpower and the ability to query assumptions and presumptions. Thus a normal police officer would be confused when left to decipher the cause of a particular crime and would appear completely subdued if told to deduce the profile of the possible criminal. Criminal profiling itself as a process of deciphering criminals and their actions, began in 1969 and was advanced by the FBI (Turvey, 1997). According to many psychological experts on crime scenes, the scene of crime should and will always tell of the offender’s psychological disp...
Who says there are crimes known as unsolvable murder cases? The Lake Bodom murders occurred in Finland and involved four teenagers. Three of the teenagers were brutally murdered while one lived with serious injuries. The names of these young victims were Maila Irmeli Björklund and Anja Tuulikki Mäki, who were both fifteen-year-old girls at the time, while the third victim was an eighteen-year-old boy by the name of Seppo Antero Boisman. The lone survivor amongst the teenagers, Nils Gustafsson, was also eighteen along with his friend. These teenagers were camping along Lake Bodom when they were viciously attacked in their tent late into the night with a knife and a blunt weapon by an unknown assailant. Although
The process of using behavioral evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology, is called criminal profiling. Around the country, several agencies rely on the minds of criminal psychologists to lead them in the right direction in finding the correct offender. Criminal profiling provides investigators with knowledge of the appearance and behavior of a potential criminal. Criminal profilers are primarily employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, most commonly known as the FBI. (Walker)
Profiling itself has been in use since Jack the Ripper in London during the 1880s. George Phillips and Thomas Bond made predictions about the murderer’s personality based on the information at the crime scene (Winerman, 2004). The FBI now runs the Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) and the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) made popular by the television show Criminal Minds. Forensic profilers interact with a large variety of crime, but the focus of this paper will lie on the interaction of profiling and serial killers.
Criminal investigation involves the process of collecting and evaluating the exploratory evidence that is obtained from suspects through the interrogations (Pozzulo, Bennell, & Forth, 2014). Individual’s capacity to comprehend and make decision based on criminal behavior is also related to criminal investigation (Pozzulo et al., 2014). Specifically, the process of criminal investigation includes eyewitness testimony, interviewing, criminal profiling, performance measurement, and the impact of the criminal justice system on investigative practice (Tong, Bryant, & Horvath, 2009). Moreover, psychopathy trainings, such as understanding the motive of an offender, crime scene analysis, investigation of specific crime, are valuable and practical during the investigation (Whitson, 2011). Therefore, understanding criminal investigation allow forensic psychologists to evaluate more complex issues in
Historically, crime and criminals have always caught the attention of law-abiding citizens. Whenever there is mention of serial killers or unsolved murders or abductions, psychological profiling, now a household term, floats to the top of the list of concerns (Egger, 1999). Psychological profiling is an attempt to provide investigators with more information about an offender who has not yet been identified (Egger, 1999). Its purpose is to develop a behavioral composite that combines both sociological and psychological assessment of the would-be offender. It is generally based on the premise that an accurate analysis and interpretation of the crime scene and other locations related to the crime can indicate the type of person who could have committed the crime (Egger, 1999).
There have been many people that have researched how to kill another person and get away with it. Some even commit the crime, but very few keep from being caught (Behrle, 2014). Technology and methods used by the police and investigators has become so advanced, that it is extremely difficult to accomplish something so complicated and not leave a trace behind suggesting that the murderer was in the area or had anything to do with the crime (Manson,
Criminal investigation may be a terribly troublesome and dangerous operation of police work. Once a criminal offense happens, a police officer goes to the scene of the crime, gathers information, and searches for for the potential suspects. If in case, there are witnesses to the crime; criminal investigation becomes easier because the suspect is know. Downside arises once the cops don't have any witnesses to the crime and there's no physical proof found within the cri...