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Upton sinclair the jungle analysis
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Muckrakers in the Progressive Era enormously influenced the changes in legislation regarding food and health. During the Progressive Era, there was corruption in the government that impeded change in legislation, and the government poorly enforced health laws, misleading medicines that promised to “cure all”, and careless manufactures who did not care about the dangers of the medicine made went unregulated. Muckrakers exposed all of these problems to make a legislative change. Samuel Adams is a muckraker that wanted change. He wanted to expose the fake medicines that were in the market. Adams was widely known for his literature regarding patent medicines (Fee). Adams wanted to show and warn people of these medicines. He wanted the government to make laws to monitor these medicines. Adam wrote 11 articles on patent medicines called “The Great American Fraud” (Fee). The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was enacted on the …show more content…
same day as its companion bill, the Federal Meat Inspection Act (Cherny). Much of the credit for the Pure Food and Drug act of 1906 is given to Samuel Hopkins Adams (Fee). Thanks to the 11 articles, the government saw the problems and acted upon them. The 11 articles gave the government a reason to enable the Pure Food and Drug Act. Another muckraker that changed society during the progressive era was Upton Sinclair.
He helped expose the problems within the meat packing industry. He is mostly known for his book, “The Jungle”. Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meatpacking industry. “Sinclair wrote that meat for canning and sausage was piled on the floor before workers carried it off in carts holding sawdust, human spit and urine, rat dung, rat poison, and even dead rats. His most famous description of a meatpacking horror concerned a man who fell into steaming lard vats”(Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle'). Within his writings he described diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat, which shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws (Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle'). After this, president Roosevelt was able to write a letter to congress and make the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle'). This stopped any bad or mislabeled meat to enter the market for consumption (Upton Sinclair's 'The
Jungle'). One example of bad medicine is the Thalidomide crisis. In 1954 a West German manufacturer conceived of a drug called Thalidomide (Mintz, ‘Heroine’). The drug found its way to the market and many took it. The drug was supposed to help pregnant women with dizziness and migraines. This drug caused children to be born without legs, arms, or other limbs (Mintz, ‘Heroine’). It took eight months after the paperwork was sent to the FDA for the news about this devastating drug to reach the public (Mintz, ‘Heroine’). For eight months the drug went viral in several countries, being sold in large quantities before being prescribed(Mintz, ‘Heroine’). Many states already had laws regarding medicine by 1900. Most of the laws were not enforced well (Cherny). Someone in congress was trying to make the laws regarding medicine stronger, but was failing (Mintz). People needed to know what was going on. Congress had a secret meeting to deny the passing of the law, no one knew about it at the time (Mintz). After a story ran on the ineffectiveness of the government, the government rushed to strengthen the laws creating the kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962 (Mintz). Some of the “Cure alls” contained cocaine, heroin and morphine (Cherny). If a cure all actually cured you of the illness it promised to cure, some side effects sometimes led to death(Fee). If it weren’t for stories like these, many laws wouldn’t have happened and many things would still be the same. If it weren’t for the efforts of the muckrakers many laws wouldn’t have changed. We would still not know what exactly is in our medicine. We don’t have to worry about dying after taking medicine. We don’t have to worry about getting food poisoning because of bad meats or mislabeled meats. All thanks to people like Upton Sinclair and Samuel Hopkins Adams who wanted to bring the people the truth so they could be aware of these problems.
The novel follows a family of immigrants from Lithuania working in a meatpacking factory, and as the novel progresses, the reader learns of the revolting conditions within the factories. Sinclair’s The Jungle illustrates the concept of Bitzer’s “Rhetorical Situation” and Emerson’s quote quite effectively. For instance, the horrendous safety and health conditions of the packing factories were the exigencies that Upton Sinclair was making clear to the reader. The rhetorical audience that Sinclair aimed to influence with his novel was Congress and the president, as both had to agree in order to establish health and safety bills to better the conditions within factories. Sinclair’s efforts did not go unnoticed as in 1906 both the Meat Inspection Act, and the Pure Food and Drug act were approved by both Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt (Cherny,
However, that was not the case. When The Jungle was presented to the public, readers were astonished by the disgusting and unsanitary state in which the meat was being processed in. The community was more concerned with the meat conditions than they were with the horrific conditions the workers were faced with. So while the popularity of Sinclair’s work was not his original intentions, it still accomplished stages of reform. It can be assumed that Roosevelts initial reluctance to accept Sinclair’s novel was in part, directly connected to his disbelief that the Federal government had become so disconnected and oblivious to American industry and the complete lack of Federal oversight. This “disconnect” did not last long as The Pure Food and Drug Act, as well as, the Meat Inspection Act were both directly set in to place mere months after Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle was published. This type of reform supported progressive philosophy by preventing corporate owners from remaining above government regulation and started a trend in the way government regulators began to deal with corporate monopolies and trusts. The Jungle, along with other “muckrakers” began a series of Federal oversight reforms and regulatory guidance that soon began to take hold in other industries. Big industry would soon realize that they were not above the
Upton Sinclair, the author of The Jungle, wrote this novel to unveil the atrocious working conditions and the contaminated meat in meat-packing workhouses. It was pathos that enabled his book to horrify hundreds of people and to encourage them to take a stand against these meat-packing companies. To obtain the awareness of people, he incorporated a descriptive style to his writing. Ample amounts of imagery, including active verbs, abstract and tangible nouns, and precise adjectives compelled readers to be appalled. Durham, the leading Chicago meat packer, was illustrated, “having piles of meat... handfuls of dried dung of rats...rivers of hot blood, and carloads of moist flesh, and soap caldrons, craters of hell.” ( Sinclair 139). His description
The Jungle, the 1906 exposé of the Chicago meatpacking industry. The novel focuses on an immigrant family and sympathetically and realistically describes their struggles with loan sharks and others who take advantage of their innocence. More importantly, Sinclair graphically describes the brutal working conditions of those who find work in the stockyards. Sinclair's description of the main character's
The people who read it were so appalled by the disgusting filth, and the actual ingredients of the processed meat. The book provided the final drive for way for the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act and truth in labeling all passed by President Theodore Roosevelt. Also in the story, Sinclair concerns the readers with the abuse of immigrant workers, both men and women. This is partially why he uses the story of the man moving from Lithuania to America.
Taking place in the jungle of meat packing factories during the early 1900s in Chicago, a journalist by the name of Upton Sinclair dissects the savage inner workings of America’s working class factory lifestyle. Sinclair portrayed the grim circumstance that workers faced and the exploited lives of factory workers in Chicago. He became what was then called a mudrucker; a journalist who goes undercover to see first hand the conditions they were investigating. Being in poor fortune, Sinclair was able to blend into the surrounds of the factory life with his poor grimy clothing. The undercover journalist would walk into the factory with the rest of the men, examine its conditions, and record them when he returned home. It is the worker’s conditions
At the beginnings of the 1900s, some leading magazines in the U.S have already started to exhibit choking reports about unjust monopolistic practices, rampant political corruption, and many other offenses; which helped their sales to soar. In this context, in 1904, The Appeal to Reason, a leading socialist weekly, offered Sinclair $500 to prepare an exposé on the meatpacking industry (Cherny). To accomplish his mission, Sinclair headed to Chicago, the center of the meatpacking industry, and started an investigation as he declared“ I spent seven weeks in Packingtown studying conditions there, and I verified every smallest detail, so that as a picture of social conditions the book is as exact as a government report” (Sinclair, The Industrial Republic 115-16). To get a direct knowledge of the work, he sneaked into the packing plants as a pretended worker. He toured the streets of Packingtown, the area near the stockyards where the workers live. He approached people, from different walks of life, who could provide useful information about conditions in Packingtown. At the end of seven weeks, he returned home to New Jersey, shut himself up in a small cabin, wrote for nine months, and produced The Jungle (Cherny).
One the key pieces of legislation that was a prime example of the progressive era, was the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This law came about due to muckraking, and also because of public and political interests. Muckraking, such as Upton Sinclair’s piece, “The Jungle”, helped in the timing of the adoption of this legislature. This piece of legislature, allowed for the regulation of processed food items in United States food markets. The Pure Food and Drug Act was assigned to the Department of Agriculture under the Bureau of Chemistry (Law, 2004).
Muckraking was a powerful journalistic force, whose supporters made it become so. Muckraking was the practice of writers and critics exposing corrupt politicians and business practices. President Theodore Roosevelt made the term "muck-raker" popular. He once said
During the late 19th and early 20th century both the Populist Party and Progressive movement wanted to preserve some things, while also addressing the need for reform. Although many of the ideas and goals of these “Third parties” were initially not legislated and considered far-fetched, many of these ideas later became fundamental laws throughout American history. The Populists and Progressives were both grass roots movements, and addressed the needs of the poor and powerless, for the Populists it was farmers and for the Progressives it was urban lower and middle class workers. These two movements attempted to bring the powerless peoples issues to national politics. The Populists and Progressives wanted to preserve some American ideals of the past, such as a sense of community and the ability for farmers and workers to live happily without economic strains. Populists were more oriented to the plight of the farmer while the Progressives included women's rights, and protection of the consumer and labor.
At the turn of the twentieth century “Muckraking” had become a very popular practice. This was where “muckrakers” would bring major problems to the publics attention. One of the most powerful pieces done by a muckraker was the book “The Jungle”, by Upton Sinclair. The book was written to show the horrible working and living conditions in the packing towns of Chicago, but what caused a major controversy was the filth that was going into Americas meat. As Sinclair later said in an interview about the book “I aimed at the publics heart and by accident hit them in the stomach.”# The meat packing industry took no responsibility for producing safe and sanitary meat.
The Progressive Movement The progressive movement of the early 20th century has proved to be an intricately confounded conundrum for American historians. Who participated in this movement? What did it accomplish, or fail to accomplish? Was it a movement at all? These are all significant questions that historians have been grappling with for the last 60 years, thus creating a historical dialogue where in their different interpretations interact with each other.
No Author. "Pure food and drug act." wikipedia 23 March 2005. 4 oct. 2007 .
One common misconception is to view the Progressive movement as a unified core of reform-minded crusaders dedicated to improving the social welfare of American society. While this viewpoint is not entirely incorrect, it is only a partial and thereby misleading assessment of the movement that categorized the early part of the nineteenth-century. What some may fail to appreciate is the duality of the period-the cry for social welfare reforms juxtaposed against the demand for optimum efficiency through scientific controls.
Another important group in the fight against unjust societal institutions were the muckrakers, a new brand of investigative journalists who sought to expose issues including immigrant life and political corruption, among many others. Muckrakers were often encouraged to “terrify evil doers and arouse the consciousness.” In addition, many journalists regarded their craft to be the “guardian and nourisher of civic virtue.” By viewing their profession as an element of civic good, muckrakers gained a sense of legitimacy amongst the American media.