The Reign Of King James VI

James VI was born on June 19, 1566 at Edinburgh Castle and starred out the King of Scotland and then became the James I and was named the King of England. The Kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. As a young boy he was the only son of Mary, who was the queen of Scotland, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. He was baptized “Charles James” on December 17, 1566 in a catholic ceremony held at Stirling Castle. James’s father was murdered on February 10, 1567 in Edinburgh. He then inherited his father’s titles of Duke of Albany and Earl of Ross. From that day on, he wore a heavy iron chain cilice around

Charles was the second king of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent most of the rest of his life. After his succession, Charles had a disagreement with the Parliament of England. Charles believed in the divine right of Kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliament consent. From 1642, Charles found the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason on January 30,1649. The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared. The monarchy was restored to Charle’s son, Charles II, in

His parents were Charles I and Henrietta Maria and he was their second son and child. The first son was born about a year before Charles but died within a day. Charles was baptized in the Chapel Royal on June 27 by the Anglican Bishop of London. At birth, Charles automatically became Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay, along with other associated titles. On his eighth birthday, he was designated Prince of Wales, though he was never formally invested. Charle’s English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. Charles accepted the Clarendon Code even though he favored a policy of religious tolerance. He attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it. Charles was popularly known as the Merry Monarch, in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans. Charles’ wife didn’t bore any live children, but he acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses. Despite the Stewart family connections through Henrietta Maria and the Princess of Orange, France and the Dutch Republic allied themselves with Cromwell’s government from 1654, forcing Charles to turn for aid to