1. History, Progress Description about this project and Introduction about dead sea:
The Dead Sea, the most salty lake and the Earth lowest place on the land, borders Israel and Palestine to the west and bordering Jordan to the east. The salinities is about 10 times as salty as the world ocean average. Thanks to the high salinities, both tourism industry and chemical industry benefits from it. Tourists can float on the water surface because of its high buoyancy. Chemical factory can got tons of brine by evaporation methods to make fertilizer.
Rainfall in the Dead Sea region is very low in nature. Jordan River is the only main water supply for the Dead Sea. Some small underground spring also provide some amount of water for Dead Sea. Due to unlimited use of the water in Jordan River for household, agriculture and industrial consumption, the total input of water into the Dead sea has decreased significantly. The total volume of water input from Jordan River has decreased from 1,300 m3 to 260 m3. TO solve the problem of quick decline, the water diversion project from Read Sea to Dead sea has been proposed as a solution to increase the recharging volume into the Dead sea and the feasibility study has been made by the World Bank.
In 2005, the government of Jordan, Israel and Palestinian proposed the “Red Sea Dead Sea water conveyor (RSDSWC)” project which aim at connecting the Dead Sea and the Red Sea by making 1 110 miles canal between 2 water body. Please see the graph below to visualize the ongoing project.
Graph1. Graph of the ongoing “Red Sea Dead Sea water conveyor (RSDSWC)” project
According to the water minister of the Jordan, The government in Jordan has finally given permission for one of biggest projects in...
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...rael, Jordan and the District of Jericho.” MSc thesis. Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel ,(2006)
"Agriculture by the Dead Sea."Life from the Dead Sea. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea#cite_note-WorldBank-40
World Bank, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Department, Area C and the Future of the Palestinian Economy, October 2, 2013
Ahmed N. Bdour. “Perspectives on a Strategic Jordanian Water Project: The Red Sea to Dead Sea Water Conveyance Construction.” Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 3 (1): 121-126(2012). Print.
"Israel, Jordan, Palestinians Agree on Dead Sea Water Pipeline Project."DW.DE. Web. 27 Sep. 2013. .
Lewis, Bernard. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York: Scribner,
Anson Rainey and R. Steven Notley are the authors of The Sacred Land Bridge, which is an Atlas of the biblical world and includes maps, pictures, and historical cementation as to the significance of this region. The biblical world that this atlas focuses on is defined as the eastern Mediterranean littoral, or more commonly called the Levant in modern archeological discussions. In my critique of this book I will be focusing on pages 30-34 which will define the boundaries and explain the importance of the Levant.
This marked the beginning of the Palestine armed conflict, one of its kinds to be witnessed in centuries since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and World War 1. Characterized by a chronology of endless confrontations, this conflict has since affected not only the Middle East relations, but also the gl...
"Israeli Reponse to Arab League to Divert Jordan". Jewish Virtual Library. From a speech by Levi Eshkil given on January 21, 1964. Retrieved on September 10, 2002. .
of the Aswan Dam on the Nile River in Egypt. Nasser managed to build this important
It is located in the Jordan Rift valley between the African plate and the Arabian plate, with Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west. One thing that makes the Dead Sea even more interesting is that it is earth’s lowest elevation on land. It is one of the saltiest bodies of water ever discovered. The Jordan River is the Dead Sea’s major source for water. The Biblical reference to the “Dead Sea” is salt sea, sea of Arabah, or the Eastern Sea. According to the Bible King David used the Dead Sea for refuge. Dwellings near the Dead Sea are recorded in the Bible as having taken place before the Israelites came to Cannan. Also the cities mentioned in the Book of Genesis that were destroyed during the time of Abraham are somewhere on the southeastern shore. Furthermore, “In Ezekiel 47:8-9 there is a specific prophecy that the sea will "... be healed and made fresh", becoming a normal lake capable of supporting marine life. A similar prophecy is stated in Zechariah 14:8, which says that "Living waters will go out from Jerusalem, half of them to the eastern sea (likely the Dead Sea) and half to the western sea (the Mediterranean)..." The Dead Sea today is a supplier of a multitude of products. The Egyptians use asphalt from the area to aid in mummification process. Also, potash to make fertilizers come from the Dead Sea, and the salt and minerals are often used to make make-up products. The medical
Haghighat, Elhum. "Social status and change: the question of access to resources and women's empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa." Journal of International Women's Studies 14.1 (2013): 273+. Global Issues In Context. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.
Bourke, Dale Hanson. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Tough Questions, Direct Answers. Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity, 2013. N. pag. Print.
Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1991. Print.
Kamrava, Mehran. "The Arab-Israeli Wars." The Modern Middle East: A Political History since the First World War. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 2010. 109-39. Print.
Jordan’s demographic balance is made up of ethnic Jordanians, non-Arab immigrants who came before Jordan’s independence (i.e Circassians, Chechens, and Armenians), several waves of Palestinians, Lebanese, Iraqis, African refugees from primarily Sudan and Somalia and recently refugees from Syria. The integration of these ethnic groups generally depend on the time of their arrival with those arriving the earliest having integrated the most and therefore are the least vulnerable. The further integration of certain refugee groups namely Palestinians remain hampered by political considerations namely the Israeli-Palestinian peace deal that would foresee the establishment of a new Palestinian state. Despite Palestinians being short of full political citizens, the general situation of Palestinians is considerably better off than those from la...
Organized by the regional authorities, every Egyptian had to move about thirty cubic metres of soil in about ten days every year. With this relatively small investment of labour, they kept the system in working order. Once the main canals, many of them natural, were in place, they just had to be dredged y...
Telhami, Shibley. "Understanding the Challenge." The Middle East Journal 25 (2002): 9-18. The Middle East Journal. Web. 22 May 2011.
...t Platform. (2013 November). Needs assessment review of the impact of the Syrian crisis on Jordan. Retrieved from http://static.squarespace.com/static/522c2552e4b0d3c39ccd1e00/t/52dcf892e4b0089d67000ab4/1390213266613/Needs%20Assessment%20Review_Jordan.pdf
The Aral sea used to be the forth largest inland body of water. It had a fishing industry that employed 60,000 people and it attracted thousands of tourists. Today the Aral Sea is biologically dead and has shrunk by approximately 75-80% in volume and 50-60% in area. (See Attachment 1. The chronology of the desiccation of the Aral Sea). Fishing towns such as Muinak are now 60 kilometers inland. Approximately 75 million tons per year of toxic salt from the exposed seabed are blown over thousands of kilometers of inhabited land increasing the already high level of salinity and worsening the environmental situation.