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Literature during the industrial revolution essay
Features of 19th century literature
American literature 1700-1820
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The realism era is one of the most over looked time frames for literature during the last 5 centuries. In the mid 1800s through the mid 1900s some of the most famous authors and novels arose. During the realist era, literature took a turn, around 1820 the romantic era changed, and the progress of this new era began. Realism was different from the romantic era because realism narrates the literary works through an objective, unbiased perspective (Realism 654). In fact the narrator is not a character in the story rather an invisible presence that remains outside of the realm of the story (Rahn). These authors and poets of the realist era were masters of psychological characterization (Rahn). They tried to accurately represent contemporary culture to enhance even just one single character. And the writers did so through dialogue, they captured regional dialects as well as the difference in speech patterns (Realism 663).
The authors of this time tried to change the writing style by changing the themes. A new theme arose called socioeconomic, which highlights the difference between the rich and the poor class (Realism 661). Many of the realist authors addressed social, economical, and political concerns through their depictions of socioeconomic class conflict (Rahn). Many of the writings which are set to the theme of socioeconomic where mainly based in the city, although a few authors set their novels to a less upbeat country setting. Throughout the novels, and plays, authors depict various aspects of life in the rapidly industrializing world, yet most are set in the midst of specific historical events during the 18th and the 19th centuries (Realism 661). Working along with themes of socioeconomics, and the city, other themes became m...
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...0." Literary Movements. Dept. of English, Washington State University. 4 July 2013. Web. 6 Dec. 2013.
"Objectivity of Realism: Literature." World Eras. Ed. James R. Farr. Vol. 9: Industrial Revolution in Europe, 1750-1914. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 67-70. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Dec. 2013.
Rahn, Josh. "Realism." Literature Periods & Movements. Jalic Inc., 2011. Web. 6 Dec. 2013. .
"Realism." Literary Movements for Students: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Literary Movements. Ed. Ira Mark Milne. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 654-681. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Dec 2013.
Rubin, James H. "Realism." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 5. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. 2014-2016. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Dec. 2013.
First, Realism is a definite movement away from the Romantic period. Romantics wrote regarding the unique and the unusual, whereas in Realism, literature was written about the average and ordinary. The town where the novel takes place is Starkfield, an average farming community. There is not much in the town that is of interest or anything extravagant to be known for. In addition, literature from Romanticism focused on hopes, while Realistic literature illustrated skepticism and doubt. The narrator describes the scene where Zeena declares to Ethan that her sickness is getting serious, saying, "She continued to gaze at him ...
Literary realism has been defined by George J. Becker in an essay called Modern Language Quarterly with three criteria: “verisimilitude of detail…an effort to approach the norm of experience…and an objective, so far as an artist can achieve objectivity, rather than a subjective or idealistic view of human nature and experience” (Pizer 1). This, however, is not the only definition of realism that exists. Donald Pizer proposed to define realism as is applied to the “late nineteenth-century American novel” (2). This is important ...
...l Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995. 249-263.
After World War I, American people and the authors among them were disillusioned by the effects that war had on their society. America required a literature that would expound what had happened and what was happening to their society. The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and its problems. This realistic movement evolved because of many changes and transitions in American culture. In the late 1800's, the United States was experiencing swift growth and change because of a changing economy, society, and culture. The increase of immigrants into America was one of the reasons. Realists endeavored to give a comprehensive picture of modern life by presenting the entire picture. The true definition of literary realism as defined by Encyclopedia Britannica is an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity. Although realism is not limited to any one-century or group of writers, it is most often associated with the literary movement in 19th-century France, specifically with the French novelists Flaubert and Balzac. George Eliot introduced realism into England, and William Dean Howells introduced it into the United States. Realism has been chiefly concerned with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle and lower classes, where character is a product of social factors and environment is the integral element in the dramatic complications.
Realism claims that what we can review about our surrounding is established in the fact that they absolutely exist. What we believe about gathered information is what we think about the actual world. It states that there is an actual world that assimilates directly with what we think about it.
Realism occurs everyday, one may not know but its the reason why know not everyone gets to live their lives to a happy ending, its the reason why sometimes you can't get everything you want in your life. Realism is the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. Realism is a trend which takes place in the nineteenth century during which literature depicted life "as is," and focuses on real life. This literary movement frequently depicted everyday life; it follows the rule of a phenomenal world and that nothing is added to your life. It is the reverse job of what a filter would do to all the troubles that one may encounter later in life. Realism is represented in Kate Chopin's short stories The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings. In both the short stories, the main characters get to face a dream/fantasy that they’ve always wanted to encounter; something rare that lasted only for a short amount of time. The freedom that each character got was some sort of new freedom that they never experienced before. For example in The Story of an Hour, the main character Louise Mallards is feels oppressed because she can't live for herself. She realizes at the end that her husband was alive the whole time and that her short fantasy came to an end. She thought that it would last forever until the death of her but she was wrong. Another example of realism is A Pair of Silk Stockings, the main character of this story was Little Mrs Sommers. She finds fifteen dollars on the floor and this feeling of having this much money eventually controls her until its all gone. Her lack of being able to control herself and curiosity controls her and the money. W...
Realism is a style of writing which shows how things are in life. It showed how mostly every person thought life was just perfect. They were not seeing the
"Neoclassicism." A Guide to the Study of Literature: A Companion Text for Core Studies. Comp. English Department Brooklyn College. 6th ed. Landmarks of Literature. Brooklyn College. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. .
Kennedy, X. J., & Gioia, D. (2010). Literature an introduction to fiction, poetry, drama and
Francis, Ted. Realism in the Novels of the Harlem Renaissance. New York, NY: Writers Club, 2002. www.wikipedia.org. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.
Scheidenhelm, Carol. "Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism." Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism. Loyola University Chicago, 14 Aug. 2007. Web. 05 May 2014.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1683) on the other hand, redefined the concept of human nature when challenging the classical view of human nature by Aristotle as idealistic perceptive of humans controlling their desire through reason, simultaneously being moral and social animals by nature. According to Hobbes, the human being is not moral, nor social, but has: “a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceases only in death” (Hobbes 2009, XI 2). With the inevitable and constant struggle for power, Hobbes contributed to conceptualize human nature, which became fundamental in realism. Hobbes characterized human nature as egoistic within the state of nature, and introduces the social contract theory in order for man to survive in anarchy.
Raman Selden, Peter Widdowson, and Peter Brooker. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. 4th ed. London: Prentice Hall and Harvester Wheatrsheaf. 1997.
Gavin argues, “During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, empirical philosophy recognized a perilous disconnect between knowledge and the actual existence of things in the world” (Gavin 301-325). These ideas of knowledge, and those of the real world, were shaped by Descartes’ theory that reality is perceived by the individual and is not attached to previous ideas of reality. Unlike the novels before, realistic novels appealed to middle-class readers who wanted to read about ordinary people; they could see themselves as main characters in the story (Mario). With the influence of Descartes, novels and the genre of realism came together forming realistic novels. Realism is the attempt to depict all characteristics of human life with such attention to detail that the events seem as realistic as possible, as if readers could perhaps know the characters personally or even be them. Regarding Crusoe, he faces many realistic chall...