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Influence of concentration on the rate of a reaction
Influence of concentration on the rate of a reaction
Influence of concentration on the rate of a reaction
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The Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid
Planning.
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) ---- CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2
The rate of reaction depends on how hard and how often the reacting
particles collide with each other.
A rate of reaction is how fast a reaction takes place.
The main variables that can change a rate of reaction are;
1. Temperature.
2. Concentration.
3. Surface area (of a solid).
4. A catalyst.
5. Pressure.
1. When the temperature is increased all the particles move quicker,
therefore there are more collisions.
2. If the solution is made more concentrated there will be more
particles of the reactant colliding between the water molecules which
makes collisions between the reactants more likely.
3. If a reactant is a solid, then breaking it up into smaller pieces
(but keeping the mass the same) will increase its surface area. If
there is a larger surface area the reacting particles will have more
of an area to react with, therefore there will be more collisions.
4. A catalyst works by giving the reacting particles something to
stick to where they can collide with each other, because they are all
attracted to the catalyst there are going to be more collisions. A
catalyst does not get used up in a reaction.
5. In a gas increasing the pressure means molecules are more squashed
up together, so there will be more collisions.
My Investigation.
I am going to investigate the concentration variable. I have chosen
this because in my opinion it will be the easiest one to measure.
With heating the solution, then adding the chips, I think it would be
hard to keep the solution at a constant temperature.
With the surface area variable I think that the experiment would be
inaccurate because if you did the experiment twice with apparently the
same sized chips, the results would be different because the chips
would not have exactly the same surface area.
I think that the catalyst experiment would not be as interesting and
The increase in temperature will therefore increase the rate of reaction. As this is the variable I am measuring I will not keep the temperature constant and therefore I will be varying it. Volume of water- if the volume of the water is increased there is more likelihood that there will be more collisions.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
5. The amount of calcium carbonate. 6. The form of calcium carbonate. (It is available in three forms powder, small stones or large stones) 7.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid I am investigating the rate of reaction between marble chips (calcium
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with magnesium Prediction: As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of reaction Hypothesis: In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough 'activation energy'. The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy, this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of successful collisions.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
• An increase in the temperature of the system will increase the rate of reaction. Again, using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagram, we can see how the temperature affects the reaction rate by seeing that an increase in temperature increases the average amount of energy of the reacting particles, thus giving more particles sufficient energy to react.
Only particles with enough energy to overcome the barrier will react after colliding. The minimum energy that a particle must have to overcome the barrier is called the activation energy, or Ea. The size of this activation energy is different for different reactions. I think that the concentration of a solution affects the rate of reaction because the rate of reaction depends on how frequently the molecules of the reacting substances collide. A more concentrated substance has more molecules at a given volume than a more dilute substance.
The concentration is the amount of particles in a certain amount of water. If a cross is placed under the beaker of the solution, the cross will eventually disappear because the high temperature of the water will make the particles move faster because they have more energy and they will move more quicker to give a bigger impact which will cause more frequent and violent collisions and the solution will disappear as the product forms to create a misty solution. The rate of reaction is normally recorded in tables and can then be defined onto graphs to show how the rate curves of different factors affect the speed of the reaction. A rate curve is the curve of a graph that shows how the reaction changes at different intervals.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence the rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects reaction rate because when the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.
t = time, a = volume of reactant, k is a constant of proportionality; x is the order of reaction. Because k is a constant of proportionality 1/t is directly proportional to the rate of reactant. Then to find out the order of reaction in a catalysed system the volume of ammonia molbydate is varied and the concentration of the other reactants kept the same. Thirdly to investigate the activation energies, the concentrations are kept the same and the temperature is varied.