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Influence of concentration on the rate of a reaction
Influence of concentration on the rate of a reaction
Influence of concentration on the rate of a reaction
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The Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid
Planning.
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) ---- CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2
The rate of reaction depends on how hard and how often the reacting
particles collide with each other.
A rate of reaction is how fast a reaction takes place.
The main variables that can change a rate of reaction are;
1. Temperature.
2. Concentration.
3. Surface area (of a solid).
4. A catalyst.
5. Pressure.
1. When the temperature is increased all the particles move quicker,
therefore there are more collisions.
2. If the solution is made more concentrated there will be more
particles of the reactant colliding between the water molecules which
makes collisions between the reactants more likely.
3. If a reactant is a solid, then breaking it up into smaller pieces
(but keeping the mass the same) will increase its surface area. If
there is a larger surface area the reacting particles will have more
of an area to react with, therefore there will be more collisions.
4. A catalyst works by giving the reacting particles something to
stick to where they can collide with each other, because they are all
attracted to the catalyst there are going to be more collisions. A
catalyst does not get used up in a reaction.
5. In a gas increasing the pressure means molecules are more squashed
up together, so there will be more collisions.
My Investigation.
I am going to investigate the concentration variable. I have chosen
this because in my opinion it will be the easiest one to measure.
With heating the solution, then adding the chips, I think it would be
hard to keep the solution at a constant temperature.
With the surface area variable I think that the experiment would be
inaccurate because if you did the experiment twice with apparently the
same sized chips, the results would be different because the chips
would not have exactly the same surface area.
I think that the catalyst experiment would not be as interesting and
Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid I am investigating the rate of reaction between marble chips (calcium
As the temperature increases, the movements of molecules also increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and therefore move around faster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particles and with more force.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
• An increase in the temperature of the system will increase the rate of reaction. Again, using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagram, we can see how the temperature affects the reaction rate by seeing that an increase in temperature increases the average amount of energy of the reacting particles, thus giving more particles sufficient energy to react.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
t = time, a = volume of reactant, k is a constant of proportionality; x is the order of reaction. Because k is a constant of proportionality 1/t is directly proportional to the rate of reactant. Then to find out the order of reaction in a catalysed system the volume of ammonia molbydate is varied and the concentration of the other reactants kept the same. Thirdly to investigate the activation energies, the concentrations are kept the same and the temperature is varied.
5. The amount of calcium carbonate. 6. The form of calcium carbonate. (It is available in three forms powder, small stones or large stones) 7.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with magnesium Prediction: As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of reaction Hypothesis: In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough 'activation energy'. The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy, this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of successful collisions.
Independent variables: The temperature of hcl gas will be decreased and increased throughout the experiment.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
Collisions between reacting particles are therefore more likely to occur. All this can be understood better with a full understanding of the collision theory itself: For a reaction to occur particles have to collide with each other. Only a small percentage result in a reaction. This is due to the energy barrier that is overcoming.
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.