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Great britain imperialism in india
Colonization in india
The effect of the British empire on India
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Ashis Nandy in his book “The intimate enemy” has tried to focus on the psychology of colonialism. I’ve observed that the book justifies its title very well as it sheds light on the fact that though Indians were protesting against colonial ideas as an enemy however, at the same time they were maintaining an intimacy with those colonial ideas.
The book stresses that the colonizers left an impact on the cognitive and physical levels of people as well and takes the idea of psychological resistance to colonialism seriously. According to Nandy’s own words – “the book is not mere a tale of history but it’s a cautionary tale that says that conventional anti-colonialism, too, could be an apologia for the colonization of minds.”
The book is divided
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According to the book, British cultural in India was not politically dominant. Pg-5 of book mentions that under first two Governor Generals, British were living like an Indian and most of them were married to Indian women and they used to offer Pooja to Hindu goddesses.
Missionary activities were banned and Indian laws dominated in the courts and system of education in India. There was an instance where British army raised revenue from a temple. Moreover, the earlier East India Company was not intended to govern India but to make money and British authority used to be regarded as “faintly comical” in India by visitors from Britain.
According to the book, the colonialism has begun after the flowering of evangelical spirit in new generation of middle class British. These new generation of colonizers amalgamated political and cultural aspects with the colonialism. The Raj started thinking their rule as an agent of progress and mission while visualizing Indians as crypto-barbarian with a dire need of civilization. This resulted into a situation where Indians felt that their salvation lies in becoming more like the British, in amity or in
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As I have mentioned in earlier paragraph, the book takes three concepts to describe the sexual orientation – Purustava, Naritva and Klimbatva. Pursatva was regarded as dominant , Naritva as dominated and Klimbatva as a taboo sexual orientation.
The book also draws our attention to other psychological aspects of different layer of society. The lower class were expected to show their manliness and sexual prowess. They were regarded as violent and virile. Nevertheless, the upper classes tend to affirm their masculinity by distancing themselves from sexual prowess, abstinence and self control.
The book beautifully explains the psychological impact on the minds of colonizers. The colonizers believed that colonial exploitation is incidental and is par to higher form of philosophy of life. They couldn’t rule a continent sized country by having moral cripples and hence to preserve a minimum of self-esteem they thought that whatever they are doing is directly related to the values and norms of their
Post-colonialism is a discourse draped in history. In one point in time or another, European colonialism dominated most non-European lands since the end of the Renaissance. Naturally, colonialists depicted the cultures of non-Europeans incorrectly and inferior. Traditionally, the canon has misappropriated and misrepresented these cultures, but also the Western academia has yet to teach us the valuable and basic lessons that allow true representations to develop. Partly in response, Post-colonialism arose. Though this term is a broad one, Post-colonialists generally agree on certain key principles. They understand that colonialism exploits the dominated people or country in one way or another, evoking inequalities. Examples of past inequalities include “genocide, economic exploitation, cultural decimation and political exclusion…” (Loomba 9-10). They abhor traditional colonialism but also believe that every people, through the context of their own cultures, have something to contribute to our understanding of human nature (Loomba 1-20). This is the theme that Lewis prescribes in his, self described, “satirical fantasy”, Out of the Silent Planet (Of Other 77).
Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement in India to regain their freedom. He believed that there should not be a Caste System because of one’s birth.
The British considered Indian civilization to be inferior and implemented their western ways, overriding ancient Indian customs. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that British imperialism in India resulted in both positive as well as negative reforms in political, economic and social aspects of its new colony. To begin with, one can observe that the British colonizers did indeed improve Indian civilization by developing means of communication and transport. They built a great number of bridges, over 40,000 miles of railway and paving an astounding 70,000 miles of road (Doc. 4. The adage of the adage.
Between the years 1600 and 1950 british used the land of India to their advantage. During this time, British expansion was at its prime. As time went on Indian culture slowly morphed more and more into British culture. British Tradition became the new normal for the people of india. Most of the indian inhabitants worked as plantation slaves, where they spent their life starving and sweating. They starved because the crops that they harvested were sold by british plantation owners. Cash crops like Tobacco and wheat were harvested and sold because they were in high export demand. India was one of many huge sources of british income because the terrain was ideal for farming. Not only that but they had all of the indian people there to do their
Césaire states that “colonization works to decline the colonizer, to brutalize him in the truest sense of the word, to degrade him, to awaken him to buried instincts, to covetousness, violence, race hatred and moral relativism” (Césaire, 173). This can be seen
She points out how white tourists think that the establishments and systems left behind from colonization are things that the natives should be thankful for. White tourists think that the natives “are not responsible for what you have; you owe them nothing; in fact, you did them a big favour, and you can provide one hundred examples.” (10) Ironically, while they seem to think that the natives should be thankful for certain remnants of colonization, white tourists refuse to take responsibility for the actions of their ancestors that caused former colonies to be in the state they are in now. In thinking that the “West got rich not from the free …and then undervalued labour” (10), but instead through the “ingenuity of small shopkeepers in Sheffield and Yorkshire and Lancashire, or wherever”, white tourists refuse to acknowledge that it was the oppression of these former colonies that led to the growth of their own race whilst attributing to the decline of these colonies. In believing in their own superiority and refusing to acknowledge this, white tourists continue to willingly take part in a system that oppresses natives of formerly colonized islands because they see no wrong in doing
C.A.Bayly, Indian Society: and the making of the British Empire,(Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1998
"All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British "How can you do these things? They're against your own basic values.". We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round - it was their values that made us revolt." -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989)
The blacks resort to magic in order to be free of colonial confines (20). The blacks feel that they are inferior to their white colonizers. As such, they begin searching for salvation form colonialism (24). Therefore, they use magic for the sake of peace and “psychological tranquility” that they long lost during the colonial attacks. The novel’s colonial atmosphere offers gloomy hints about colonialism and how it might negatively affect the colonized people psyches (24). As a sequence, colonialism imposes sever psychological complication that gradually destruct the colonized people’s psyches. In this sense, colonialism is depicted as the main source of psychic complication that should be amended by using “traditional” tools of resistance
Exploration led to colonization and was carried out for many reasons but the main reasons include religion, status, economic purposes, resources and militarily tactical purposes. Much of early colonization was for trading of raw materials between continents and countries. Dominant religions sought to spread gospel and “civilize” the indigenous people by making them conform to Western beliefs and ways. Status and recognition was also pursued by country leaders w...
This essay is about the effect of Colonialism seen in the book Things Fall Apart. Through out the whole book you can see different impressions on the tribe, many other people, and the relationships between the white man and the black man. "Does the white man understand our custom about land?" "How can he when he does not even speak our tongue? But he says that our customs are bad; and our own brothers who have taken up his religion also say that our customs are bad. How do you think we can fight when our own brothers have turned against us? The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart." (Achebe, 17)
While the economic and political damage of the scramble for Africa crippled the continent’s social structure, the mental warfare and system of hierarchy instituted by the Europeans, made the continent more susceptible to division and conquest. The scramble for partition commenced a psychological warfare, as many Africans were now thrust between the cultural barriers of two identities. As a result, institutions for racial inferiority became rooted in the cultural identity of the continent. This paper will expound on the impact of colonialism on the mental psyche of Africans and the employment of the mind as a means to seize control. I will outline how the mental hierarchy inculcated by the Europeans paved the way for their “divide and conquer” tactic, a tool essential for European success. Through evidence from a primary source by Edgar Canisius and the novel, King Leopold’s Ghost, I will show how colonial influences heightened the victimization of Africans through psychological means. I will culminate by showing how Robert Collins fails to provide a holistic account of colonialism, due to his inability to factor in the use of psychological warfare as a means to the end. By dissecting the minds of both the colonizer and the colonized, I hope to illustrate the susceptibility of African minds to European influences and how psychological warfare transformed Africans from survivors to victims during colonialism.
This perspective allows readers to understand the negative ways that colonization affects the colonized. Historical fiction like God’s Bits of Wood and No Longer at Ease are good educational tools to shed light on the history and effects of colonization, but they do not provide a completely reliable source for factual information. God’s Bits of Wood and No Longer at Ease are similar in their displays of linguistic colonization by their colonizers. In both novels, the linguistic colonization affects those colonized by creating conflict between different the social classes and generations.... ...
This essay will be about a comparative study of the representation of colonialism as a positive or negative force. The texts that are being used are my core text ‘Heart of Darkness’ by Joseph Conrad and ‘Collected Poems’ by Rudyard Kipling. The partner text will be ‘Swami and Friends’ by R. K. Narayan.
The British invasion formed into a historical development of British colonialism in India. Despite India under the British rule, Mahatma Gandhi played an important role in gaining Independence. He not only changed India but also strongly fought for India's independence, using various strategies. The British Empire ruled as long as they could to reform India both politically and socially.