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Qualitative versus quantitative research
Qualitative versus quantitative research
Qualitative versus quantitative research
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1. Quantitative methods are mostly used through numerical data, which means it is countable and it comes from a data collection. So I personally think,the best topics to be studied would be, students not finishing their studies or the increasing number of minor 's crimes. On the other hand, qualitative methods could be used to formulate new research questions when a quantitative method research seems difficult to generate new hypotheses and ideas. The qualitative methods present facts and figures through observations and interviews. The topics I would be studied for qualitative methods are people 's experience with food and body image and also one of the most important one why people decide to take loans in order to pay their education.
2. Experiments, are very important tools in researches. Usually, in experiments, two or more groups are studied, and one of the many advantages is that depending on the experiment, the researcher can see a cause and effect relationship and be sure of who his or her experiment is going. One disadvantage of experiments, is that the result of it, cannot be generalized for the entire population, but only for the group studied.
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Researchers have to decide where to locate their observations, and once this is done, they need to decide who, where, and what to observe. Field studies is a study in which the researchers keep asking themselves questions about including different kinds of observations, or expand the kind of people and interaction they are focusing on. The data of field studies are very impegnative and need to be reviewed constantly, so to avoid wasting precious time in case of mistakes. The advantage of field studies is the total immersion in a total different culture or subculture for periods of time, and it offers interactions, individuals and contexts to
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
Science is applied to the world with experiments. Scientists created the scientific method to make a “conclusion about the world around them” (1). “The Scientific Method helps to “organize thoughts and procedures to finalized conclusions” (2). The Scientific Method consists of six steps to carry out an experiment reach. The first step is, ask a question. When an individual questions the things around them they tend to do an experiment to see if it can be affected by something. Before you can perform the experiment the second step is to find background research about the topic. Understanding the question and analyzing it can help a person gain insight and a greater depth of understanding. The third step of the method is creating a statement
In order to have a successful, reliable experiment you need sufficient data and evidence, reliable research, variables to test and a follow – up experiment. There are several types of variables you need to do an experiment. An independent variable is the manipulated experimental factor that is changed to see what the effects are. A dependent variable is the outcome. This factor can change in an experiment in reaction to the changes in the independent variable. An experimental group is the group of participants that are exposed to the change that the independent variable represents. The control group is participants who are treated in the same way as the experimental group except for the manipulated factor which is the independent variable (King 24). Proper data, evidence and research is also needed so the experiment turns out correctly and you know what you are testing. A follow – up experiment is not required, however it helps the validity of the conclusion of the experiment. Validity is “the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment” (King 25). Conducting a follow – up experiment will help researchers and people alike see if the experiment worked properly, continues to help people and see how participants are doing after the experiment is over.
Participant observation is a method of collecting information and data about a culture and is carried out by the researcher immersing themselves in the culture they observing. The researcher becomes known in the community, getting to know and understand the culture in a more intimate and detailed way than would be possible from any other approach. This is done by observing and participating in the community’s daily activities. The method is so effective because the researcher is able to directly approach the people in the community in a natural context as opposed to taking the participant out of their environment. The aim of participant observation is to gain an understanding the subject’s life from their perspective, with the purpose of collecting more detailed information about a community’s habits, opinions, relationships and issues.
The laboratory experiment gives the experimenter a greater chance to control the conditions and enables you to measure behaviour with greater precision. This method also allows for quantative research and also enables greater control of variables. Although it gives the experimenter greater control, this can also seem daunting to the subject who may feel more uncomfortable and is less likely to ...
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
Descriptive and non-experimental research is very relevant in the sciences, although many people may not understand that. Non-experimental research can come in two forms; a quantitative study, or a qualitative study. A quantitative study can include research methods such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys and/or psychological tests (Smythe, 2014). A qualitative study can include research methods including qualitative interviews, focus groups, ethnographic research and/or historical research (Smythe, 2014). Both methods of non-experimental research are beneficial in the world of science or psychology as they can both produce new knowledge.
In order for an experiment to be considered a true experimental design, the design must fit specific criteria. The researcher must have a hypothesis for a cause and effect relationship between variables, the treatment group, the control group, random selection for the treatment group, and random assignment for the control group. In a simple experiment, the researcher forms two groups that are similar or equivalent, through probability, to each other in every way possible appropriate to the concept of experiment. The treatment group receives the procedure for the experiment and the control group does not. Therefore, the only difference between the groups will be that one group receives the treatment for the experiment and one group does note. After the experiment is conducted the researcher analysis the results in both groups.
Quantitative research may be seen as the less contentious of the two because it is more closely aligned with what is viewed as the classical scientific paradigm. Quantitative research involves gathering data that is absolute, for example numerical data so that it can be examined as unbiased as possible. The main idea behind quantitative research is that it is able to separate things easily so that they can be counted. The researcher generally has a clear idea of what is being measured before they start measuring it, and their study is set up with controls. Qualitative research on the other hand is a more subjective form of research, in which the research allows themselves to introduce their own bias to help form a more complete picture. Qualitative research may be necessary in situations where it is unclear of what is exactly being looked for in a study, while quantitative research generally knows exactly what it is looking for. Questionnaires and surveys are quantitative socio-legal research, because it is the collection of numerical data, or data that can be easily being turned into a numerical form. In terms of analysing quantitative data, Excel is the b...
Quantitative research uses a deductive reasoning also known as top to bottom or (top down approach) starting with a theory, then the hypothesis, followed by observation and finally confirmation , going from the general to the more specific. Quantitative methods use numbers and statistics to show the results of the research exercise and mainly are concerned with mathematics and statistics. In quantitative research there are levels of measurement being firstly nominal which are names of things followed by ordinal sequence of things, interval where the sequence has equal distance between each item, and ratio where there is a true zero (Alston & Bowles, 2003, p. 7-9).
The first method to be discussed and analysed are experimental methods. There is a variety of experimental methods including; laboratory, field and natural experiments. These methods are the most scientific method due to them being highly objective and systematic. In addition, this method is regarded as the most powerful research method used in psychology because of the potential to investigate the causes of events and therefore, identifying the cause and effect relationship. When carrying out an experiment the researcher intervenes directly in the situation being investigated. The researcher manipulates an independent variable (IV) in order to investigate whether there is a change in the dependent variable (DV). Any other variables that could have an
We believe it is clear that both qualitative and quantitative research have many benefits and many costs. In some situations the qualitative approach will be more appropriate; in other situations the quantitative approach will be more appropriate.
Field Study: involves some form of field work either through participant observation or by indirectly through collection of data (Bernard 318).
Whereas, quantitative research is non-interactive as researchers frequently use paper-and pencil to collect data (p.7). Quantitative and qualitative approaches are strongly associated with objectivity (quantitative) and subjectivity (qualitative). Qualitative research is harder, more stressful and more time-consuming than quantitative. In addition Tomal (2010), explains quantitative research is very objective as the researcher is detached from the participants and qualitative researchers on the other hand are much more personally involved with the participants (Tomal, 2010, p.3). The four most popular types of quantitative research are: experimental, causal comparative, correlational, and descriptive and the four types of qualitative research are: historical, ethnography, phenomenology and cultural, and case studies. Understanding the differences between the two types of research methods may not always be clear when an individual first begins learning about each method. It’s best to associate quantitative research with the study of quantities or large groups, whereas qualitative research focuses on quality or more simply smaller groups of data
Generally, there are two types of research methods, it is quantitative and qualitative research method. Quantitave research involves the collecting of data in the form of numbers and qualitative research involves collecting data in the form of words and images. Besides that, quantitative data are usually associated with empirical social scientific approaches to measurement. The principal methodological techniques here comprise surveys and experiments. Then, for qualitative research comprises methodologies more often preferred by interpretive and it more often associated with the used of techniques such as observational research, focus groups and in depth interview.