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Ethical issues in gene therapy
Ethical issues of gene therapy
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There are many people in this world with disorders and diseases that disrupt the balance of crucial proteins in the human body necessary for proper function and survival. Without these important proteins such as enzymes, humans are bound for disability and/or death. Recently, Gene Therapy has been more researched and studied, and is currently being improved and developed for the benefit of mankind. However, with the rise of this new and effective type of therapy, there comes a heavy topic of debate over the ethical issues in bringing this revolutionary research into play. Certain questions arise on the subject of this treatment such as: How can “good” and “bad” uses of gene therapy be distinguished? Who decides which traits are normal and which …show more content…
There are many big disadvantages and risks, the first of which being the modification of human capabilities. This is a negative answer to the previously asked question. The alteration of basic human traits such as height, intelligence, or athletic ability can, and will have devastating impacts to the world. Genetically enhanced soldiers can be created for conquest and domination. After one central government has been attained, the creation of social classes will be formed. Enhanced human beings will then look down upon the unaltered people, as if they are the weak of society. Also, since the children will be altered before birth using Germline Gene Therapy, they will not have a voice in the matter, further causing ethical contradiction; man will play the role of …show more content…
Gene Therapy, although very beneficial if used to research properly, should not advance to the length of altering a human organism through Germline Gene Therapy. Right now it is acceptable to use to gain a better understanding of how DNA and genes work, but it should never surpass that. “Any mistake you make on a germ line is passed to future generations, and may affect thousands of people. The people affected by germ-line gene therapy - children, and future descendants, did not agree or consent to the treatment. You are tampering with nature and playing God. When gene therapy goes wrong, it could lead to horrific mutations. Treating defective genes puts you on a slippery slope - soon you will be 'curing ' baldness, obesity, poor eyesight etc. - actually enhancing the population, like Hitler 's idea of a master race. Only rich people will be able to afford these treatments - it goes against ideas of equality and justice.” For these such reasons is why that Germline Gene Therapy is against ethical code, and should never be instated into the
...e the quality of life of children. A big consequence to the use of genetic modification, shown in the movie Gattaca, is the prejudice that can be against those without genetic modifications. To create an idea of what the consequences of genetic modification will look like, a real world example would be racism and the use of eugenics to justify the prejudice against those who were not light-skinned or of caucasian descent. Neo eugenics is a very controversial topic that has a lot of possible benefits and consequences and will affect many generations to come.
A problem that could arise is a repeat of history. Inequality. Our society would be divided into two groups, the “valids” or “perfect humans” and the “in-valids” or “non perfect humans.” This is just another form of discrimination, whereby people are judged because of the circumstances of they were born, something that they have no control over. "I belong to a new underclass, no longer determined by social status or the colour of your skin. We now have discrimination down to a science." -Vincent. In the film “in-valids were granted less rights than the “valids.” Sounds familiar? In the 1960’s many protests occurred because of the inequality and brutality against African-Americans, who had their rights taken away from them based on the colour of their skin. Introducing the practice of genetically modifying humans to live up to the ideology of perfection could cause protests, violence, chaos and possibly a repeat of the Civil Rights Movement. For many years our society has been attempting to eliminate inequality, but this practice could just as easily re-create
Germline gene therapy is where the correct "good" gene is inserted into the germline in place of the defective "bad" gene, and when reproduction occurs the gene will be passed on to the progeny. Inserting the "good" gene into the very early embryo sta ges of development allows for both germline and somatic cells to be corrected. Government has limited the research to only somatic cell gene therapy such as performed in Cystic Fibrosis research.
In this paper, I will argue that genetic therapies should be allowed for diseases and disabilities that cause individuals pain, shorter life spans, and noticeable disadvantages in life. I believe this because everyone deserves to have the most even starting place in life as possible. That is no being should be limited in their life due to diseases and disabilities that can be cured with genetic therapies. I will be basing my argument off the article by “Gene Therapies and the Pursuit of a Better Human” by Sara Goering. One objection to genetic therapies is that removing disabilities and diseases might cause humans to lose sympathy towards others and their fragility (332). However, I do not believe this because there are many other events and conditions in society that spark human compassion and sympathy towards others.
but, is it a positive or negative for humankind? With this advanced genome editing technology we can form specially modified humans such as super soldiers and even hand pick what we want our children to look like before they’re even born. Gene editing can fix inherent diseases in a child by blocking the disease out of the embryo but, putting a child's appearance and health in the hands of a genome editor is extremely unethical, one single mistake can cause horrific defects and life-long struggles. Gene editors can fix what parents don't want their kids to have including attached earlobes, color of eyes, nostrils, and hair color. No creation on this planet is supposed to be flawless it would be unethical. If everyone was enhanced, there would be no meaning to the word. If all humans were born with desired traits, flawless features and perfect body types there would be some form of arrogance on what real life is. No one is or should be perfect it’s flaws that make each human individual and special. Gene editing is more evil than good. "So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein — more, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of
Many people often ask, “Is it acceptable for human beings to manipulate human genes” (Moral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy). Most of the ethical issues centralize on the Christian understanding of a human being. They believe God made them the way they are and people should accept their fate.The Society, Religion and Technology Project have researched and found that countless people are curious if gene therapy is the right thing to do. They have a problem with exploiting the genes a person is born with due to the fact they consider it to be “playing God” (Moral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy). They are also concerned with the safety. On account of the unfamiliar and inexperienced technology. Gene therapy has only been around since 1990, so scientists are still trying to find the best possible way to help cure these diseases. Multiple scientists are cautious with whom they share their research. For the reason that if it were to get into in the wrong hands it could conceivably start a superhuman race. Author Paul Recer presumes using germline engineering to cure fatal diseases or even to generate designer babies that will be stronger, smarter, or more immune to infections (Gene Therapy Creates Super-Muscles). Scientists could enhance height, athleticism and even intelligence. The possibilities are endless. Germline engineering, however, would alter every cell in the body. People would no longer have to worry about the alarming and intimidating combinations of their parents’ genes. Genetic engineers are able to eliminate unnatural genes, change existing ones or even add a few extra. Like it or not, in a few short years scientists will have the power to control the evolution of
In this paper, I will negatively expose Walter Glannon’s position on the differentially between gene therapy and gene enhancement. His argument fails because gene therapy and genetic enhancement is morally impermissible because its manipulation and destruction of embryos shows disrespect for human life and discrimination against people with disabilities.
...s of gene therapy is that the mortality rate is very high. This is because Immune system may attack cells and cells may attack vital organs. Furthermore, ethical issues should be dealt in a positive way. The technological institute has to reduce the unnecessary expenses of the treatment. I highly suggest the government investing more money on the development of gene therapy.
One of the most necessary uses of genetic engineering is tackling diseases. As listed above, some of the deadliest diseases in the world that have yet to be conquered could ultimately be wiped out by the use of genetic engineering. Because there are a great deal of genetic mutations people suffer from it is impractical that we will ever be able to get rid of them unless we involve genetic engineering in future generations (pros and cons of genetic eng). The negative aspect to this is the possible chain reaction that can occur from gene alteration. While altering a gene to do one thing, like cure a disease, there is no way of knowing if a different reaction will occur at the cellular or genetic level because of it; causing another problem, possibly worse than the disease they started off with (5 pros and cons of gen. eng.). This technology has such a wide range of unknown, it is simply not safe for society to be condoning to. As well as safety concerns, this can also cause emotional trauma to people putting their hopes into genetic engineering curing their loved ones, when there is a possibility it could result in more damage in the
Over 20 years after the proclamation of these specific ethical guidelines, we are introduced to the University of Pennsylvania’s Institute for Human Gene Therapy’s study on a delivery mechanism for gene therapy that resulted in the death of an 18 year old research subject Jesse Gelsinger. Gelsinger suffered from partial OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase) deficiency caused by a defective single gene (Obasogie, 2009).
On the surface, the process seems good and beneficial. Once such levels of genetic manipulation are achieved, companies will place patents on the process itself and on genes that people may want or find desirable and it will become a very lucrative industry. This may also allow scientists to effectively perfect the human genome and erase any negative mutations or defects found within DNA. However, obtaining one of these beings would only be reserved for the incredibly wealthy. A race of smarter, healthier elite will come into the world and there would be a divide between the common natural born man, and this new synthetic elite. Prejudice against this young race will take root and if this prejudice is left unchecked it could develop into a form of racism and oppression. Clones may even be made illegally against an individual's will and identity theft would be taken to a whole new level. Bio-signature scanners would rendered obsolete and costly new forms of identification would have to be
"The aim is to decrease the fear of a brave new world and to encourage people to be more proactive about their health. It [Gene therapy] will help humans become better physically and even mentally and extend human life. It is the future” (Hulbert). Dr. Hulbert, a genetic engineer, couldn’t be anymore right; more time, money, and research needs to be put into gene therapy and genetic engineering, since it can cure certain illness and diseases that are incurable with modern medicine, has fewer side-effects than conventional drugs or surgery, and allows humans to be stronger physically and mentally at birth. Gene therapy or genetic engineering is the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population (NIH). It essentially means that we can change DNA to make an organism better. Genetic engineering is used with animals and plants every day; for example with genetic...
It will make diversity and uniqueness weak, everyone will be "perfect" and no one will focus on the uniqueness of human beings. The great things we may achieve will be of less value since more people will be similar and have those same abilities. Children will be less appreciated because they will be more of a product (robot) than a unique gift. Through this practice we will face the dangers of races being eliminated and our world becoming a male dominated place. Genetic modification takes away our right to create and live our own story. If we are all genetically modified our lives will all be similar and less exciting. If creating designer babies will weaken diversity and uniqueness, why should we allow it? The world will be dull and full of clones, is it worth
Since its inception, gene therapy has captured the attention of the public and ethics disciplines as a therapeutic application of human genetic engineering. The latter, in particular, has lead to concerns about germline modification and questions about the distinction between therapy and enhancement. The development of the gene therapy field and its progress to the clinic has not been without controversy. Although initially considered as a promising approach for treating the genetic of disease, the field has attracted disappointment for failing to fulfil its potential. With the resolution of many of the barriers that restricted the progress of gene therapy and increasing reports of clinical success, it is now generally recognised that earlier expectations may have been premature.
Scientists and the general population favor genetic engineering because of the effects it has for the future generation; the advanced technology has helped our society to freely perform any improvements. Genetic engineering is currently an effective yet dangerous way to make this statement tangible. Though it may sound easy and harmless to change one’s genetic code, the conflicts do not only involve the scientific possibilities but also the human morals and ethics. When the scientists first used mice to practice this experiment, they “improved learning and memory” but showed an “increased sensitivity to pain.” The experiment has proven that while the result are favorable, there is a low percentage of success rate. Therefore, scientists have concluded that the resources they currently own will not allow an approval from the society to continually code new genes. While coding a new set of genes for people may be a benefitting idea, some people oppose this idea.