“For the first time in Walt Disney animation history,” proclaimed a 2009 New York Times article, “the fairest of them all is black.” In December that year, Disney released its film The Princess and the Frog, indicating the studio’s return to traditionally animated and musical-esque movies, characteristic of late 20th century Disney works. More significantly, The Princess and the Frog was considered revolutionary for being the first Disney film to feature an African American Disney Princess. Its protagonist Tiana was a young waitress in 1920s New Orleans, dreaming of running her own restaurant someday. In addition to being well received for its music (which, given the film’s setting, quite fittingly consisted of blues and jazz) the movie was …show more content…
praised for its positive portrayal of African American culture. Its content was compared to Disney’s negative insertions of stereotypical black culture in prior releases like Dumbo (1941), Song of the South (1946) and The Jungle Book (1967). Despite its largely positive critical reception, it is undeniable that The Princess and the Frog is not totally clean of racism against African Americans.
One might argue that comprehensively eradicating all black stereotypes would be impossible, or that downplaying such stereotypes would be an inaccurate depiction of American life in the 1920s. Regardless, the film betrays the existence of prejudices commonly found in historical performance branches – namely minstrelsy, which is retrospectively dubbed as “selling bigotry” to white audiences. Sociologist Melissa Weiner writes how the portrayal of blacks in minstrel shows was for comic relief, with acts “consisting of songs, jokes, slapstick routines, and skits.” These poked fun at black culture, although audiences would not have perceived their entertainment as racist or unjust. With this in mind, it is evident that The Princess and the Frog does contain examples of minstrelsy’s looming legacy in popular culture …show more content…
today. An early scene of The Princess and the Frog bears notable similarities to cultural historian Bob Batchelor’s description of 19th century minstrelsy as a display of “parodied and exaggerated African American culture, speech patterns, and physiques.” Tiana meets a line of jazz street musicians as she heads to work in the morning, who flamboyantly dance past her and play their instruments in exaggerated comical manners. Their actions and appearances of wide eyes and goofy expressions of happiness are considerably reminiscent of the dancing primates from The Jungle Book. For example, the musicians’ bodies contort into distorted forms as they move, resulting in over-elongated necks while they dramatically swing their instruments around; such motion would render proper musical performance impossible. Reinforcing these minstrel elements is a comment from the film’s Disney Prince, Naveen, a foreigner from the fictional country Maldonia: he casually remarks that he is joining the musicians for “a bit of fun” as he produces his ukulele and literally jumps into the musicians’ line. The film marked Naveen’s first time in America, and while he was was not white, his reception of the black musicians could be compared to how new American immigrants and white foreigners were exposed to blacks for the first time through popular entertainment for leisure, which consisted mainly of vaudeville and minstrel shows. On a related note, Weiner reminds us that “black bodies and representations created, enforced, and disseminated ideas about whiteness and white privilege, and, conversely, black inherent inferiority and subservience.” A brief but nevertheless striking instance of this is seen in The Princess and the Frog when Big Daddy, a rich and obese white businessman, drives past a young skinny black boy selling newspapers.
As he stops by in an expensive-looking automobile, Big Daddy gives the boy an excessive wad of cash and lets him keep it. Right after, as Big Daddy speeds away in his car, the boy does a spritely dance and leaps in a manner typical of comic acting, with motion not normal for human beings. While the scene did not explicitly and exactly present the white-black relationship of master-slave or colonizer-colonized that was common in American societies of the 19th and 20th century, it did suggest the notion of blacks being inferior to whites, at least socio-economically. Behavior-wise, the contrast between blacks and whites was also highlighted on a few occasions in the film, with both the paperboy and aforementioned street musicians adopting relatively comic mannerisms as opposed to Big Daddy and the other wealthy whites. The latter seemed to carry themselves in a more “proper” manner associated with upper class American
society. One might see traces of a minstrel stock character in The Princess and the Frog’s primary antagonist. The Shadow Man is a black witch doctor who not only takes pleasure in pulling dark magic tricks and voodoo-related antics, but also charms several females in the film. (It is noteworthy, however, that the voodoo aspects of The Shadow Man’s character have more to do with New Orleans culture specifically, rather than minstrelsy.) The Brute caricature of minstrelsy might be compared to him, as a black man who often preyed on helpless victims, often white, and more often female. The first time a parallel between the two characters might be seen is when The Shadow Man is seen duping an upper-class white man into buying himself a magic trick that helps him grow hair, only to cause the wh-ite man excessive hair growth all over his body later. In response, The Shadow Man responds with a cunning smile from the side, counting his money calculatedly. At other points in the film, The Shadow Man is also seen trying to flirt with youthful women, nearly daring to use magic tricks on them (but keeping in mind the family-oriented nature of the film, the results of his actions are not extensively elaborated on). The notion of having a black villain out to cause harm in ways similar to the caricatured black villain of minstrelsy might suggest that The Princess and the Frog drew inspiration from historical brute characters from minstrel shows. In conclusion, while the release of The Princess and the Frog was a milestone in Disney animation as an attempt to reduce stereotypical racial representation, it was no perfect step in crafting a film clean of racial prejudice against African Americans and historical black culture of the early 20th century. Minstrelsy is one specific stereotype-abundant performance style whose impact is still very present today, laced through various areas of our 21st century society. However, university professor Danielle Heard does raise a valid point: despite minstrelsy’s misrepresentation of blacks, it has also contributed to the rise of black popular entertainment, without which today’s world of comedy would be significantly less diverse. One indeed wonders how long the legacy of minstrelsy will linger on in society and popular culture, despite the myriad of human attempts to counter it.
As a group, we believe that popular culture does in fact perpetuates stereotypes. Television is a main source of information of popular culture. Television has forever changed how humans have interacted with another and introduce a world of diversity and knowledge. But with this profit, television has also harbored negative aspects. As a group, we studied how racial stereotypes are portrayed in television. In the history of television, different racial and ethnic groups have been widely underrepresented and television itself has been overwhelming represented by white figures. And when racial groups are presented on TV, the characters are often played in limited roles based on stereotypes. A stereotype isn’t necessarily untrue, but it is an assumption based on an incomplete and complex ideas that are oversimplified into something that isn’t what it meant to be, and it’s usually negative. For example, African Americans are often depicted as violent or involved in some kind of criminal activity. Their characters often portrays a person who is always sassy and angry or that isn’t intelligent and won’t succeed in life and inferior to whites in some manner. Asian characters are
... to Sarah, they “git up with the sun” and “it gits dark when the son goes down”.(pg?) Silas has attempted to break the barriers which are in existence, however, his prosperity does not aid him at the end of the story when the white community seek revenge from him. A class system is also evident in “Big Boy Leaves Home” from the very beginning of the story. It is clear to the reader that Big Boy is a leader in his group of friends and is clearly the strongest out of the group. Another class division is evident within the community itself. Big Boy’s father turn to members of the community who are older and wise to seek advise to alleviate the dire situation which they find themselves in. this class system works well together and because of the assistance form those of a higher standing, Big Boy manages to escape the horrific punishment which is visited upon Bobo.
helping. Television is making the shows out to seem like one race is better than another. For
The reinforcement of racial stereotypes in literature and films can be a difficult topic for many individuals. There have been a great deal of works throughout the history of our country that have encouraged and promoted racial stereotypes among the African American race, such as the sambo; the buck; the mammy and the magical negro. All of these racial stereotypes have desensitized the American culture and created the view that racism in literature and films is acceptable. In the movies and novel The Help, The Whipping Man, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the rude and offensive ways in which African Americans were seen and treated, only worked to promote the horrible, racial stereotypes that many people are still trying to challenge to this day.
The usage of media is huge in nowadays. People rely on different kinds of media to receive information in their everyday life because they are thirsty for the diverse and informative content. However, inaccurate portrayals of people from different races always appear in the media and audience will exaggerate those portrayals by their inflexible beliefs and expectations about the characteristics or behaviors of the portrayals’ cultural groups without considering individual variation (Ting-Toomey and Chung, 2012); in fact, it is also called as stereotypes. According to a study by the Center for Integration and Improvement of Journalism at San Francisco State University (Stein, 2012), racial stereotyping continues to occur in media and the mainstream media's coverage of different cultural groups is full of biased reporting, offensive terminology and old stereotypes of American society. It specifically emphasizes that majority of the stereotyped characters in media will only bring out the dark side of their cultural groups which many of them might not be true, especially for the portrayals of black community: African American.
In today’s society, a minstrel show would unquestionably be pointed out as a racist act. However, if stereotypes were used in comedic TV shows it becomes more uncertain as to whether or not it is appropriate. With the popular use of satire in the current pop culture, the line between racism and harmless satire is harder to define. Shows like Family Guy play on a lot of racial stereotypes but do not always receive attention on those jokes. The show is often written off as just a raunchy animated show, so people expect the outrageous humor and take the jokes less seriously. Racist jokes has been muddled with satire by putting it in a comical context and in a different medium such as animation. There needs to be a more defined line between what is satirical and what is racist because it has become easier to play off a racist remark as a joke. Continuing to accept the excuse of stereotypical characterizations as plain humor still contributes to the perpetuation of racist stereotypes.
Reality programs have dominated television networks since their rise in popularity began in the early 1990s with MTV’s The Real World. The reality genre quickly gained viewership as it redefined the formulaic set up of televisions shows from the past. Reality television has infiltrated television because networks prefer low budgets for their programs that also generate high ratings (Hasinoff, 2008). People watch reality shows because they are intrigued by the seemingly “real” drama with ordinary people as characters (Dubrofsky, 2006). Now at its peak of growth, reality television evokes ideas of social order and cultural norms to its audiences, while perpetuating racial stereotypes in society (Mendible, 2004). My purpose of the review of literature is to examine and analyze reality television’s influence on people’s perceptions of African American stereotypes.
African American women are considered the most disadvantaged group vulnerable to discrimination and harassment. Researchers have concluded that their racial and gender classification may explain their vulnerable position within society, despite the strides these women have made in education, employment, and progressing their families and communities (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Hunter 1998; Settles 2006; Wilkins 2012). Most people agree that race and gender categories are explained as the biological differences between individuals in our society; however sociologists understand that race and gender categories are social constructions that are maintained on micro and macro levels. Historically, those in power who control the means of production
Most people assume all black people like fried chicken and watermelon. Some people may stop and wonder why, but it is a widely accepted statement. This is considered a stereotype. The actions, opinions and characteristics of a certain part of a group of people can lead to stereotypes. There is african americans who don’t like fried chicken nor watermelon but society assumes that all african americans like watermelon and fried chicken due to a certain part of the group liking fried chicken and watermelon. The actual definition for stereotype is to believe that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same (Stereotype). Is it fair for someone to assume another person’s opinions and beliefs based off everybody else’s with
Disney princesses are fun for all ages, but their target audience is young children and “as children grow and develop, they can be easily influenced by what they see and hear”. Therefore, what they see and hear in Disney movies leaves an impression on them. The first princess, Snow White, was created in a time where each gender and race had a specific role in society. Recently, many believe that Disney has come a long way in regards to gender and race since Snow White, as several multi-cultural protagonists have been introduced subsequently, and gender roles do not appear to be as stereotypical as they once were. However, many of the apparent innocent messages about race and gender in these movies, can be exposed as otherwise. Despite their mask of progression, Disney princesses still have the potential to corrupt the minds of young children through sexism and racism.
In today’s society there are many stereotypes surrounding the black community, specifically young black males. Stereotypes are not always blatantly expressed; it tends to happen subconsciously. Being born as a black male puts a target on your back before you can even make an impact on the world. Majority of these negative stereotypes come from the media, which does not always portray black males in the best light. Around the country black males are stereotyped to be violent, mischievous, disrespectful, lazy and more. Black males are seen as a threat to people of different ethnicities whether it is in the business world, interactions with law enforcement or even being in the general public. The misperceptions of black males the make it extremely difficult for us to thrive and live in modern society. Ultimately, giving us an unfair advantage simply due to the color of our skin; something of which we have no control.
Not all African Americans are thugs and people that do not work. A lot of them have successful careers and have put in the time and effort to have good work ethic and be good people. African Americans have had a difficult history in the American film industry. During the early 20th century of filmmaking, blacks were stereotyped as not worthy of being in films, and they were only certain types of characters such as servants, mammies, and butlers. From several decades of filmmaking, African Americans have been sought out to be trouble makers, incapables, intellectually limited, and also lazy. Although blacks have won Academy Awards for acting, screenwriting, and music production they still find trouble in getting quality roles within the film industry. (Common Black Stereotypes)
For many years, racial and ethnic stereotypes have been portrayed on multiple television programs. These stereotypes are still illustrated on a day-to-day basis even though times have changed. Racial or ethnic stereotypes should not be perpetuated on certain television programs. These stereotypes provide false information about groups, do not account for every person, allow older generations to influence younger generations, create tension between groups, and affect people in many ways.
The minstrel shows and entertainment industry reflected the widely accepted the social differences of the time between blacks and whites and ultimately led to the development of many black stereotypes that are still evident in our society today. Their content satirized blacks and mocked the entire race of white audiences. The minstrel shows initially featured White actors with dark makeup that portrayed a distorted form of an African American. The lack of African Americans in the first minstrel shows prompted the development of black makeup and its later uses as Black Face.
Lester, Neal A. "Disney's The Princess and the Frog: The Pride, the Pressure, and the Politics of Being a First." The Journal of American Culture (2010). Print.