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The black death research paper
Effects of the black death in medieval times
Religious beliefs in the black death responses
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There was a blackening of the skin, blackening of the blood, and following this no one knew why or what started this disease that continued to kill people (Alchin). This Plague started in Europe, which eventually spread across the trade routes, and as a result, it there was a major dropped in the population (Alchin). The Black Death was caused by fleas that were on rodents, which eventually came in contact with the men on the ships and continued from there (Alchin). When the plague hit England it led to a major drop in population that turned into a high desire for labor, a decline in church power and influence, and in result it led to the English Reformation (Alchin). The plague took a toll on cultural, religious, and economic …show more content…
influences (Cultural and Economic). The Black Death was transmitted when the flea rodents bit humans and rapidly started to spread (Where did Black).
The disease left peoples' blood black, thick, and smelly with green stuff in it (Alchin). It is said that the Black Death started in Chine or Central Asia, which later spread to Crimea through the Silk Road (Where did Black). ‘‘The Silk Road was a network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China, which linked the regions of the world in commerce’’ (Joshua). The disease continued to follow the trade routes to every county (Alchin). From Crimea, most likely the Black Death was transmitted when rat fleas were on merchant ships (Where did Black). This is how the plague spread to the European port city and progressed (History.com …show more content…
Staff). ‘‘In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill 1.5 million people out of an estimated total of 4 million people between 1348 and 1350’’ (History Learning Site). The plague had seemed to have travelled across the south bubonic during the summer and got worse during the winter (Dr. Mike). It has been said that Bristol or others to Dorset were where the plague reached England (Britain Express). ‘‘Bristol was the second largest city in Britain and was the principal port of entry for the West Country. Within it lived upwards of 10,000 souls, tightly packed together in conditions that were not altogether sanitary’’ (Dr. Mike). In conditions like Bristol the plague was guaranteed to spread (Dr. Mike). Channel Islands were also taking part in the plague and this spread the disease uncontrollably speed with major consequences (Dr. Mike). The plague took a big toll on farmers (History Learning Site). The field went unplowed, the harvest was not coming, and animals were lost all because of the death of a man (History Learning Site). Villages faced starvation and could not provide which lead to food shortages in towns and cities (History Learning Site). The lords turned to sheep farming as grain farming lessen and this kept people short of grain like bread (History Learning Site). This caused food prices to go up and more hardships for the poor (History Learning Site). Peasants that survived felt that God protected them and decided to take an opportunity to improve their lifestyle (History Learning Site). The Feudal law was to keep peasants on the land which the lords tried to encourage them to leave and work with them (History Learning Site). The peasants knew that they could get higher wages from the lords (History Learning Site). They tried to create the Ordinances of Labourers to bring back down the waged, but the shortage of workers did not help this. (Britain Express). The government also made Statute of Labourers to prevent peasant looking for a better deal and this stated that ‘’ No peasants could be paid more than the wages paid in 1346. No lord or master should offer more wages than paid in 1346. No peasants could leave the village they belonged to’’ (History Learning Site). Many peasants did not listen, knowing they would be punished which later they boiled up anger and they started the Peasant Revolt (History Learning Site). ‘‘The short term economic prosperity did not last; the underlying feudal structure of society had not changed, and by the mid-15th century standards of living had fallen again. Yet for most levels of English society the Black Death represented a massive upheaval, one which changed the face of English society in a profound way’’ (Britain Express). The Black Death caused a lot of cultural, religious and economic effects negatively and positively.
‘’These changes were both positive and negative and contributed to conditions favorable to the decline of feudalism, the end of the Middle Ages and the emergence of the Renaissance’’(Cultural and Economic). The Church could not save people, nor come up with a reason why this plague was here, which had people questioning their beliefs (Cultural and Economic). Doctors could not even understand the disease, nor how it transpired, which led people to thinking supernatural powers the cause (Cultural and Economic). It was easy for people to point fingers and blame people and lose faith (Cultural and Economic). Many people believed the plague was some kind of punishment from God for their sins such as greed, blasphemy, heresy, fornication and worldliness (History.com Staff). The only way they thought they could end this plague was to win God’s forgiveness (History.com Staff). ‘‘Some people believed that the way to do this was to purge their communities of heretics and other troublemakers–so, for example, many thousands of Jews were massacred in 1348 and 1349’’(History.com Staff). This massacred was because it was told that the Jews were trying to kill off the Christians (Ken). Jews were usually merchants and merchants were the ones that carried the infected rodents (Cultural and Economic). Another way people tried to make amends was by whipping or beating themselves
(Cultural and Economic). There was a loss of power and influence of the church (Cultural and Economic). The cultural influences were seen through their art and literature (Cultural and Economic). There was more of a dark vibe and tone to help deal with the tragedy (Cultural and Economic). An example of this would be Boccaccio set his Decameron during this time and it was portrayed as the hopelessness of people who gave up (Cultural and Economic). The art displayed hopelessness, death and destruction (Cultural an Economic). There was a severe drop in the population and in the economy (Cultural and Economic). This has resulted in an inflation of food prices, rise in wages, need for serfs, needs were raised (Social and Economic). The Black Death caused a lot of destruction to whoever got in its path. It spread through the trade routes by the rodents with fleas (Alchin). The Black Death was caused by rodents that were bitten by fleas that later carried to humans and it went from there (Alchin). The Black Death also took great effect on England, which led to revolts and the English Reformation (Alchin). Lastly the Black Death had a great effect on cultural, religious, and the economy (Cultural and Economics). At that point of time no one knew the cause of the disease and they lack hygiene, which helped spread bacteria (Ken).
One piece of evidence stated, “As the plague kept occurring in the late 1300s, the European economy sank to a new low (Document 9).” Another piece of evidence states,” In the second half of the 14th century, a man could simply up and leave a manor, secure in the knowledge that Faith in religion had fallen because the prayers of the people were not answered. The people even thought that it was god whom had unleashed this deadly disease. One piece of evidence that I used stated,” Some felt that the wrath of God was descending upon man, and so fought the plague with player (Document 6).” Another piece of evidence stated,” Faith in religion decreased after the plague, both because of the death of so many of the clergy and because of the failure of prayer to prevent sickness and death (Document 6).”
The Black Death was a dark period of human history, approximately 60% of European died. Black Death also known as the bubonic plague, it happened during 1346-1353. The plague spread during the crusades along the ships, and it was originated from a mice from Asia. It is a irremediable disease. The plague made so many negative influence on society, as well as positive effects on human population, such as social, medical and economical effects.
Sweeping through Western Europe during the fourteenth century, the Bubonic Plague wiped out nearly one third of the population and did not regard: status, age or even gender. All of this occurred as a result of a single fleabite. Bubonic Plague also known as Black Death started in Asia and traveled to Europe by ships. The Plague was thought to be spread by the dominating empire during this time, the Mongolian Empire, along the Silk Road. The Bubonic Plague was an infectious disease spread by fleas living on rats, which can be easily, be attached to traveler to be later spread to a city or region. Many factors like depopulation, decreasing trade, and huge shifts in migrations occurred during the Bubonic Plague. During Bubonic Plague there were also many different beliefs and concerns, which include fear, exploitation, religious and supernatural superstition, and a change of response from the fifteenth to eighteen century.
One of the largest epidemic events in history, the Bubonic Plague had a devastating effect on European society. It is believed to have begun in China, and it reached European soil in 1347, when it struck Constantinople (Document 1). It was carried by infected fleas that spread the disease between humans and rats. A symptom of the plague was the development of large, dark swellings called “buboes” on the victim’s lymph nodes. By the time the plague left, Europe’s population had been reduced by almost half. The devastation as a result of the plague may seem shocking, but there were several important factors that contributed to its deadliness.
The Black Death originated in Asia and spread to Europe, possibly going through Persia to reach Asia Minor, and making its way across the Mediterranean. The Byzantine Empire, the Mongol Empire, and Turkestan were also infected. The Plague swept through parts of Arabia, Armenia, North Africa, Bavaria, England, France, Italy, and Poland. However, the Saharan Desert was spared (Document 1).
At this time however, cold weather and rains wiped out many crops creating a shortage of food for humans. Rats also went through this shortage in food. This made them “crowd in cities, providing an optimal environment for disease”(Karin Lehnardt in 41 Catastrophic Facts about the Black Death). Before the black death spread through Europe, sanitation wasn’t very good. Living conditions were bad so when the black death came to Europe, it spread more rapidly because people were not clean and healthy. Another reason the plague spread so fast was because the dead “bodies were piled up inside and outside city walls where they lay until mass graves could be dug”(Karin Lehnardt in 41 Catastrophic Facts about the Black Death). This made the air very polluted and contributed the spread of the epidemic. In total, the black death killed about thirty million people. This was about one-third the population of Europe. Some towns were completely wiped out. Because of this, medieval people thought everyone would eventually die, although we now know that some populations did survive. Also, because people were not being saved by the church, their beliefs were questioned. Less people dedicated their lives to the church because of this. Both the poor and the rich died but more than one-half the people dead were poor. This was also a result of poor sanitation and living conditions. The Black Death initiated in China in the early 1340’s
The Black Death is the name later given to the epidemic of plague that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster affected all aspects of life. Depopulation and shortage of labor hastened changes already inherent in the rural economy; the substitution of wages for labor services was accelerated, and social stratification became less rigid. Psychological morbidity affected the arts; in religion, the lack of educated personnel among the clergy gravely reduced the intellectual vigor of the church.
The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague and Bubonic Plague, was a catastrophic plague that started out in Asia and began to spread into Europe. In the span of three years, the Black Death killed about one third of all the people in Europe. The plague started out in the Gobi Dessert in Mongolia during the 1320’s. From the desert the plague began to spread outwards in all directions. China was among the first to suffer from the plague in the early 1330s before the plague hit Europe.
This affected more than just Europe, it really hurt countries in the Middle East and China. The Black Death was spread by the Mongols and passed into Europe through black rats and fleas. Ships were known to arrive in Europe with many dead bodies and only rats living. Symptoms of the Black Death included puss filled abscesses that ended up turning your whole body black. It is believed that after receiving symptoms of the deadly disease people would only survive a few days. It was feared that the entire population would be wiped out by this devastating plague. People of this age believed the plague had meaning and was related to God, there were different perceptions of why the Bubonic plague happened, although some believed God caused it, others strongly believed that it was not possible for God to commit an act that would cause so many issues to the world and its society. The population that survived the Black Death were traumatized by the events and also affected negatively economically. An effect of the plague was a shortage of labor which caused a shortage of supply and increase in demand of workers and laborers. The whole of Europe had changed because of this event and things such as revolts. Protests, and up rise started to occur in cities all over Europe. The Black Death changed the attitudes and thinking of the people of Europe
1. The contrast between Cottard and the other characters is that while everyone else is in constant fear of catching the plague and doing everything they can to fight the disease, Cottard is cheerful in the fact that the plague has put a stop to the police investigating his mysterious crime . Cottard probably also enjoys the camaraderie of everyone else finally being in the same position as he is.
The Black Plague, perhaps one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across Europe in the middle of the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people. This major population shift, along with other disasters occurring at the time, such as famine and an already existing economic recession, plunged Europe into a dark period of complete turmoil. Anarchy, psychological breakdowns, and the dissipation of church power were some of the results. As time passed, however, society managed to find new ground and began its long path of recovery. The plague, as catastrophic as it was to medieval Europe, had just as many positive effects that came with this recovery as it did negative effects prior. An end to feudalism, increased wages and innovation, the idea of separation of church and state, and an attention to hygiene and medicine are only some of the positive things that came after the plague. It could also be argued that the plague had a significant impact on the start of the Renaissance.
The main cause of the Black Death is fleas. Fleas like to suck rodent blood such as rats. The rodents began to get infected and most of them died. Once the rodent population was scarce the fleas needed another source of food, so jumped on to humans to drink their blood. Since rats lived in close contact with the humans it made this possible. The first people to get infected were the Golden Horde in China, which at the time was ruled by Mongols. The Golden Horde which was an army were attacking the Genose city of Caffa. They catapulted dead bodies over the city walls. The people of the city began to get infected too. The leader of the Golden Horde was Genghis Khan. His army through conquest spread the disease all throughout Asia. Once Italian traders came and got infected along the silk road along the silk road, they then carried...
The Black Death plagues had disastrous consequences for Europe in the 14th century. After the initial outbreak in Europe, 1347, it continued for around five years and then mysteriously disappeared. However it broke out again in the 1360s and every few decades thereafter till around 1700. The European epidemic was an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which began in Asia and spread across trade routes. When it reached Europe, a path of destruction began to emerge. Medieval society was tossed into disarray, economies were fractured, the face of culture and religion changed forever. However the plagues devastation was not all chaotic, there were benefits too, such as modern labour movements, improvements in medicine and a new outlook on life. Therefore in order to analyse the impact the Black Death had on societies in the 14th century, this essay will consider the social, economic, cultural and religious factors in order to reach an overall conclusion.
The Black Death first appeared in Sicily around October 1347, abroad Genoese trading ships that had sailed from the port of Caffa. The men on these ships were diseased and dying with black swellings and boils all over their body and most died within five days. The Black Death had made its way to Europe, and started to wreak havoc on the population. By January 1348, the plague had reached Paris and by August it was in England. Populations sharply decreased as the plague took its toll, indiscriminate in its killing. Worse of all, it wasn’t just one disease that was killing off whole populations- there were two differ...
The plague was spread by fleas, which were not effected by the disease. Fleas first infected the rats, which lived off garbage and sewage. The rats then spread the infection to the humans. Rats were a common sight in the cities, due to the poor sanitary conditions, so no one suspected them (www.tartans.com). In the winter the plague seemed to disappear, but only because fleas were dormant then. Each spring, the plague attacked again, killing new victims (www.byu.edu). The effects of the plague were devastating. After just five years, twenty-five million people were dead - one third of Europe's population. Once people were infected they infected others very rapidly. As a result, in order to avoid the disease, many fled to the countryside where the lower population density helped to decrease the speed at which the disease spread (www.tartans.com). From a person's time of infection to his or her death was less than one week (www.home.nycap.rr.com). The plague became known as "The Black Death" because of the discoloration of the skin and black enlarged lymph nodes that appeared on the second day of contracting the disease. The term "The Black Death" was not invented until after 1800. Contemporaries called it "the pestilence" (Cantor 7).