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Genetic and environmental influence on personality
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The patterns of birth order have been seen for centuries, although it was not studied exclusively until around the 1980s. There are many factors that play into a persons personality, such as their genetics, the way they are raised, and their environment. Birth order looks at a persons place in their family—if they are the oldest, middle, or youngest child—and provides commonalities between them and others in the same location in other families. While there are many variations, the general traits do apply. Research shows that the first born is typically a leader in the family and in other areas of life. The youngest child is usually light hearted and social. The one that is hardest to put a type to is the middle child. He or she will frequently try to blaze their own path, straying from the one that their older sibling made. I believe that birth order plays a part in a person’s personality, but that the way they were raised is also a very important variable. A child’s birth order, along with the way they were raised, is a major factor in the way they interact within their family and other groups. The way one determines their place in the family seems like it should be easy, but because of many factors, it is not always clear. In a family with a first born daughter and a second born son, the son may also take on characteristics of a first born because he is the first born male. The same concept is applied when the female is born after a male. Another variable is the difference in age between children. If the younger child is five or more years younger than the child born before them, they are more likely to act as a first born or only child, depending if they have any younger siblings. An only child will have the same characteristi... ... middle of paper ... .... Edinburgh: Floris Books, 2012. Print. Leman, Dr. Kevin. The Birth Order Book. New York, New York: MJF Books, 2009. Print. Leman, Dr. Kevin. The firstborn advantage: making your birth order work for you. Grand Rapids, MI: Revell, 2008. Print. Kiev, Ari, and Alexander Sidar. Breaking free of birth order. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993. Print. Rich Harris, Judith. No Two Alike. 1st ed. New York, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 2006. Print. Richardson, Dr. Ronald W., and Lois A. Richardson. Birth Order & You. 2nd ed. North Vancouver, British Columbia: Self-Counsel Press, Inc., 2000. Print. Stotland, Ezra, Stanley E. Sherman, and Kelly G. Shaver. Empathy and Birth Order. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1971. Print. Sullivan, Barbara, and Barbara Sullivan. First Born, Second Born. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Fleming H Revel Co, 1983. Print.
By Justin Kaplan. (Penguin Group (USA), 2006. Pp. 208. Prologue, content, acknowledgements, sources, index. $13)
Peterson, Linda H., John C. Brereton, Joseph Bizup, Anne E. Fernald, and Melissa A. Goldthwaite. The Norton Reader: An Anthology of Nonfiction. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2012. 195-99. Print.
Literature. Vol. A. Ed. Nina Baym and Julia Reidhead. 17 ed. New York: W.W. Norton &
11th ed. By Kelly J. Mays. New York: W W Norton &, 2013. 551-57. Print.
‘Birth order theory can help explain why children raised in the same family environment with a strong genetic relationship can have such different personalities’ (Drysdale, 2011). The birth order theory says that ‘first-borns are leaders, the drivers and the responsible type. They love to feel in control and feel uncomfortable with surprises or feeling out of their depth. They are conservative in their outlook’ (Grose, 2013). The personality theory says that last-borns are majorly different to first-borns in their characteristics and traits. It states that last-borns are ‘the
There are many things that can alter the personality of an individual; some of these are voluntarily inflicted, while others are uncontrollable. Among the uncontrollable altercations, birth order is perhaps the largest influence on a person's disposition. Personality is influenced by the "place" a person has in their family as well as the family situation. It is important whether an individual is an only child, first born, second born, third born, a boy among girls, or a girl among boys, and so on.
Many factors can shape a persons a personality, it could be their environment, peers, family, siblings, but one wouldn’t think that their birth order can too. The last factor will be the one topic I will be getting into more depth in this essay. Either being born first or last it will have a huge impact on your personality (Parents magazine 2006). The first to introduce the theory of the impact birth order has on personality was psychologist Alfred Adler in the early 20th century. This started a new interest in many on this research (Lesley Ogden 2013). His theory suggest the common personality traits each first, middle, and last borns have. Let me start off with the first born of the family and work my way down. The first born is the child the family “practices” on you could say. First time parents have no experience on parenting, and they want to try their best on raising a good child which causes them to be stricter. This causes them to put more pressure on the first borns to do better at everything they do. Which can make them become perfectionists and high achievers. But they want to be noticed and praised by their parents when they do well. This too however develops them to become leaders, especially if they have siblings their parents want them to set an example for (Brooks 1984). Independence, reliability, and respect for authority are other traits that this group may has. They are highly intelligent and get high qualifications in school. They can also be serious and very mature for their age. Because of this nature, this group tends to get along really well with their elders. The pressure of carrying responsibilities (and at times even being forced upon) at an early age can bring negative factors. For the reason that it c...
Otto Frank. Ed. Mirjam Pressler and Susan Massotty. New York: Doubleday, 1995. Print.
6th ed. of the book. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. The.
As I said, I do not believe birth order has very much to do with the personality of a person. If a last child grows up penniless and has a lousy home life, he will not act like a last child who has a rich family and a marvelous suburban home. However, multiple of the things that many people said about how birth order affects the personality do describe me. The one that relates to me the greatest is definitely the fact that I am easy going. I never really let anything get too serious and I let things go once they are in the past. Also as Jocelyn Voo claims the middle child is very social, I would have to agree with her. I would rather be out with my pals having a wonderful time than be stuck at home doing nothing. Another quality that describes be excellently is the middle child takes pleasure in having a great time. If there is chance I can have good time, I will take that chance and expect for the best.
MacDorman, Ph. D, M. Mathews, M.S., T. & Declercq, Ph.D., E. Home Births in the United
Herman, E. (2003). The Adoption History Project: A new on-line resource. History of psychology, 6(4),
Before I had children, I did not believe that birth order could affect the personality of a person. But now I have three beautiful yet very different daughters. So different that not only is it sometimes hard to believe they come from the same two parents, it’s sometimes hard to believe they come from the same species! I have come up with three categories to describe the peculiarities of birth order, the Perfectionist, the Tornado, and the Princess, at least as they pertain to my daughters.
Halverstadt, J. and Kall, N. (2013). Separated at birth: Library and publisher metadata. Library Journal 138(8). Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1330106369?accountid=10043
Sulloway, F. J. (September 1997). Birth order and personality. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 14, 5-7