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The causes of sexual abuse and its effects
Media Influences on Children and Adolescents: Violence and Sex
Media Influences on Children and Adolescents: Violence and Sex
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Sexual abuse is a forced act of sexual behavior usually done out of the want of power, control, and feel of being superior. The child may be manipulated by violence of force, enticement, or threat. There are different theories stating the factors that may cause there to be a higher chance of sexual abuse but many of the times the child naturally cooperates because of the trust or love they have for the adult. Sexual abuse can be done from a blood relative which is known as the nuclear family that is called interfamilial abuse, including, older brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, cousins, grandfathers, stepfathers, or live in boyfriends. Extra familial abuse is an abuser outside of the family. The multi factor ecological theory of sexual abuse consists of 4 systems. The first system is macro that states the cultural beliefs and values of the cause of sexual abuse. This system states television is a factor of sexual abuse because of the great influence it has on children. As well as cultural messages to children, can be extremely suggestive, sexualized and …show more content…
Precondition model 1 is based the factors that strive the abuser to committing the abuse, the individuals emotional factors for sexually abusing is based on emotional development, it’s the need to feel power and control over someone, many of the times these individuals were sexually abused in their childhood and they are re-enacting the abuse done to them. The social/cultural factors related to the lead of sexual abuse is the need to feel dominant and in power in sexual relationships. The individual sexual arousal factors can come from childhood sexual experience that traumatized the individual, sexual interest in children by someone else, incorrectly attribution of arousal cues, and biological abnormality. The social cultural factors are child pornography, sexual portraits of children in advertising, and male drive to attribute to all emotional
This essay will examine the social and cultural conditions, within the macro-diachronic and micro-synchronic theoretical models , that intensify or perpetuate sexual assault. I have chosen only one concept from each model because these are the only concepts that I feel that I can use to most accurately and comprehensively depict causes and reasons for why sexual assault is deeply entrenched in our social structure. I will thus explore, from these ideological viewpoints, some of the motivations and circumstances which lead offenders to sexual assault. I will also fuse some of the historical attitudes from which today's concepts have evolved to our contemporary understanding of this social phenomena. However, it’s important that we look beyond both offenders' motivations and history, and to the greater sociological view, if we are to correctly reconstruct acts of violence such as sexual assault.
Finkelhor´s precondition model (1984) is widely recognized in the literature as a groundbreaking theory in the fact that it represents the first attempt at incorporating multi-factorial explanations to account for sexual offending against children (Howell, 1994; Marshal, 1996; Ward & Hudson, 1998). Finkelhor (1984) argues that child molestation is a complex phenomena caused by a variety of psychological, sociological and cultural factors. In order to explain differences within perpetrators as well as situational aspects of the offence, Finkelhor (1984) proposes four preconditions that need to bee met in ...
Currently, there are many children whom suffer from emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in their family. Emotional abuse is the lack of interest or affection parents have towards their children. As a result of emotional abuse, children are left feeling worthless and unloved. Physical abuse refers to attacking children resulting visible bodily injuries from either being burned, pushed, punched, slapped, or whipped. Sometimes physical abuse can be extremely severe that children have broken bones, fractures, or hemorrhaging. Sexual abuse occurs when a person forces, tricks, or threatens children to have sexual contact. These acts of child abuse could prevent children from living a normal adulthood. In order to deal with such a traumatic childhood, adults abused as children should rid themselves of such burdensome, painful memories.
When the three-path model was tested, the pattern in relations among traits in adults and juvenile sexual offenders was consistent (Knight & Knight, 2005). The proposal is that three personality traits define the three paths that lead to violent sexual behavior: sexual drive/ preoccupation, anti-social behavior, and callousness/unemotionality. These traits are amplified by early childhood physical/verbal and sexual abuse. In one path, early childhood physical/verbal abuse strengthens the development of arrogance, deceitfulness, and emotional detachment. In another path, early childhood physical/verbal abuse augments aggressive and antisocial behavior, sensation seeking, impulsive acting out, and alcohol and drug abuse. The individuals who fit in this category typically commit multiple offenses that are not exclusive to sexual violence. Still, a third path is influenced by childhood sexual abuse and leads to sexual preoccupation and compulsivity that increases the risk of aggressive sexual fantasies and behavior. While a combination of risk factors and biological predispositions are causal to criminal offending, abuse is merely one of those factors but it does frequently show up in the background of sex offenders (Bartol & Batrol, 2014, p.
There have been a large number of studies that compared adults that had been sexually abused as well as adults that had not and what their differences were. What about the effects that child abuse has on Adults? This study purpose is to try and pinpoint the effects that psychosexual functioning in adults has on sexually abused children. During this study it got a closer look at how events of childhood sexual abuse effected psychosexual functioning, emotional, behavioral and evaluative after childhood. This article looks at the effect that childhood sexual abuse can have on an adult. It compares the different effects if the child tells someone when the attack happens or if they don’t what the long term effects could be. The questionnaire was given to find out which effect child abuse had on 165 different adults: fear of sex and guilt during sex, issues with physical touch, sexual arousal, and sexual satisfaction. First the characteristics of the adults have to be determined. They were looking and determine characteristics like age...
It is a common stereotype that all sex offenders have some form of psychopathy, and therefore they cannot be treated, however most sexual offenders do not have major mental illness or psychological maladjustment (Ward, Polaschek and Busch, 2006), therefore it is not impossible to treat them. Finkelhor’s (1984) precondition model was made with the assumption that the psychopathology of an individual will only take us so far in explaining sexually abusive behaviour, Finkelhor states that 4 stages of preconditions must exist before sexual abuse can take place, these are; Primary motivation to abuse a child sexually, overcoming of internal and external inhibitions and dealing with a child’s resistance to sexual abuse, for each subsequent precondition to occur the previous one must be achieved. Finkelhor argues th...
Sexual abuse includes any sexual act in which one person has not agreed to it. A woman can be sexually abused by means of, but not limited to force, coercion, blackmail, threat, or embarrassment. Sexual abuse may occur when a woman is forced to perform, watch, or in any other way engage in sexual acts. This includes but is not limited to vaginal, anal and oral sex, fondling, touching, disrespect of privacy, such as showering, being forced to watch pornography or view pornographic pictures, being forced into sexual poses, or being verbally abused in a sexual manner (Morris and Biehl 36, Haley 14).
Child abuse, while having many different forms and levels of severity, can be basically defined as the maltreatment of a child by a parent or other adult. When one thinks of child abuse, usually the first thing that comes to mind is physical harm, but the issue is actually much more complex. The abuse of a child can also be manifested in verbal and emotional forms, as well as in sexual molestation. All forms of child abuse generally result in similar emotional disorders and behavioral issues, but the major consequences of sexual abuse, such as mental or emotional scarring, promiscuity, and the tendency of former victims to become sexual abusers, cause it to be the most severely damaging form of child abuse.
Within sexual abuse, sibling incest is said to be the most common type of sexual abuse committed by immediate family members. According to Kiselica and Morrill-Richards, the United States Department of Health and Human Services stated that roughly 0.12% of children are sexually abused by an adult member of their family. In addition to this, 2.3% of women have been sexually victimized by one of their siblings (2007). The impact of sibling sexual abuse and incest is often very underestimated by todays world. Its also very difficult to recognize, a big setback is that there is no environment that increases or decreased the risk of sibling sexual abuse, however, the symptoms of sibling sexual abuse can be quite telling. Symptoms include fear, anger, guilt, humiliation and shame. Children who experience sibling sexual abuse often carry troubles in to adulthood especially in adult sexual relationships.
An estimated 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Darness2Light, 2009a ). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. The definition of child sexual abuse is the force, coercion, or cajoling of children into sexual activities by a dominant adult or adolescent. Sexual abuse of children includes touching (physical) sexually including: fondling; penetration (vaginal or anal using fingers, foreign objects or offenders organs; oral sex, or non-physical contact including: sexual comments; indecent exposures; masturbating in a child’s presence; child prostitution or child pornography (Child Welfare, 2009a).
The perspective of committing sexual violence varies in today's society. Historical theories and laws has influenced the way it is viewed and dealt with. Sexual assault especially in women is recognized as a predominant issue in worldwide societies and has a significant impact on the victim. According to the The 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey "most female victims reported being assaulted by a current or former intimate partner (51.1 percent), acquaintance (40.8 percent), or family member (12.5 percent)" (www.womenslawproject.org/resources/Rape%20and%20Sexual%20Assault%20in%20the%20Legal%20System%20FINAL.pdf) Often Sex offenders use manipulative and physical methods to victimize. It can happen to anyone, however
The risk factors for child sexual abuse can be classified into three broad categories: the Perpetrator’s, family and community risk factors. Perpetrator risk factors are those factors associated with adult who may commit such an abuse. They include drug and alcohol abuse, acceptance of violence, prior sexual abuse, suicidal tendencies, exposure to explicit sexual content and poor social skills among others (Finkelhor et al, 2014).
Sexual abuse is “The use of psychological abuse tactics to keep an intimate partner in a submissive position of power. Strategies include sexual degradation, non-contact unwanted sexual experience (e.g., being forced to watch pornography), and reproductive and sexual control,” (Bagwell-Gray, Messing, & Baldwin-White, 2015, p. 323). It is low in force, because non-physical control tactics are used, and it is low in invasiveness because no sexual penetration is involved. Sexual abuse is different than sexual coercion in that the perpetrator is not coercing sex but is rather controlling sex-related decision making. Some examples of sexually controlling acts are refusing to wear condoms, having sex outside the primary relationship, and birth control sabotage (Campbell & Soeken,
As a human trait, the sense of control is often at the forefront of violence. This sense of control can also be used to explain child sexual abuse and particularly why father-daughter incest is higher than mother-son incest. Male dominance in society is proven to be a factor influencing child sexual
Incest is a sexual abuse by blood relative who is assumed to the pat of the child’s nuclear family. An individual assuming the role of a surrogate parent, Older siblings, who differ in age or by virtue of their power and resources. Incest occurs between fathers and daughters, fathers and sons, mothers and daughters and mothers and sons. Insect can be categorized by Oral genital contact, genital or anal penetration, genital touching of the victim by the perpetrator, any other touching of private body parts, sexual kissing and hugging;(Wisconsin coalition against sexual assault, 2014) All forms of child sexual abuse can have negative long-term effects for the victim. You can read about some of those effects Incest is especially damaging because it disrupts the child’s primary support system, the family. Incest happens in all types of family setting those that are financially-privileged, as well as those of low socio-economic status. It happens to those of all racial and ethnic descent, and to those of all religious traditions. Victims of incest are boys and girls, infants and adolescents. “incest victim endured an isolated incident of abuse or ongoing assaults over an extended period of time, the process of recovery can be exceptionally painful and difficult”