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Hirschis social bonding theory
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Hirschi’s 4 elements of the Social Bond theory best describes the Mujeres Organization. The Mujeres Organization is a club founded by a school counselor Connie Iglesias, Castro Valley High School. Iglesia’s reason for opening a club was because she saw “girls getting into fights, not succeeding at school, and even dropping out” (Bates, Pg. 99). Furthermore, the Castro Valley Teachers Association member wanted to put the girls who were at risk of dropping out to a group, mostly Latina, on a better path. This group would prevent girls from fighting, dropping out, and etc. The Mujeres Organization also focused on minority girls, therefore everyone was free to join, in order to come together and succeed at school. One of the girls, Stacy Aguilar,
stated: “the club opens both “eyes” and “doors” for its members” (Bates, Pg. 99). Hirschi’s 4 elements of Social Bond theory relates to this club because Hirschi’s claims that; attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief in conventional norms is one possibly theory to eliminate and or have less possibility to commit delinquent acts. Commitment to conventional activities and involvement in conventional activities best supports the theory to the Mujeres Organization. Commitment to conventional activities follows school activities, and the more committed you are to your rule following activities, the fewer chances you have in being involved in delinquencies. Involvement in conventional activities is the idea of being occupied and being involved in something such a club, that will less likely have you be involved in delinquent activities. Stacey Aguilar also mentioned that she would like to get into a good school after high school, so she could have a good job in the future. With Aguilar claiming this, we can say that she didn’t have this mentality before she joined the group, therefore joining this group not only saved her from dropping out or fighting with other girls but let her understand the school education system.
In Bettie’s analysis of Mexican-American and white girls, she finds that race, gender and class are extremely crucial in the outcomes and futures of these girls. The unmentioned and hidden effects of class, race, and gender provide the explanation for much of the inequality seen between the white middle-class girls and Mexican-American working-class girls. Much of this inequality is itself perpetuated within the school system, both by the faculty and students.
Moreover, she feels that the "U.S society is gendered and racialized: it expects certain behavior from women, certain bearings from men, certain comportment from queer mujeres, certain demeanor from queer hombres, certain conduct from disabled, and so on"(65 Anzaldua).
In “Like Mexican” Gary Soto’s grandmother uses her wisdom and an advising tone in order to encourage Gary to marry a Mexican girl who is financially poor and is like a “house-wife.” A traditional family such as this author’s shares an outlook how marriage is significant and culturally supervised by the parent or the grandparents. The grandmother looks toward a homogamy for Gary’s marriage. The grandmother’s conversational style is most defined throughout “Like Mexican” since it began with the grandmother’s advices and throughout the essay Gary was yet again spoken by his grandmother. The repetition of the thought constantly wraps around Gary’s mind. In contrast, the essay “Gender in the Classroom” strikingly separates the male and female student’s own conversation styles. From Deborah Tannen, males are likely to speak up to show their “contribution” and to “express themselves on the floor.” Also, male students tend to find the “public classroom setting more conducive to speaking” in a large group. (Tannen pg. 285). However, in “Like Mexican” as the audience, we were not introduced with many of Soto’s male friends or a male gathering in order for Soto to express his thoughts and feelings. In another opposition in “Gender in the Classroom” “most women are more comfortable speaking in private to a small group they know well.” (Tannen 285). In other words, female
... obtains wherever educated young people are seeking an outlet for that sentiment of universal brotherhood which the best spirit of our times is forcing from an emotion into a motive”.(Women’s History,2)
The novel “The Color of Family Ties”, by Naomi Gerstel and Natalia Sarkisian, through their research they found out that the ratio of disorganized family for Black and Latino/a families are higher than White families. That white families are more nuclear, which means a couple with their dependent children. In contrast, Black and Latino/a families has a high ratio that they often live with their extended families (Naomi and Sarkisian 47). This novel ties in to the “Looking for Work” novel because Gerstel and Sarkisian shows a research regarding how Latino families are disorganized, and the way how Mexican families lives are just like Gary’s family, the extended family. We know that Gary’s family are disorganized, but nevertheless, Gary has extended families members who he lives together with. Gary’s family showed solidarity love by just help each other out and spending time together. “We ran home for my bike and when my sister found out that we were going swimming, she started to cry because she didn’t have fifteen cents but only an empty Coke bottle”(24 Soto). This is Gary’s cousin Debra who needs fifteen cents to go to the swimming pool, of course Gary and his friend helped Debra out. Other time that showed Gary’s family love is that Gary’s mother always let Gary’s play with his friends outside, not because she does not love Gary is because
The activist youth represented were not only concerned about themselves but also about their communities. An important aspect of activism defined by the girls in the book is ‘collectiveness,’ instead of the ‘individualism.’ Emphasizing activism as collective, rather than individual action and highlighting their organizational affiliations, rejects the conception of activism as an act of heroic individuals (Taft, p.44). For example in Mexico City, girl activists engage in a street performance at the Zócalo on Día de los Muertos to raise social and political awareness. In Buenos Aires, students take over school offices to have their demands fulfilled. Activism, according to the girls, is beyond protests.
The novel “Women Without class” by Julie Bettie, is a society in which the cultural you come from and the identity that was chosen for you defines who you are. How does cultural and identity illustrate who we are or will become? Julie Bettie demonstrates how class is based on color, ethnicity, gender and sexuality. The author describes this by researching her work on high school girls at a Central Valley high school. In Bettie’s novel she reveals different cliques that are associated within the group which are Las Chicas, Skaters, Hicks, Preps, and lastly Cholas and Cholos. The author also explains how race and ethnicity correspondence on how academically well these students do. I will be arguing how Julie Bettie connects her theories of inequality and culture capital to Pierre Bourdieu, Kimberle Crenshaw, Karl Marx and Engels but also how her research explains inequality among students based on cultural capital and identity.
But, what Collins failed to realize is Latinx/Mexican people are put into this massive group/commodity that is “bought and sold on a global market” as well, especially Latina/Mexican women and girls. This book was focused on another type of public education, hence the title. She did not stay specific with African Americans, in fact she went back and forth. Therefore, when she discussed this commodity, I fully expected her to to include Latinx/Mexican people, but she did not. Especially since when you see anything from the Latinx/Mexican culture in our media, you see sexualized men and especially women, for instance, Sofia Vergara in the tv series Modern
The fight for gender equality along with women’s rights has been a battle for centuries. Over time many, women activists and organizations have step forward to help in advancing women’s progress in the world today. One organization that has made a tremendous contribution and has been extremely influential for women is the National Organization for Women (NOW). The organization has been around since 1966 and has more than 500,000 members and more than 500 local and campus affiliates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia (National Organization for Women, 2012). NOW’s organization claims that there is a social problem of gender inequality and women’s rights and their goal is to “take action” by bringing about equality for all women. The National Organization for Women has six priority issues and they include: constitutional equality amendment, reproductive rights, racism, lesbian rights, violence against women and economic justice(National Organization for Women, 2012). The organization has been quite successful in raising awareness and creating social change over the years. By using the Social Problems Process to analyze the organization it would then become evident as to why NOW has been so successful, where they still need to improve and where they are heading.
As a traditional, collectivistic cultural group, the Latino population is believed to adhere deeply to the value of familismo. (Arditti, 2006; Calzada, 2014). Familism is an emphasis on the importance of the family unit over values of autonomy and individualism”. (Santistaben, 2012). Family is considered to be the top priority in the Latino culture. Comparatively, at times, this isn’t true of our busy, work devoted western culture. In western culture we think of our family in a nuclear sense made up of a: mom, dad, and siblings. Conversely, Hispanic culture focuses on the whole extended family including aunts, uncles, grandparent, and cousins. Their culture believes having close connections with the entire extended family benefits the development of their children. The entire family helps the child by giving them differing levels of social and emotional support. (American Home Resolutions,
The idea that a woman’s job is to be a wife and mother is old-fashioned, but not completely out of style. Though these roles require a great deal of talent, resilience, patience, love, and strength, to name a few, they are often underestimated or depicted as simple. Especially in modern times, many women in the United States who stay home to raise a family are viewed as anti-feminists, whereas women in Latin America are not criticized for similar actions. In recent decades, more Latin American women have started to break the mold, daring to be both sexy, and successful in the workforce, while remaining pillars of domestic life.
National Organization for Women The National Organization for Women (NOW) is the largest feminist activists’ interest group in the United States that seeks to protect the individual rights of women. The influential success of NOW can be understood through the following factors. Its’ concrete background; nearly half century worth of history as foundation; well structured organization; membership incentives; the function and approach of NOW/PAC and NEP; up to date Statement of Purpose; high priority to key issues that benefits society as a whole; and lastly the services that NOW provides on the global scale. NOW currently has 500,000 active members and 550 chapters throughout the 50 states and District of Columbia.
What would be life if we didn’t have socialization? If we didn’t have socialization, mention in Chapter 2 of the Sensory and DiAngelo book, the systematic training into the norms of our culture, we wouldn’t have generalized women and men. Then women would probably be stuck being just housewives with no other options. It is because we have socialization that feminists were created and have been fighting for us women. The schools started popping up in America, primarily in the West, the government thought it would be a good idea to hire women because they are caring, but stern. Teaching opened the doors for women to get their voice heard. I understand that people in today’s times are more accepting of all, but it was different in the 18th century. The world where white men dominated, and if you did just one thing wrong in their eyes there was a good chance you were to get beaten. And that the men in power had to think of an idea for it to be okay. Yeah, women are still treated poorly, by a way of unequal pay and they’re an easier target for rape, but we are different and for the better. It just goes to show that women can be their own superheroes by standing up for themselves. (Word
Racialization is not a one-way highway that directs racism toward minorities. Instead, we should make a more detailed microscopic analysis on multiple factors that demonstrate complicated relationships between minority groups and outer influences from the public. After diving into the understanding toward different layers of racialization, various factors that define identities can be observed. In the game of hegemony, race is not the sole identifier dividing groups of people apart as other characteristics like gender, sexuality and class all contribute to enrich an individual’s background. “Intersectionality,” in this case, is an umbrella term on the subject of analyzing how different minority groups with mixed identities influence and, at the same time, are influenced by social, economic and political forces in a given social construction. Examining closely on “intersectionality” helps to recognize social issues in a more acute manner as the observer no longer lingers at one spot on a spectrum without detecting the entire scope of the problem. From Sojourner Truth’s essay, she asserted that black women were “minority within a minority” in civil right movements since they were powerless against a mix of racial and gender discrimination. Giving the condition that the entire black community was being treated as the “other,” the black women community received a more disadvantaged social place when women became the “other” section within the black population. Another similar example that is closely related to the complexity of “intersectionality” is demonstrated in the text “La Femenista” as the author introduced the Chicanas. These minority women experienced extreme prejudice from racism, sexism, and sexual racism for being members of a “Spanish speaking, culturally different, non-Anglo group” (Gomez 191). Unlike the black women community discussed
The National Organization for Women also known as “NOW” was created by a group of feminist who were dedicated to change the sex discrimination being made towards women. During modern history, women struggle to gain equal rights and opportunities. Unlike men who were giving all the privileges and benefits of society. NOW goal was to make sure women had all the opportunity and benefits no less or more but equally as men. Women would get paid low salary wage compared to men and denied opportunity to advance in their workplace. They had limited job openings and where unwelcomed to professional programs in education. Even though women were married to their husband they had no legal right to their husband's earnings or property and even divorced was