The Media
The media is a very influential part of society that is everywhere. This powerful form of control is contributing to rape culture and violence against women through the images and messages it presents. "Evidence has accumulated that adolescents’ exposure to sexual media content is related to a variety of gender stereotypes and sexual beliefs." (Peter & Valkenburg, 2007, p. 381)
The media teaches girls from a very young age that their bodies and what they look like are the most important part of them. This is also problematic to boys, since it sexualizes women and displays them as props, rather than intellectual, equal individuals. “Exposure to sexual media content may boost adolescents’ beliefs that women are sex objects.” (Peter
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& Valkenburg, 2007, p.394) Peter & Valkenburg (2007) states that: The sexual objectification of women may be defined as the reduction of women to their sexual appeal in terms of their outer appearance and a focus on their body (parts). It also entails a strong concern with women’s sexual activities as the main criterion of their attractiveness and the depiction of women as sexual playthings waiting to please men’s sexual desires. In sexually non-explicit content as featured in prime-time television programming and music videos, a focus on women’s bodies is more common than a focus on men’s bodies.
(p. 383)
Women and girls are sexualized in the media through the use of their bodies to sell products, which results in a horrible effect on their self esteem as they are seeing photoshopped images which are unrealistic goals to achieve.
Not only does this create low self esteem, but it is a contributing factor to much bigger issues present in our society. This could include eating disorders, depression, suicide, and further promote rape culture. “As concerns about body image and eating disorder behaviors among young women have increased in recent years, researchers have begun to examine the thinner standard of beauty portrayed in the media as an influential factor.” (Kim & Lennon, 2007, p. 4) By continuously seeing only “thin and beautiful models in advertisements,” (Kim & Lennon, 2007, p. 4) many women start to believe that this is the ideal body to have, although the images we see are often altered and unrealistic. It “creates self-doubt and dissatisfaction among many young women concerning their bodies and faces and can undermine their self-confidence. As a result, they may indulge in unhealthy eating practices that are associated with eating disorders.” (Kim & Lennon, 2007, p. 4) Women are also often underrepresented and this further deepens the patriarchy in
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society. Women tend to be underrepresented in professional positions in the media. "While men are mostly represented as experts, professionals and workers, the portrayal of women highlights a lack of status. Research shows all categories are male dominated. (Montiel, 2015, p. 185) In addition, many issues that are discussed in the media are those that hold men’s values, which further deepen a patriarchal society. "Feminist media scholars agree that media are not gendered neutral; that patriarchy is the cause of discrimination against women, given that media and information tools are driven by patriarchal values" (Montiel, 2015, p. 182) This is shown when you hear about issues surrounding sexual assault and rape. The media will tell women where not to go, what not to do, etc. So not only does the media promote a rape culture, but also reports it in the wrong ways. By doing this, women are further victimized, secluded, and restricted. Workplace In addition to the media, the workplace is a part of society that controls many women and only displays further that our society is a patriarchal one. The glass ceiling theory, pay inequalities, and sexual harassment are all barriers women often face in this setting. This controls us because it does not allow for growth within their employment, and further oppresses the inequalities many are faced with. - glass ceiling theory It has been found “that even at the top women and men are significantly different in terms of values and risk attitudes.” (Adams & Funk, 2012, p. 220) Many “firms may be reluctant to appoint women to leadership positions because they believe they are too risk averse or conservative.” (Adams & Funk, 2012, p. 221) This shows that women are being placed into a category, stating that everyone acts the same. Since you are a women, it is believed that you act a certain way and hold specific characteristics similar to every other woman. Claiming that “women in the population have significantly different values than women who obtained their director positions in the competitive market for directors” (Adams & Funk, 2012, p. 221) is also problematic. By doing so, we are stating that women in this position of power hold similar characteristics and values to those of men. This still implies that men are more valuable for higher positions and the only way to achieve these higher positions as a woman is to adopt characteristics of men. - pay inequality “Usually, gender wage discrimination is identified as the difference in earnings between male and female workers who are otherwise identical in their attributes and thus in their expected productivity.” (Río, Gradín & Cantó, 2011, p. 60) One reason why this wage gap exists could be that “women are concentrated in low-paying occupations, industries, establishments and occupations within establishments and that gender segregation accounts for a sizable portion of the overall gender pay gap.” (Drolet, 2002, p. S42) - sexual harassment "While the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission reports that the number of sexual harassment charges filed has declined from 15,889 in 1997 to 7,256 in 2013, sexual harassment still comprises a significant percentage of all civil rights claims." (Armstrong & Organ, 2014, p. 42) Perhaps the numbers have decreased because there is less sexual harassment in the workplace. However, maybe it has decreased due to other reasons. The harassment could be more hidden and not as frequently reported, this could be due to a fear of losing their job, being socialized into thinking it is okay, embarrassment, shame, fear of others not believing them, blaming themselves, etc. "Sexual harassment in the workplace... settings creates an environment that demeans people and may have a negative impact on individual performance and effectiveness as well as organizational productivity and unit morale." (Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Educational Settings, 2006, p. 1753) Women do not deserve to work in these environments and fear going to work. Although they may not encourage it, many men benefit from sexism because it keeps women economically disadvantaged. They may not even realize this. However, this allows men to continuously get more promotions than women, earn a higher wage, and often be taken more seriously have their voice hold more importance. The Law - the law made by men for men, equal employment opportunity act changes and why there are still inequalities and sexual assaults with this in place… not taken seriously?, Janzen v. Platy Enterprises Ltd., [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1252, Foucault and Marx “disease in which women invent, exaggerate, and repeat all the various absurdities of which a disordered imagination is capable, has sometimes become epidemic and contagious." (Foucault, 1973, p. 138-139) In “Maladie d'amour ou melancholie erotique, [Jacques Ferrand] declared that women were more often distracted by love than men; but with what art they could dissimulate it!” (Foucault, 1973, p. 139-140) Changes for a Better Future Although our society appears to be run by the patriarchy, there are many opportunities we can create for change.
Through education, feminism, and awareness, we could see many changes in many different parts of our society.
Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Educational Settings (2006) offers many recommendations to help prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Some examples of these suggestions include ensuring that every complaint is taken seriously and followed up, encouraging those in a power of position to be a positive role model, implementing education to avoid such behaviour, and having a written procedure known to all for a resolution. In addition, taking every complaint seriously and allowing the complainant to remain confidential. This could potentially encourage more women to report their
harassments. In one of Jane Doe’s presentations, she perfectly describes what is wrong with our society and how we could fix this. Nothing will ever change until men become more involved this issue, arguably because it is more specifically about them. Traditionally, men have been socialized to be violent and tough, while women absorb this violence and become passive. This is not okay, and so the socialization of both young boys and girls need to be drastically changed. The media also plays a role in this system, as they focus on the woman. Jane Doe expressed that the warnings we hear today are problematic. They are fear based and call for women to further sensor themselves, telling us what not to do, to hide, to become invisible. Women always hear what “not” to do; Do not go there, do not be alone, do not wear that or you are asking for it. The most powerful part of this presentation was actually seeing posters and warnings that women would like to hear instead of our current ones, and they were made by women. They included things such as addressing the perpetrator and demanding them to think about their mother, sister, or daughters. This disables society and the media to further victim blame. The society we live in needs a huge shift in order for there to be safety, and equality for women.
I believe the objectification of women’s bodies has not only a huge effect on women and their self-esteem, but our society as well. By objectifying women we are not only teaching all young females that they are only as good as their bodies. We are teaching all of our young men that women deserve no respect, no peace of mind, and that we are nothing more than objects to use and to look at. As Jean Killbourne said, “turning a human being into a thing is almost always the first step toward justifying violence against that person” (Delaney, 2010). This can be seen in the media advertisements thrust into our faces on a daily basis. The effects of this are also very clear if you know what you are looking for. “Although biology may create some behavioral
While they rarely admit as much, the main stream media often takes for granted the power they possess to shape our society. The advent of the internet has granted the media unfettered access to our children and young people. The images of women are more and more often extremely sexual in nature. This has created an environment where women have no value beyond appearance. In the documentary “Miss Representation” Dr. Kilbourne informs us, ‘Girls get the message from very early on that what's most important is how they look, that their value, their worth, depends on that. Boys get the message that this is what's important about girls.’ This is the frightening reality of how our young people are being taught to view the world. Considering, how much information is at our disposal, a controversial issue has been continually overlooked, the devaluation of women.
Media is the largest and most influential resource in the world. People learn more from media than any other resource. However media can be very dangerous. Media often degrades and misrepresents women. Girls get the message from early on that what is most important is how they look. No matter what a woman accomplishes, her self-worth and value will always rely on appearance. Media devalues women through music, video games, television/film, even women in politics are undermined. Most of the time, women are stereotyped into being perfect people with silky hair, perfect teeth, incredibly skinny bodies, etc. Media tends to reinforce these stereotypes as that is not a true representation of actual women.
Paddock , C. (2007). Sexualization of girls in the media is harmful. Medical News Today, Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/63514.php
"Children are influenced by media–they learn by observing, imitating, and making behaviors their own" (APA, 2001, p.1224). Girl’s as young as 4-years sees Britney Spears music clip “Baby One More Time”, who at the time was a 17-year old girl/world pop icon at the time wearing a school uniform showing off her midriff, wearing a lot of makeup and a short skirt. Disney teen icons such as Miley Cyrus aka Hannah Montana taking personal photos of herself in “sexy” poses and sending it to her ‘older’ boyfriend and then having it all published all over the internet for the entire world to see. Boys also face sexualization too, as has been seen in Calvin Klein ads, where pubescent-looking boys pose provocatively with perfectly sculpted six-pack abs hawking teen fashion These pop culture celebrities both female and male are always in the media, for inappropriate actions and they’re meant to be role models for children. In fact most of these sexualized celebrities are still children themselves. The sad part is it’s not just sexualization being encouraged in the media other negative things such as violence, drug and alcohol use ...
In this age, media is more pervasive than ever, with people constantly processing some form of entertainment, advertisement or information. In each of these outlets there exists an idealized standard of beauty, statistically shown to effect the consumer’s reflection of themselves. The common portrayal of women’s bodies in the media has shown to have a negative impact on women and girls. As the audience sees these images, an expectation is made of what is normal. This norm does not correspond to the realistic average of the audience. Failing to achieve this isolates the individual, and is particularly psychologically harmful to women. Though men are also shown to also be effected negatively by low self-esteem from the media, there remains a gap as the value of appearance is seen of greater significance to women, with a booming cosmetic industry, majority of the fashion world, and the marketing of diet products and programs specifically targeting women.
Brown, J. D., Steele, J. R., & Walsh-Childers, K. (2002). SEXUAL TEENS, SEXUAL MEDIA: Investigating Media’s Influence on Adolescent Sexuality. New Jersey: LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS.
A common trend in the entertainment industry today is the objectification of women in society. Sexualizing women are seen in media such as; movies, advertisement, television show and music video, where their main focus is providing the audience with an image of women as sexual objects rather than a human. This is detrimental to society since the media is producing social stereotypes for both genders, which can further result in corrupted social habits. Objectification in media are more focused on females than male, these false images of women leave individuals with the wrong idea of the opposite sex. As media continuously use sexual contents regarding women, the audience starts underestimating women. Specifically movies, it allows media to shape the culture’s idea of romance, sex and what seems
One of the most prominent and detrimental forms of sexual objectification is in pornography, where it defines a woman’s role as a sexual object for men to use freely (Insert Plato Citation). It was concluded that 88% of the scenes on porn contain acts of physical aggression, which can overexpose men into thinking that this sort of aggression is normal and raise their tolerance of violence (Insert PornStats Citation). It can further warp the minds of the watchers into thinking that this is what relationships and sex are truly like, when in reality many women are forced into the industry or are overly intoxicated to keep the entire experience feeling numb (Insert ThePinkCross Citation). Pornography also touches in on an even darker subject of pedophilia, or the paraphilia involving sexual attraction to prepubescent children. Pedophilia is mostly found in males, who are also the sex that is 543% more likely to watch pornography (Insert PornStats Citation). Television shows and movies exhibit men of all shapes, sizes, and ages married or dating women of one body type, which is usually young and slender. The combination of the media and pornography feeding into the desires for young, petite girls by exposing them in an explicit way leads to the statistic that one in five men are capable of being sexually aroused by children, to some degree, though they may never act on those feelings (Insert TheGuardian Citation). On the other hand, it is still likely to see people telling young girls to not dress in a revealing manner. In the way society uses this, it is almost an oxymoron. The media is telling girls to look a certain way and when they do they are shamed for it. It should be left at if a girl is too young to be wearing ‘that short of...
The media has changed significantly over the past decades. Technology has modified our abilities to expand our communication network, and it allows companies to spread their commercials over many different continents. Research done by Roberts (1993) shows that adolescent and children are often very influenced by media that involves sexual or violent conduct. This research is based on media involving children and adolescents, however this does not eliminate the effect media has on adults (Singer & Singer, 2001, p. 269).
Rape and rape culture have been a longstanding issue in American society. Looking at modern influences such as the media, our nation’s history, and the way our Consider the following: How has rape culture evolved through our history? What role does the media play in rape culture? And most importantly, how has rape become institutionalized in American society?
The media negatively influences the way women are portrayed in modern society and culture. This can severely impact the way a woman views her self worth and beauty.
...y standards, further resulting in negative impacts on their self-esteem and confidence. Furthermore, this limited perspective of beauty causes women to be blinded and not realize that there is not one specific look of beautiful, but many. In a sense, women are taught to think that beautiful is being thin, having silky hair, toned legs, big breast, blemish and acne-free skin, and so on. However, in order to reach these beauty standards set by society, a woman can overwork her body in order to lose weight by dieting, or not eating to be “thin”, which also puts her health at risk and acts as an additional issue. Women who fail to reach these beauty standards set by society, may feel as though it is their fault and end up feeling even more insecure and bad about their body image, when in fact, the beauty standards were unrealistic and unattainable from the beginning.
To conclude sexual harassment is a tremendously huge issue that should be taken seriously. The only solution for tackling this situation is to speak up when this situation happen to someone. Encourage the victim of sexual harassment to come forward and report to proper authority as soon as possible. The longer the victim waits, the less probability that it will be corrected. If there is someone out there that had been victim of harassment confront the person regarding the situation. Call for help and consult with local HR representative or appropriate authority. Do not become part of the statistics of such shameful acts. Get help! Finally, sexual harassment laws must be strengthened in order to fix what has become a serious problem today in the workplace in order to avoid having more victims.
In addition to legal measures, many governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations, and other bodies are using a range of techniques to prevent sexual harassment and help its victims. Governments, for example, issue guidance on how to design anti-sexual harassment measures and to offer counselling to workers who have been targeted. Workers’ and employers’ organizations are producing model policies and collective agreement clauses, issuing guidance on complying with laws, conducting research and providing training. At the workplace, growing numbers of employers are introducing sexual harassment policies and complaints procedures. Moreover, there appears to be an emerging consensus around what workplace policies should contain and the steps to be taken to implement them, which can be used by those employers who have yet to take action.