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History of modern chemistry
History of modern chemistry
History of modern chemistry
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The 20th century was filled with advancements in science and technology as chemists rapidly began introducing new techniques and discoveries into the world. Linus Carl Pauling is one of the most well recognized scientists of the 1900’s as his assortment of knowledge spread across many topics of science. Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon where he was forced to begin working at a young age of twelve due to his father’s death when he was merely nine. Although Pauling was often preoccupied with family responsibilities, he quickly realized his interest in the field of science. In 1922 Pauling finished his schooling at Oregon Agricultural College in Corvallis with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering. To quote a biography written by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, Linus was “a remarkable man who insistently addressed certain crucial human problems while pursuing an amazing array of scientific interests, Dr. Pauling was almost as well known to the American public as he was to the world’s scientific community” (n.p., n.d.). It is apparent that Linus Carl Pauling is glorified as one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, because he had a historical impact in science, an effect on society, and a personal impact on everyone around him.
Historical Impact
From an early age Pauling served as an example of success for his peers, often offering as a teacher to recently taken classes while he was in school (Simoni, 2003). To give a perspective into the accomplishments of Pauling’s career, he is currently the sole person to be given two Nobel Prizes; the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1954) and the Nobel Prize for Peace (1962). Pauling published a General Chemistry book that has been used by various programs...
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... knowledge that encompasses a multitude of topics of science. Pauling spoke out for what he believed in and did not let his beliefs be shaped by societal customs, as I also hope to do on an everyday basis. There are many current societal issues that are present in the world today and I will make sure, similar to Linus Pauling, to speak out about my beliefs and try and make a difference.
Works Cited
Goertzel, Ted George, and Ben Goertzel. "Introduction." Linus Pauling: a life in science and
Politics. New York: Basic Books, 1995. 13. Print.
Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.
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Simoni, Robert, Robert Hill, Martha Vaughan, and Herbert Tabor. "Linus Pauling: Scientist and
Social Activist." THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 278.51 (2003): e3. Jbc.org. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.
middle of paper ... ... The Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history>.
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Another man that made discoveries that reinforced those of Pasteur was Robert Koch. Robert Koch isolated the germ that causes tuberculosis, identified the germ responsible for Asiatic cholera, and developed sanitary measures to prevent disease. (1) In the late 1880s, genes, white blood cells, and aspirin were discovered. An Augustinian monk from Austria, Johann Gregor Mendel, experimented in the crossplanting of pea plants.
Edmund Beecher Wilson, a biologist from Columbia University in New York City, made this same discovery at about the same time as Nettie. Nettie also established that chromosomes exist as paired structures in body cells.
...or instance, hepatitis C virus), biological molecules (such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) virus (Bauman et. al. 2011). Rosalyn had went farther in the world of science than anyone including her self thought was possible (Bauman et. al. 2011). Rosayln and Berson changed history, altered the way science was perceived and their time, and how today we see and research science.
Mary Maynard Daly was born on April 16, 1921 in Corona, Queens and was the daughter of the well-educated Ivan C. Daly and Helen Daly. The Daly’s were well cultured and educated but could not wholly peruse their dreams because of financial complications so Mary Daily took her parents endeavor and turned it into her personal incentive. In addition, Daly’s grandparents contributed a vast role in her road to triumph, by laying down the groundwork of chemistry when she was younger. When Daly visited her grandparents who lived in Washington D.C she was able to read bout scientist and their accomplishments in her grandfather’s diverse and informative library. During her readings at her grandparents’ house, Daly found her science muse, a chemist named Paul De Kruif who made her decision to pursue chemistry as a career assured. Later on Daly married Vincent Clark, in 1961 and decided to move to Florida and unfortunately Daly died in 2003 and the cause of her death was unknown.
Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States. New York: Free Press. Manning, Kenneth R. (1983). The. Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett.
Throughout history, the curiosities of obtaining knowledge of facts that show the operation of general laws have resulted into the improvements of today’s society. Such curiosity of chemical reactions coiled in the minds of John Dalton in the atomic theory, Rosalind Franklin with genetics, and most importantly Antoine Lavoisier the father of modern chemistry. All who, worked extensively to acquire the understanding that fascinated them most, chemistry. Another chemist who sought after the same knowledge was Stanislao Cannizzaro. Studying organic chemistry Cannizzaro explained how certain elements lacked the hydrogen atom in what is know n as the Cannizzaro Reaction.
Herbert, Wray. "Politics Of Biology. (Cover Story)." U.S. News & World Report 122.15 (1997): 72. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Dec. 2011.
Altman, Lawrence K. “For 3 Nobel Winners, a Molecular Mystery Solved.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 7 Oct. 2013. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.
Everyone on this earth has to be grateful to Paul Ehrlich because he made so many advances in medical research. Our life expectancy rate would still be around forty years if Ehrlich hadn’t been interested in chemistry and biology as a young boy. If Ehrlich hadn’t combined so many different chemicals, he would have never combined the chemical known as number 606.
The reason I wrote this report is that I wanted to find out where Nobel came from and what forces played a role in his creation of such a destructive power. Also, I am very curious what caused his shift in perspective to create a prize to better society. Over the years there have been many winners of the 5 Nobel prizes, and I intend to investigate some of their individual contributions to help determine criteria for winning the prizes.
The Web. The Web. 13 Mar. 2014.
In Pauling’s own words he was “…a physicist with an interest in chemistry. [His] scientific work, however, has not been restricted to chemistry and physics, but has extended over X-ray crystallography, mineralogy, biochemistry, nuclear science, genetics, and molecular biology; also nutrition and various aspects of research in medicine, such as serology, immunology, and psychiatry” (Marinacci Ed., 1995, p. 26). Pauling received two Nobel Prizes acknowledging his contributions, one in Chemistry in 1954 and one for Peace in 1962.
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