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An essay on louis pasteur
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The Life and Accomplishments of Louis Pasteur
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica (2013) Louis Pasteur was both a chemist and a microbiologist. This human was a man of many great accomplishments who made many contributions to the field of science, technology and medicine. Louis Pasteur was a pioneer of his field and should be greatly respected. Without his contributions we would not have many of the cures to some of the most deadly viruses and diseases. We would also not be able to enjoy a lot of the food and drinks that we consume daily without the threat of possibly becoming sick. Just a few of Pasteur’s contributions are the creation of pasteurization and the creations of vaccines to combat Rabies and the Anthrax disease. Louis Pasteur is a man of many accomplishments and is one of the biggest names in medical and scientific history. He’s benefited the world by his vaccinations and his creations of pasteurization alike.
Louis Pasteur was born in the country of France in the year of 1822. According to Biography.com (2013) “his father, Jean-Joseph Pasteur, was a tanner and a sergeant major”. It is said that his father’s strict manner was the reason for Pasteur’s consistency in what he did. In early grade school Pasteur wasn’t anything more than the average student. It wasn’t until Louis Pasteur went to the Royal College of Besancon that his true gift began to show. In the year of 1842 Pasteur received his Bachelors in Science. According to BBC (2013) Louis Pasteur received his Doctorates degree from the École Normale University in the city of Paris, France. After Pasteur finished his degrees he went on to be a teacher while completing his research. BBC (2013) states that Pasteur taught at both Dijon and Strasbourg where he...
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... he could find a stable one. After a lot of research and experimenting Pasteur came to the realization that over time, injecting the vaccine numerous times had actually began to kill the infectious microbes. This was the beginning of inactivated vaccines. After many years of testing, Pasteur decided it was time to try out his vaccine on a human. According to Encyclopedia Britannica (2013.), Pasteur tried out his vaccine on a little boy who had been bitten by a dog with rabies in the year of 1885. His attempt was extremely successful and Pasteur’s name was spread all over the world. The vaccine was used to treat many other victims of the rabies disease and saved many lives. Without this vaccine many people would have and would continue to die from Rabies without any chance at all. This vaccine was one of the biggest accomplishments for the world of medicine to date.
"Rabies Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Nov. 2009. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. .
A remarkable breakthrough in medicine occurred in the late 1800s through the work of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur's experiments showed that bacteria reproduce like other living things and travel from place to place. Using the results of his findings, he developed pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation. He also produced an anthrax vaccine as well as a way to weaken the rabies virus. After studying Pasteur's work, Joseph Lister developed antisepsis, which is the process of killing disease-causing germs.
The first discovery was made in 1952, in the developing field of virology. Virology is the study of viruses and how they behave. To develop the vaccines for the viruses, researchers infected the HeLa cells with many types of infections, such as measles, mumps, and the infamous poliomyelitis virus, also known as Polio. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose mission is to save lives and protect people’s health security, Polio is a "crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads from person to person invading the brain and spinal cord and causing paralysis" (Freeman). Jonas Salk, who was a virologist at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP), used inactivated viruses (virus particles grown in culture and then killed by a form of heat) to create a polio vaccine. Salk drew blood from about two million children, which the NFIP checked for immunization.Through the collection of many HeLa cells and trial and error, the polio vaccine wa...
There is no greater example of this than the change of thought amongst people regarding Miasma. Until this time it was a long held belief that Miasma (polluted air) was the cause of illness. This shifting in the public’s conviction shows how both science and medicine can impact society. Consequently this shift in knowledge occurred as the result of one of history’s most significant contributions to science, the discovery of fermentation. Rosenberg identifies Pasteur’s discovery as one of the defining elements to the eventual identification and eradication of cholera. Rosenberg plainly outlines the changes occurring in the field of science and from his writing it could be assumed that this was also the first introduction to the ontological theory of disease (external source of illness). Pasteur’s fermentation experiments were occurring at the same time as the Cholera epidemic and his results showed that spontaneous generation was not to blame but instead a microscopic bacteria. Fungi as a source of illness among plants, animals, and humans was already widely accepted, as a result the causation of disease took a change of course and the foundation of Germ Theory was
Salk’s research led him to create a vaccine different from any other by using 3 different kind of killed polio virus. In an article it says,”Using formaldehyde, Salk killed the poliovirus, but kept it intact enough to trigger the necessary immune response”(Salk’s institute 1). Salk 's decision to create a vaccine out of inactivated virus was not the strongest protector, but was made strong enough to cure and lower the risk of infection within patients. It was one of the first times someone attempted to take a completely opposite approach than what scientist thought was best. As he said in an interview, “ ‘The principle I was trying to establish was that it was not necessary to run the risk of infection, which would have been the case if one were to try to develop an attenuated or weekend polio virus vaccine’ ”( Salk 2). By taking the risk of creating a vaccine that contradicted what a normal vaccine, was it helped give the United States another weapon to fight back polio without exposing americans to the risk of contracting the disease. His different approach to find a remedy may have been looked down on, but it provided the first protection ever for polio which created hope and has contributed to less fatalities today. Scientists in the medical world began to criticize Salk’s vaccine and gave preference to a polio vaccine that was later created by Sabin out of a live polio virus. Medical professionals saw Salk’s vaccine as useless and thought Sabin’ s vaccine was the best alternative. "the oral polio vaccine also came under attack in the united states for causing eight in ten cases of polio every year”( poliomyelitis 4). Sabin’s vaccine may have been stronger but at least Salk’s never provided a risk of the patients being injected run a risk of being infected again. Salk’s vaccine has provided less risk of a patient to relapse into polio again.
Louis Pasteur could easily be considered one of the greatest patrons of humankind his work in the discovery of vaccinations for rabies, anthrax, chicken cholera and silkworm diseases contributed greatly to society (Rhee, 2014). Pasteur’s accomplishments point to singular brilliance and determination of Pasteur's nature. His work aided in developing medicines in areas such as stereochemistry, microbiology, bacteriology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. Furthermore, his work has safeguarded millions of people from disease through vaccination and pasteurization (Rhee, 2014).
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
Louis Pasteur was a famous scientist throughout the 1800s. He is known for his advancements in vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. He is also known for his breakthroughs concerning disease prevention. He had a wide range of discoveries and advancements, these can be traced by going through the main points in his lifetime which were: his early life, professional career, research contributions of the Germ Theory, contributions to immunology and vaccination, and the honors and wards he received for all of his achievements.
Auguste Escoffier Auguste Escoffier was born on October 28, 1846, in the village of Villeneuve-Loubet, France. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Escoffier and his wife Madeleine Civatte. His father was the village's blacksmith, farrier, locksmith, and maker of agricultural tools. Escoffier's childhood dream was to become a sculptor. Unfortunately, he was forced to give up that dream at the age of thirteen, just after he celebrated his first Holy Communion.
He said “Milk maids who caught cowpox did not later than catch smallpox protected against inoculated smallpox. He also said “Smallpox vaccines were the first to be a successful vaccine to be developed.” So he made vaccines that first started with cowpox that lead into something really dangerous that we have found vaccines for today.
Jonas Salk M.D. developed the polio vaccine. Salk's vaccine was composed of a "killed" polio virus. This virus kept the ability to immunize while preventing the infection of the patient. Later a "live" vaccine was developed from the live polio virus. This "live" vaccine could be administered orally as opposed to the "killed" vaccine which required an injection. There was some evidence that the "killed" vaccine didn't completely eliminate the virus in the patient. United States public health authorities decided to distribute the oral "live" vaccine to eliminate the polio virus instead of Salk's "killed" vaccine. Unfortunately, the "live" vaccine infected some people instead of immunizing. Countries that used Salk's "killed" vaccine have nearly eradicated the virus.
Thesis: The French Revolution transformed not only the French society, but also had a huge influence and marked impact on what the purposes of the arts and their expression were now, making profound changes in what they would supposed to be used for, in the form of the Neoclassic works of art that made their appearance prior to the French Revolution, in which very special emphasis is given to the patriotic, the nationalist feeling, together with a strong sense of self-sacrifice that should be present in every person’s heart.
Le Corbusier was born in a small town in Northwest Switzerland Known as La Chaux-de-Fonds on October 6th, 1887. Le Corbusier was born Charles-Eduard Jeanneret-Gris only to later change his name to Le Corbusier in 1920. He was born second son to a watch maker Eduard Jeanneret who painted the dials on every watch in their home towns renowned watch factory. His mother Madame Jeannerct-Perrct was a piano teacher and musician. Both parents obtaining artistic careers made Le Corbusier inept to have a career in which he would use his artistic skills. Growing up in the Jura mountains and his families love for the arts are what would later influence his career.
The history of vaccine started with the spread of smallpox disease. Smallpox was a contagious disease and, it was spreading fast leaving permanent scars on patients' faces or worse taking their lives. At the time, there were several attempt to treat and prevent smallpox, but Edward Jenner had the greatest rule in eliminating smallpox.“Jenner's work represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by the deliberate use of vaccination”. ( “Conclusion” 1,2). Nowadays, Statistics show significant reduction in the cases of infectious diseases after the widespread of vaccination. There were annually 63,000 cases of Pneumococcal among children in the United States. After the beginning of vaccination, the cases redu...
Louis Pasteur was one of the most important scientists of our time. The foundation of our knowledge about health and disease comes from the discoveries of this one man. He made many discoveries and solutions for problems of the every day life that are still in effect today.