For- The Liberal Party
The Liberal Party despised the Communist Movement. The party was led by Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies, who despised the idea of Communism. Menzies attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in 1951, but failed this task after the law was challenged in the High Court of Australia where the law was deemed unconstitutional. The Liberals aimed to stop communism from spreading by joining treaties such as the Australia New Zealand United Stated of America treaty (ANZUZ) and the South East Asian Treaty Organisation (SEATO). These treaties stood to say that whenever America would be at war, Australia would follow suit as their one of their allies. This also worked if Australia would go to war, America would stand with Australia. Treaties were considered “Soft Law” and could not be forced upon a particular person or group. Other groups who were in favour of the Vietnam War included the Press, the Catholic Church and the Democratic Labor Party. The Liberal Party was in favour of the Vietnam War and unlike that Labor Party, did not split on ideologies. They were united throughout the movement and built a strong relationship with America during the
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In November 1966, a federal Election was called by Prime Minister Harold Holt, a Liberal. The ALP suffered a huge loss in a large part of the country due to Arthur Calwell’s, the leader of the party at the time, anti-war views and ideologies. Following the election, Calwell was replaced by Gough Whitlam. Whitlam directed an attack on the party’s anti-war policy. The party opposed the war because of their views against Conscription, or Mandatory Military Service. They also opposed banning of the Communist Party of Australia. Other parties who opposed the involvement in the war included various Universities, Protestants, Trade Unions, Save Our Sons, the Moratorium Movement and Conscientious
It must be considered when viewing the achievements of Labour that in 1924, the Labour government was not in a position to push ahead with radical policies, as a minority in the house of commons a Conservative vote and abstinence of a liberal support would have brought the government down. A heavy reliance on the liberals existed in the first labour government which some argue restricted them heavily, policies such as nationalisation and disarmament had no chance of being implemented. Also due to its reliance on the Liberals its relationship with trade unions was damaged as they felt they were not being represented as well as promised. To labour this was a large problem as trade unions provided most of their funds, however to be too sympathetic to the unions would make it difficult to project an image of their party as genuinely national. Labour theorised that a gradual series of changes would be more beneficial to their aims, and using their rise to power in 24 as foundation stone to prove their capability in government, their socialist views were still present, however were a realistic take on Labours ability to bring change to Britain, which was at this point vastly limited.
The partnership between Australia and Japan instigated with the signing of ANZUS treaty in 1951. ANZUS joined the nations of Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America in a defence security pact for the Pacific region. It chiefly resulted from the fear of communism by Western nations. However, from Australia’s point of view at the time, ANZUS also offered protection against a potential threat from Japan. Australia was concerned that Japan would try to conquer the Pacific region again after suffering defeat in the Second World War. Hanson.M (2001:28) sates that shortly after the end of World War Two, Australia wanted the Japanese government turned into a democracy. She even wanted a peace treaty that punished those leaders responsible for Japan’s aggression, broke the great industrious complexes of Japan’s economy, and left Japan disarmed. The ANZUS treaty however, created a connection between Australia and Japan on easier terms. With United States backing Australia, it was now safe to interact with Japan. Although ANZUS did not guarantee direct military support from United States, it still provided consultation in an event of attack on any of the three countries. Wolferen.K (1989:54) notes that security co-operation has been growing between Australia and Japan throughout the 1990’s. Communist China was the major concern for the two nations. Japan and Australia had the same negative views about communism, which led to them sharing a common purpose in countering the communists within that region.
In the run up to the election therefore the Liberals won the working class support. It was perhaps the working class who had the biggest effect on the result of the election, this proved to be in favour of the Liberal Party.
Prime Minister Robert Menzies was a believer in the need for ‘great and powerful friends’ and the idea of ‘forward defence’. Before the 1949 federal election, Menzies campaigned on the representation of the Labor Party as out of touch with Australia’s postwar ambitions. He was aided by Chifley’s willpower to cover union wage stresses and control increase. Predominantly injuring for Labor was a Communist-led coal strike in New South Wales, and the government’s practice of troops to
JOHN F. KENNEDY IN VIETNAM There are many critical questions surrounding United States involvement in Vietnam. American entry to Vietnam was a series of many choices made by five successive presidents during these years of 1945-1975. The policies of John F. Kennedy during the years of 1961-1963 were ones of military action, diplomacy, and liberalism. Each of his decision was on its merits at the time the decision was made. The belief that Vietnam was a test of the Americas ability to defeat communists in Vietnam lay at the center of Kennedy¡¦s policy. Kennedy promised in his inaugural address, Let every nation know...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty. From the 1880s until World War II, France governed Vietnam as part of French Indochina, which also included Cambodia and Laos. The country was under the formal control of an emperor, Bao Dai. From 1946 until 1954, the Vietnamese struggled for their independence from France during the first Indochina War. At the end of this war, the country was temporarily divided into North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam came under the control of the Vietnamese Communists who had opposed France and aimed for a unified Vietnam under Communist rule. Vietnamese who had collaborated with the French controlled the South. For this reason the United States became involved in Vietnam because it believed that if all of the country fell under a Communist government, Communism would spread throughout Southeast Asia and further. This belief was known as the domino theory. The decision to enter Vietnam reflected America¡¦s idea of its global role-U.S. could not recoil from world leadership. The U.S. government supported the South Vietnamese government. The U.S. government wanted to establish the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), which extended protection to South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in case of Communist subversion. SEATO, which came into force in 1955, became the way which Washington justified its support for South Vietnam; this support eventually became direct involvement of U.S. troops. In 1955, the United States picked Ngo Dinh Diem to replace Bao Dai as head of the anti-Communist regime in South Vietnam. Eisenhower chose to support Ngo Dinh Diem. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Mass., on May 29, 1917. Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940 and joined the Navy the next year.
The problems in Vietnam began in 1954 when, still in the aftermath of the Korean War, Vietnam and France signed the Geneva Peace Accord. This accord caused Vietnam to temporarily divide into two separate regions at the 17th parallel. North of the line the Viet Minh would be in control. France would control the region south of the line. This separation would then be discontinued after the national elections of 1956. The Communist superpowers were not pleased with this agreement because they feared it would upset the United States and its European allies. The United States, however, had other ideas. They were more interested in the creation of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (S.E.A.T.O.).
Between the period of 1820-1861 there was a number of political compromises done in order reduce the sectional tension between the North and the South. While each of the compromises created helped the issue that the country was facing at that time, they did not help overall. The compromises were only a temporary fix for the country’s problem of sectionalism. Therefore while political compromises were effective in reducing the tension between the North and the South it did not help in preventing the civil war.
Throughout the history of the United States there has been extraordinary individuals both in business and government that have demonstrated their abilities to be affective leaders among the people in which they are in charge of. There are many definitions of what a leader is and what characteristics a leader should have. One man that demonstrates all aspects of a leader and that has been deemed on the list of one of the greatest presidents who has ever served respectfully belongs to Franklin D. Roosevelt.
In the seventeenth century, both England and France were going through religious and political turmoil. The religious problems were associated with the religions protestant and Calvinists coming out and fighting to be accepted. One of the political turmoils was that both countries were being changed how they were being run, the amount of money had, spent and what was accepted. One of the biggest problems for England and France was the thirty years’ war, which began with conflicts between Catholics and Protestants within the Holy Roman Empire, it involved most European states. The war ended with many central European lands in ruins and the balance of power shifted toward France, England, and the Dutch Republic. France for years had to raise
After the civil war, America was rapidly growing socially and economically. Because of the rapid industrial growth, many businesses were abusing their workers and therefor gave them very low wages. Workers and many other people began to unite and fight for their rights and for the well-being in society. This time period, known as the Progressive era, brought very important social changes and reforms. The Progressive era was very successful because the majority of the changes were to improve the lives of all American workers and to make a beneficial change. The Progressive Era had four main goals; Protecting Social Welfare, Promoting Moral Improvement, Creating Economic Reform, and Fostering Efficiency. The changes took a long period of time to implement and it was not easy making people aware that there was need for change.
Winston Churchill is a great figure in British and world history. After winning the seat of Oldham in the 1900 general elections, he became associated with a faction of the conservative party then led by Lord Hugh Cecil. Churchill opposed government expenditures on the army. His own constituency disliked him, although he was the Member of Parliament until the next general election. After the recess of Whitsun in 1904 he crossed sides to the liberal party where he supported free trade.
Vietnamese communists, in addition to Hồ, were staunch believers in their goal of attaining independence. They were adamant in opposing the French and any other force who worked against them, including the Americans. The communists abided by a common ideology, making it much easier for them to build a common identity, using universality and community as backdrops to their desire for independence. With conformity and individual sacrifices for the greater benefit of the nation in mind, the communists’ influence on the minds of the people was evident. They were able to reach out to those who were long forgotten by the South Vietnamese regime:
American involvement sparked protest in the US, catalyzing a global youth movement. Nationalism in Vietnam not only united the people to fight the Japanese, French and Americans, but also cultivated communist leanings which caused U.S. intervention (Hunt 128). Ho Chi Minh, the leader in Vietnam, was first and foremost a nationalist revolutionary who used communism to rally the people. Harnessing anti-Japanese sentiment, and backed by the allies, he formed the Indochinese Communist Party to drive out the Japanese and implement land reform in the North Vietnam (Hunt 122). Ho Chi Minh used communist ideals to get support from China and the USSR, but was primarily a nationalist domestically. This connection was key to Cold War political tension because the United States got involved in Vietnam to prevent communism, mistaking it for nationalism. Robert McNamara, U.S. secretary of defence during the Vietnam War, reflected in this confusion by writing, “we also totally underestimated the nationalist aspect of Ho Chi Minh 's movement. We saw him first as a Communist and only second as a Vietnamese nationalist” (McNamara). Because of the confusion between nationalism and communism in Vietnam the United States got involved in an extensive conflict that would turn the country against its leadership and begin an anti-war youth movement in the 1960s that became a catalyst for youth movements in France, Mexico and Prague (Hunt 185). Through this succession from nationalism to communism and outside intervention, Vietnamese nationalism shifted global political realities during the cold
I didn't start off as a Liberal when I was younger, I identified with being a Democrat. I think the only reason why I used to identify as being a Democrat because as an African-American I thought that was the right thing to be. In black community’s young black children are taught to be only Democrat because being a Republican is only for rich white people. As I got older and began to do my research about both the Democratic and Republican Party I soon realized that there was a lot of things that I didn't like about either party. While I do tend to agree more with Democrats I still can't fully commit to being a Democrat. When I was younger, I didn't know that there was such a thing as being a liberal I always thought that you only have two choices Democrat or Republican. But that all changed when one day in my history class in high school we talked about the different political parties. We of course talked about Democrats and Republicans, which I already knew about, but then my teacher started to explain what a liberal was. My teacher
Modern day society is engrossed in a battle for protection of individual rights and freedoms from infringement by any person, be it the government or fellow citizens. Liberalism offers a solution to this by advocating for the protection of personal freedom. As a concept and ideology in political science, liberalism is a doctrine that defines the motivation and efforts made towards the protection of the aforementioned individual freedom. In the current society, the greatest feature of liberalism is the protection of individual liberty from intrusion or violation by a government. The activities of the government have, therefore, become the core point of focus. In liberalism, advocacy for personal freedom may translate to three ideal situations, based on the role that a government plays in a person’s life. These are no role, a limited role or a relatively large role. The three make up liberalism’s rule of thumb. (Van de Haar 1). Political theorists have