Who would have thought the lack of sanitation could be deadly? According to the research I have done on public toilets and sanitation in India, the percentage on the lack of sanitation is incredibly high. This particular topic caught my eye because I had knowledge about the public toilets in India. For example, it was already brought to my knowledge that 53 percent of India’s population is defecating out in the open. It was very interesting and I wanted to know more about it. India is a large country and is filled with a variety of health problems like no public toilets, unsanitary facilities, and environmental sanitation issues in general.
Katherine’s Boo Behind the Beautiful Forevers reveals that the lack of sanitation is a cause to some of the deaths in Mumbai. In chapter 7, Fatima is in a hospital where the poor people of Mumbai go to seek medical attention. The nurses of Cooper Hospital want to avoid touching her. Her husband has to apply burn cream to his wife himself since the nurses refuse to do so, and that is their job. There is one doctor who does not have a problem with touching Fatima. He would come in and stretch her arms out and as he did that, her bandages would come off. As a doctor, you would think he would go get new bandages to put on Fatima; instead, he put the same bandages back on her. The doctor putting the dirty bandages back on Fatima might have added to her death. Katherine Boo might have added this scene in the book to portray to the readers that India is so much poorer than we realize. People were dying every day at Cooper Hospital in Mumbai under different conditions and it being so unsanitary makes the deaths that occur even worse. Boo made it clear that the lack of cleanliness is high and something...
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...at the average household in a programme community could save as much as 7 United States dollars per month (or 5% of monthly household cash expenditures) in coping costs, but would not reduce illness costs. Poorer, socially marginalized households benefited more, in alignment with programme objectives. (535)
This evaluation had a moderate but significant impact on the reported adoption of taps and toilets. It was discovered that 13% more private tap use and 7% more private toilets in programme villages compared to control villages. The impact on hand washing or home water treatment was not found. The changes that were happening in tap and toilet use reduced costs in the households. This also stopped people from going out and defecating in the open, along with decreasing the sanitation-related diseases going on. This affected many lives in India in a positive way.
...lk about projects such as these two,we must bear in mind that there are relatively great chances for the government to atleast have awareness of the underlying practices and situation. If we use the alternatives, it will incur cost but it will let go of the sacrifices and compromises poverty stricken nations have to pay. On the stakeholders i.e. the general masses it will be beneficial as they will be paid for their work in legal framework and will be provided water products in the market (Me, 2014).
In this image, a sewage worker is seen cleaning the drainage system, with his bear hands, without the use of either any equipment’s or protection. On the first glace, the image depicts the idea of health risk, because the man is exposed to such contaminants, which for him is work. He is looking up from a dirty drain, covered in filth, which shows that he is clearly used as the subject of this image, whom we are engaged to more as he is making eye contact with its viewers. This picture only includes one person into the frame, as the other man’s face isn’t available to see in this picture, which is man that is holding the bucket. Holding a bucket either emphasise the idea that he is helping the sewage worker, either to get the dirt out or to put the dirt in the drainage system.
Diet, Health, and Sanitation in Victorian England are so interrelated that it is difficult to examine one without being led to another. A.S. Wohl sums it up when he states: "It is rather commonplace of modern medical opinion that nutrition plays a crucial role in the body's ability to resist disease and the experience of the World Health Organization indicates that where sanitary conditions are rudimentary and disease is endemic (that is, where nineteenth-century conditions prevail, so to speak) diet may be the crucial factor in infection" (Wohl 56). However, there was often a vicious cycle at work in these trying times and it is difficult to point to the root causes of some of the contagion that infected people. Also there were various philosophies, some not as instructive as others, being practiced in the early part of the nineteenth century that tried to explain sanitation problems and poverty. When can see how pervasive this problem was as it made its way into much of the literature at the time. Its representation was rather grim. Works such as Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist and Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton represent the harsh reality of these conditions.
“The 1910 Report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching… further heightened expectations for substantial improvements in the quality of medical care and in the general health of the population” ( Winkelstein, Jr., 2009, p. 44). Issues such as major medical care problems and public safety existed in US cities after industrialization. The emerging progressive era would work to correct sanitation and medical system issues which lead to the US improving conditions. Most of the U.S. population would not acknowledge that there were any problems and these institutions would try to exclude certain people from having access to any health programs. In the Progressive era issues in the healthcare and sanitation systems were improved
This literature review will analyze and critically explore four studies that have been conducted on hand hygiene compliance rates by Healthcare workers (HCWs). Firstly, it will look at compliance rates for HCWs in the intensive care units (ICU) and then explore the different factors that contribute to low hand hygiene compliance. Hospital Acquired infections (HAI) or Nosocomial Infections appear worldwide, affecting both developed and poor countries. HAIs represent a major source of morbidity and mortality, especially for patients in the ICU (Hugonnet, Perneger, & Pittet, 2002). Hand hygiene can be defined as any method that destroys or removes microorganisms on hands (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). According to the World Health Organization (2002), a HAI can be defined as an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. The hands of HCWs transmit majority of the endemic infections. As
In “Huh?” by Robert Perez-Ossers there is mention of societal standards and expectations and how they have affected the author throughout his life. While analyzing the passage I noticed it was directed primarily towards young adults who feel isolated, exhibited examples of problems in society, and the confidence the author displays while expressing his thoughts. There seemed to be a significant amount of emotion throughout the text and I recognized how passionate the author was to get his point across throughout the passage. The preceding ideas shape the way Perez composes his writing and how he expands his thoughts to concepts that are common in social situations.
In a 2014 report by the Indian government Planning Commission, it is estimated that 363 million Indians were living below the poverty line in 2011-12 (Ritika Katyal, 2015). Since many live under the poverty line, countless amounts of people have poor sanitation and poor health care facilities. Diseases are common in people living in poverty because of the lack of resources to maintain their bodies in combating the diseases. People living in poverty have to deal with poor sanitation conditions and this is usually the reason why many of them contract disease. Malnutrition can also be a leading cause of additional health issues.
Measures to expand and improve public delivery systems of drinking water, contributing to a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with enteric diseases, because these diseases are associated directly or indirectly with providing substandard water or poor provision water. Currently, 1,400 million people lack access to safe drinking water and nearly 4,000 billion lack adequate sanitation. According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of diseases are transmitted through contaminated water.
SANITATION: The sanitation in England in the Elizabethan era was terrible and greatly contributed to the influx of many diseases at the time. This was due partly to the fact that the citizens of England had no concern or motive to improve their polluted living environment. The people of England weren’t aware that their eco-destructive habits were ultimately affecting their health and exposing themselves to diseases.
Parents across the nation have struggled with the effectiveness of toilet training. Toilet training is an age old task that does not just consist of making it in time to the restroom, but a complete process of discussion, undressing, eliminating, dressing again, flushing the toilet, and washing ones hands (Brannigan, Cuskelly, and Keen, 2007). With a variety of techniques parents have created their own way of completing the process of toilet training through some form of behavior modification. Behavior modification involves the systematic application of learning principles and techniques to assess and improve individuals’ covert and overt behaviors in order to enhance their daily functioning (Martin and Pear, 2015). While parents create their
In the Nepal’s example on the web, the child sickness was due to lack of education on food hygiene and lack of infrastructure (sanitation and drinking water). Thus, teaching the mother about treating water before drinking and the importance of hygiene in handling aliments would prevent the child diarrhea episode and even save the other son that died in the past from this disease.
With poor living conditions and over population can cause many forms of disease and unclean living conditions, and with poor living conditions you get the spread of airborne diseases such as tuberculosis and respiratory infections such as pneumonia. (Health poverty action). When people die of disease related deaths economic productivity declines as well as person tragedy. When this happens produ...
Clean Water: “An under-appreciated liquid to Survive” Water is pure and transparent liquid that is vital for all humans, plants and animals on the planet. In the United States, people have access to clean drinking water and clean sanitation systems, not like in other parts of the world where clean, safe drinking water is getting scarce. A lot of people don’t have access to it, and many regions are suffering severe drought. Yet, when humans take it for granted, they don’t appreciate that a reliable, clean supply of water is essential to human health, economy and agricultural prosperity. Having clean and safe potable water is a right, and not a privilege.
Approximately 844 million people (one tenth of the population) in the world do not have access to clean and 2.3 billion do not have access to a decent toilet. This poor sanitation and contaminated water quality is the cause of death for over 289 000 children under the age of 5 every year.
The combination of safe drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities is a precondition for health and for success in the fight against poverty, hunger, child deaths and gender inequality. UNICEF works in more than 90 countries around the world to improve water supplies and sanitation facilities in schools and communities, and to promote safe hygiene practices. All UNICEF water and sanitation programmes are designed to contribute to the Millennium Development Goal for water and sanitation: to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation. Key strategies for meeting the water, sanitation and hygiene challenges are to: