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Beliefs about teaching and learning
Reflections on beliefs about teaching
Quality education of a teacher
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Since the main objective of English language teaching in non-English speaking countries is students’ proficiency in target language, the background of teachers as native or non-native English speakers is one of major concerns. There is always a heated debate whether a native or a non-native English speaking teacher is the ideal one in teaching the target language. According to Medyes (2001 cited in Yeh and Wang, 2009, p. 94-95), a Native English Speaking Teachers (NEST) is an English teacher who speaks the language as a mother tongue, while a non-native English speaking teacher (non-NEST) refers to an English teacher who speaks the language as a second or foreign language.
Moreover, some researches revealed a dichotomous distinction between
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R., 1995. Interdisciplinary Courses and Team Teaching: New Arrangements for Learning. Phoenix: ACE/Oryx. Also retrieved on 11/17/08 at http://www.ntlf.com/html/lib/ictt_xrpt.htm.
Fang, Z. (1996). A Review of Research on Teacher Beliefs and Practices.Educational Research, 38(1), 47-65.
Fauziati, Endang. (2015). Teaching English as a Foreign Language: Principle and practice. Surakarta: Era PustakaUtama.
Freeman, D., & Johnson, K. E. (1998). Reconceptualizing the knowledge-base of languageteacher education. TESOL Quarterly, 32(3), 397-417.
Freeman, D., & Richards, J. (1996). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Hsieh, H. (2002). Teachers’ Beliefs about English Learning: A Case Study of Elementary School English Teachers in Taipei County. Unpublished master thesis. Taipei: National Taipei Teachers‟ College.
Holt-Reynolds, D. (1992). Personal History-Based Beliefs as Relevant Prior Knowledge in Course Work. American Educational Research Journal, 29(2), 325-49.
J. Sikula (Ed.), Handbook of Research in Teacher Education (2nd Ed., 102-119. New York:
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(2004). Cultural and Religious Experiences: Do They Define Teaching and Learning for Pre-Service Teachers Prior to Teacher Education? Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 32(2), 95-110.
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Pajares, M. F. (1992). Teachers Beliefs and Pedagogical Research: Cleaning up a Messy Construct. Review of Pedagogical Research, 62(3), 307-332.
Powell, R. (1992). The influence of Prior Experience on Pedagogical Constructs of Traditional and Nontraditional Pre-service Teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 8 (3), 225-238.
Richards, J.C. (1998). Beyond Training. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Richards, Jack C., and Rodgers, Theodore. (2001) Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C., Platt, J. and Platt, H. (1992). Longman Dictionary of Language and Applied Linguistics, Harlow,
middle of paper ... ... Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 25 (1), 45-51. Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol25/iss1/5. Western Australian Department of Education. a.
166-173). Linda Darling-Hammond (2000) discusses how teacher education has changed and how it has affected our education system (p. 166). The author also notes how even the most intelligent people found it hard to prosper in the field without the right skills and preparation (Darling-Hammond, 2000, p. 166-173). In the article, she presents how post baccalaureate programs are carefully structured, versus alternative routes which can be no more than backup employment options. Darling-Hammond (2000) also addresses how it becomes difficult for aspiring teachers to learn both subject matter and pedagogy (p.
The purpose of this assignment is to explain the impact of English language learners in the classroom. As a foreign student, English language learner in the United States faces multiple challenges for achieving academic success. To successfully complete a task, they need to master both English as a language and how it is used in core content classes especially when they are an adult. When trying to assist in instructing English language learners, they usually have many concepts and language abilities that they need to master, as do the teachers that are trying to teach them. With the incorporation of the concepts and approaches to identify and assess the issues and concerns that we have learned in our classroom instruction, such as lesson preparation,
Tchudi, Susan J, and Stephen Tchudi. The English Language Arts Handbook: Classroom Strategies for Teachers. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1999. Print.
“Formed through the interplay of past performance… teacher expectancies have an undeniable influence on students’ learning. Skinner and Belmont (1993) point out the following about teacher behavior: 1) Teacher behavior influences students’ perceptions of their interactions with teachers. 2) Teacher behavior influences student engagement.” (Bruns 3)
Teachers: What Do We Really Know? Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness , 2 (3), 209-249.
O’Neill,S., Gish, A. (2008). Teaching English as a second language. South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
Swarbrick, A. (2013) Aspects of Teaching Secondary Modern Foreign Languages: Perspectives on Practice. London: Routledge Falmer.
This essay will examine the basis of teachers’ expectations, how teacher demographic relates to student performance, and the different socio-economic factors that aide in the self-fulfilling prophecy. Origins of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Many researchers like Krashen (1985), Harmer (2007), and Turnbull (2001) emphasise that in most EFL (English as a foreign language) environment, a teacher’s English proficiency ...
Richards, J. C., Platt, J., & Plat, H. (2000). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied linguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
The one belief I had about teaching that has changed since I began this unit, is that all teachers, more or less, taught in the same way. Perhaps this is a belief that I had formed from my own time at school, where all my teachers taught in the same way; some were more or less effective, but I wasn’t aware of them using theories or methods as such, more that they were or weren’t kind people. This belief has changed and it has really opened my ideas to the many creative models, and instructional methods a teacher can use.
Williams, M., 1948, & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
In most institutions of learning today, the classes are made up of students from different ethnic backgrounds. These have different traditions and also speak different languages. In a typical classroom, the majority of the students will speak the same language. The teacher must then employ strategies which will accommodate all the students in the class. This will ensure that every learner gets the best quality of education. This will enable them to be better prepared for career and expressing themselves. In this paper, strategies to assist learners of the English language in their literal development for third grade learners. In the paper, three strategies that can be used by the teacher will be discussed. New strategies and research that will help the English language learners to gain in depth mastery of the language will also be discussed. Due to the widespread learning of the English language in most schools, addressing issues of the language learners is of vital importance. Teachers should have the understanding that cultures are what give someone identity and therefore no student should leave their culture for another. Instead, there should be the blending of different cultures so that students can appreciate and learn from each other.
The unprecedented global spread English has experienced in the last years has paved the way for changes in the sociolinguistic profile of the language. In addition to the fact that new varieties have emerged, the number of functional domains in which English plays a role has increased significantly (Sharma, 2008). Currently, English is not only a tool serving national purposes, but also a language institutionalised in several former British and American colonies, and a lingua franca used worldwide. This phenomenon has raised concern about the classification of World Englishes, as well as, about the need to adapt English Language Teaching (ELT) to the new reality. Assuming Kachru’s Concentric Circles Model, this paper will argue that pedagogies based on English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) would be more consistent with the functions of English in Expanding-circle countries than native-centered teaching methods. With this objective, this essay will first give an overview of Kachru’s model, secondly, it will consider the implications ELF methodologies have for classroom practices, and, finally, the advantages and drawbacks of such a pedagogy will be evaluated.