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Working conditions of the industrial revolution
Working conditions of the industrial revolution
Western influence in japan society
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In the era after World War I, Japanese workers were determined to create a revolution that would liberate them and make their lives better. The literature and arts from this period depict the power struggle and the conflicts between the masters and the working class in Japan. This was the age where most Japanese individuals were obsessed with the idea of modernity that was inspired by the west. The mostly younger working class had a great urge to break away from the traditional lifestyle of the past generations and to adopt the new culture. The new Westernized culture had emerged in Japan and was very popular especially with the proletarians. In most of the industries, workers came together to form unions that would push for better working …show more content…
The essay will compare and contrast how the two works explore the modernity in this era, to show the goal of the modern Japanese individual, and reveal how the modern Japanese society might appear. Tanizaki 's Naomi explores the attraction that the working generation had with the modern culture. They believed that western culture was more progressive and better than the traditional culture that their parents followed. The book shows the story of a young and smart engineer, Joji, who is obsessed with the ‘modern ' girl, Naomi. As it is stated in the book saying “In fact, Naomi resembled the motion-picture actress Mary Pickfod: there was definitely something Western about her appearance. This isn’t just my biased view; many others say so, even …show more content…
In both stories, there is the emphasis on shunning the traditional culture and adopting Westernized culture. People wanted a better lifestyle, with a better pay that would help them live a modern lifestyle. Most consistently, they wanted to be independent. They needed to have some control and the freedom to do whatever they wished. This transition happens as a change. With any change, there will be differing opinions, opposition, and conflict from people who don 't want the change. In Naomi, Joji and Naomi are both enthusiastic about the modern world. They are mostly concerned about adopting western sophistication and the culture. When Naomi finally achieves the status of a modern woman, she changes. She discovers she desires more power and control over her husband. Joji doesn 't complain since he has gotten whatever he wanted. According to the two, the modern society should be one where people have freedom of doing whatever they desire, regardless of the moral or social implication. In Fish Factory, the crew members are concerned about their livelihood. They intend to improve their working conditions and gain freedom. Ideally, the modern nation is the one where people are free to do what they desire, and a nation that gives them the resources to lead a western-like
After the industrialization, machine became so important that workers’ excellent skill was not necessary anymore. So talented workers were no more valuable. Entrepreneurs could easily hire cheaper workers to run the machine, which lower the workers’ salaries in a certain degree. Then of course workers wanted to gain equality with their employers like what they lived before. Therefore, workers established Unions to protect their own benefits.
They concentrated on higher wages, shorter hours, and personal issues of workers. The American Federation of Labor’s main weapon was walkouts and boycotts to get industries to succeed to better conditions and higher wages. By the early 1900’s, its membership was up to ½ million workers. Through the years since The Great Depression, labor unions were responsible for several benefits for employees. Workers have safer conditions, higher paying jobs to choose from, and better benefits negotiated for them by their collective bargaining unit.
Unions are voluntary associations joined by workers. The Combination Act of 1800, which hindered the growth of unions, states that every workman's goal, who are entering into any combination should not be obtaining an advance of wages, or to lessen or alter the hours, or influencing any other to quit his work. Any workman who did so shall be committed to jail (Doc 1). Although the Combination Act of 1800 prevented the growth of unions, Ralph Chaplin believes that a worker should join the union. He states that there can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun, but the unions, which makes it strong (Doc 2). Since there's so many workers working in bad conditions, the labor laws came to action.
Akira Kurosaw’s Seven Samurai is a film that encompasses various ideologies in order to allow the audience to understand the lives of Japanese people during the 1600’s. The film delves deep in social issues of the roles of the people within the society, the expectations as well as the obligations within the respected castes and elements within groups of ; suffering, working together, protecting family and working for the better good of the community.
The Industrial Revolution that took place after the Civil War made for a more economically sound country. American workers, however, were becoming more and more dependent upon their wages; a fear of unemployment also stemmed from this. Workers didn’t share in the benefits that their employers reaped. In a chart representing the hours and wages of industrial workers, from 1875 to 1891, it shows that even though their wages were subtly increasing, their 10-hour work day remained the same (Doc. A). Factories were headed by large corporations; this, in turn, meant that new machines lessened the amount of workers in certain fields. As a result of these unsuitable conditions, labor unions were formed. The challenges that these unions faced weren’t easy. If the workers involved in organized labor got too far out of line, these corporations could get federal authorities involved. Moreover, these companies could enforce “ironclad oaths” upon their employees. In a Western Union Telegraph Company employee contract, in 1883, it states that the employee will not be affiliated with any societies or organizations (Doc. E). Despite such setbacks, by 1872 there were over 32 national unions.
U.S. Labor History Unionism can be described as "a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment" (Smelser). This means that a group of workers can unite to gain more power and leverage in bargaining. The bargaining process may include many aspects but usually consists of wages, benefits, terms and conditions of employment. The notion of union came about in the 1700's. In the beginning, as it is today, workers united to "defend the autonomy and dignity of the craftsman against the growing power of the company" (Montgomery).
Throughout history artists have used art as a means to reflect the on goings of the society surrounding them. Many times, novels serve as primary sources in the future for students to reflect on past history. Students can successfully use novels as a source of understanding past events. Different sentiments and points of views within novels serve as the information one may use to reflect on these events. Natsume Soseki’s novel Kokoro successfully encapsulates much of what has been discussed in class, parallels with the events in Japan at the time the novel takes place, and serves as a social commentary to describe these events in Japan at the time of the Mejeii Restoration and beyond. Therefore, Kokoro successfully serves as a primary source students may use to enable them to understand institutions like conflicting views Whites by the Japanese, the role of women, and the population’s analysis of the Emperor.
Union affiliation was first seen in the 1600’s when the roots of the United States were just being planted with skilled trade groups such as artisans, laborers, goldsmiths and printers. Over the next two hundred years, unions developed their desires for higher wages through the use of strikes and protests. The nation’s progress spurred the need for more labor and so began the Industrial Revolution. During the Revolution, many union members began to witness the power that employers had and as a result decided to make use of the concept of power in numbers. The National Labor Union formed in 1866 and worked to persuade congress to set a Federal eight-hour workday, which applied to government employees (Miller). Many large unions formed following in the NLU’s footsteps and uni...
Over the past fifty years Japan has seen significant changes in all aspects of its society and the way it interacts with the outside world. For example, despite suffering a defeat in World War II, Japan soon became one of Asia’s greatest economic powers. In Japan in Transformation, 1952 - 2000, Jeffrey Kingston focuses on various aspects of change in Japanese society and politics in the period after World War II. These include the effect of the US occupation, analysis of postwar politics, the economic boom, changes in demographics, the treatment of women, and foreign policy and security issues. Throughout the book, the author tries and often succeeds to explain many of these changes as part of the legacy of the occupation. All in all, Jeffrey Kingston gives a thorough economic, politic and social analysis of this crucial period in Japanese history.
To begin, we need to look towards the first recorded instance of a labor union in the United States, a union known as the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers (http://www.lovkoandking.com/federal-society-of-journeymen-cordwainers---commonwealth-v-pullis.html). In 1794, a group of cordwainers, shoemakers, in Philadelphia banded together to form the United States’ first form of organized labor union through a series of strikes....
The beginnings of labor unions travel as far back as the colonial era when craft workers like carpenters and cobblers formed guilds, precursors to modern day labor unions (American Federationist, Miller). But it was not until the 1800’s with the advent of the Industrial Revolution and its lamentable working conditions that unions began to increase in membership and popularity (Miller).
Western Washington University (2011). US / Japan culture comparison. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from www.wwu.edu/auap/english/gettinginvolved/CultureComparison.shtml
The Fifteen-Year War was a time of great turmoil and uncertainty in Japan. Various facets of the country were tested and driven to their limits. During the occupation, race and gender began to evolve in ways that had not exactly be seen before. War had a tremendous impact on every part of the life of a Japanese citizen. Both men and women began to fill roles that were completely novel to them. Race became a part of the definition of who people were. As the war progressed and American troops landed on Japanese soil for occupation, more drastic changes occurred. Economic hardship and rations befell the people of the Land of the Rising Sun. Prostitution began to rear its ugly head and rape transpired. Through memory, research, and vivid creativity, the evolution of Japan during the Fifteen-Year War can be analyzed with great scrutiny.
Change is the law of life. A person goes through different stages of life, and at every stage there is transformation in the personality of the person. This new individual is entirely different from the previous one. For this change, different circumstances and events are responsible. Alice Walker’s The Color Purple and Monica Ali’s Brick Lane are two texts of feminism in which we find the theme of evolution among the life of the characters like Celie and Nazneen who, happened to highlight the oppression of women in universal phenomenon irrespective of caste, creed, culture and nation. My paper is an attempt to study these two characters and see how their personality is evolved because of the different circumstances of life.
Brick Lane contains many examples of portrayal of culture. This text is written as a third person omniscient so there are no direct opinions or feelings, although we can clearly figure out what they would be. The main theme that associates with this text is family life. We see how Nazneen’s father forces her marriage and is very strict about it as a result of her sister Hasina’s marriage going wrong. We also discover that in their culture it seems to be accepted for the daughter to be forced to marry the man of her father’s choice when Nazneen says to her father, “Abba, it is good that you have chosen my husband. I hope I can be a good wife, like Amma.” Nazneen states that she thinks her mother is a good wife and hopes she can be like her. We notice that after she gets married, she follo...