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An Essay On Intelligence Test
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Intelligence assessment seeks to measure the abilities of the mind such as the capacities to abstract thought, understanding, communication, and reasoning, planning and solving problems. Intelligence is a collective term that describe the properties and the abilities of the mind such as the capacities to abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, and learning, planning and solving problems. For our case study we have the articles “No association between prenatal exposure to psychotropic and intelligence at age five.” (Ebscohost.com, 2015) and “Associations between motor timing, music practice, and intelligence studied in a large sample of twins.” (Ebscohost.com, 2015) Achievement tests is a test that measure skills and knowledge …show more content…
Stanford-Binet test is given to children even as young as 3 years old and up to adulthood (Roid, 2003). This test attempts to measure cognitive processes that epitomizes intelligence. Weschler intelligence scales are divided into adult scale and child scale. These scales have verbal sub-scales and non-verbal subscales that measures intelligence depending on the specific IQ score. This test is taken by high school students willing to join colleges and universities. But it is still considered as an intelligence test as it measures and scores the same domain abilities. SAT tests is a justifiable measure of intelligence as it shows IQ scores through child’s grades in the …show more content…
Based on different situations intelligence test indicates the intellectual capabilities of the different people. For instance, intelligence test in school helps in indicating different intellectual capacities. Due to changes in environmental and genetic factor IQ keeps on changing (Duckworth, 2011). Intelligence test facilitates in determining the IQ increase rate. Finally, intelligent test measures the achievement test in scholastic assessment test. Study on prenatal exposure seeks to prove that there are no association between prenatal exposure to psychotropic and intelligence at age five. On the other hand, motor timing, music practice, and intelligence studied in a large sample of twins have no association. To clearly identify the association between the prenatal exposures to intelligence the study used Stanford-Binet test to young individuals and their mothers. This test measured cognitive processes, such comprehension and judgment for kids below 5 years. They observed that prenatal exposure had less significant effects on the child’s score on the intelligence. Also, to prove that there was no association between motor timing and intelligence in twins the study used SAT. Ullén et al (2005) that they observed that twins sharing everything had varying intelligence
Not only does the KBIT-2 lack in accommodating for cultural and language barriers, but it is also deficient towards those with mild to moderate motor difficulties due to the fact that the test requires minimal motor skills (Bain & Jaspers, 2010). However, since the test does not require time limits individuals with mild motor difficulties could be assessed. Overall, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition appears to be psychometrically strong and feasible assessment to administer (Bain & Jaspers, 2010).
As both types occur in children’s development, Piagetian and information-processing theories complement each other, with some researchers attempting to combine the two in an effort to develop stronger cognitive-developmental theories. “Scientific reasoning begins in infancy, babies see how objects move and behave, gather information, build patterns of expectations about the world around them and form general categories” (Gopnik, Meltzoff & Kuhl, 1999). Under the Bayley Scale of Infant Intelligence, based on (Bayley, 1993), he had a good report as well as the assessment done by the early childhood specialist at his preschool. The examiner commented that Kieran was able to concentrate very well during all of the testing.
Before answering the questions let find out what intelligence test is. It is a test consisting of a series of tasks requiring people to use various verbal and non verbal skills to measure the individual’s intellectual ability. Now that we know what an intelligence test is we can now answer the question better. Three important short comings of intelligence test that have nothing to do with intelligence are: having low motivation or high anxiety which can greatly influence the performance on the test, also IQ test may contain cultural biases in their language and or tasks that may place people of one background above people of another back ground, and members of minority groups may have little experience with this kind of test or may be uncomfortable with examiners of a different ethnic back ground than them (Comer, 2013, pp.107).
General intelligence tends to relate to various degrees with each other (Cohen 2012). An example of this is that if an individual is good in math, they may also be good in spelling. In this weeks reading we reviewed several different models of measurement of intelligence. In regard to these theories and general intelligence (g), the theories are various but have commonality and overlap. The Spearman's two-factor theory is if a test has high correlation with other test than the measurement of g is highly saturated (Cohen, 2012). The greater the importance of g on a test, the better the test is believed to predict intelligence
Intelligence tests have been developed by scientists as a tool to categorize army recruits or analyze school children. But still discussing what intelligence is, academics have a difficult time defining what intelligence tests should measure. According to the American researcher Thorndike, intelligence is only that what intelligence tests claim it is (Comer, Gould, & Furnham, 2013). Thus, depending on what is being researched in the test and depending on the scientist’s definition of intelligence the meaning of the word intelligence may vary a lot. This essay will discuss what intelligence is in order to be able to understand the intelligence theories and aims of intelligence tests.
Intelligence has been defined in many different ways including ones capacity for logic, abstract thought, creativity, and problem solving. Standardized tests play a major role in education systems today. Although these tests do exemplify a student’s ability to read and write English, this test promotes “teaching to a test.” I have first handedly experienced this in my own life. Standardized tests undermine critical thinking and innovation and are not the best example of intelligence.
In this world, there are many different individuals who are not only different in demographics but also different neurologically. Due to an immense amount of people it is important to first understand each individual, in order, to better understand them and to help them when it comes to certain areas such as education, the work force, and etc…. For this reason psychologists have aimed to further understand individuals through the use of psychological assessments. This paper aims to examine a particular assessment tool, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (Fifth Edition), which measures both intelligence and cognitive abilities (Roid, 2003). This assessment is usually administered by psychologists and the scores are most often used to determine placement in academics and services allotted to children and adolescents (despite their compatibility for adults) (Wilson & Gilmore, 2012). Furthermore before the investigation dives into the particulars of the test, such as its strengths and weakness’, it is best to first learn more about the intelligence scales general characteristics.
This is an essay about the different theories of intelligence; it will discuss which theory is best at determining intelligence in my opinion. The information provided will help describe the pros and cons of each of the theories being used to define intelligence, explain why is it important to assess children’s intelligence, and discuss the type of intelligence I possess. The different theories of intelligence are complex and understanding the elements of each can help an individual choose the one that they believe is the best for determining intelligence. Comparing the positive and the negative elements of each theory of intelligence will allow an individual to see both sides of the theory and the flaws that may be twisted
The recent works of theorists such as Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, John Mayer and Peter Salovery along with many others, are beginning to take the meaning of intelligence and learning from traditional mainstream monopoly of intelligence. This description is very broad; but the measurement of intelligence has been very narrow before which didn’t allow for others to be included as intelligent. It is important to take the definition of intelligences and to give that meaning back to the learner and those that work closely with the learner for learning success. Intelligence is a word that has been used by scientists and other thinkers to describe one’s ability to understand concepts and process them quickly to solve problems that come up in our daily lives that we lead. The narrow measurement of intelligences is being challenged by theorist and researchers who have evidence that there are many forms of intelligence that are being overlooked and deserve to be given scholastic attention.
In a 1921 symposium entitled “Intelligence and Its Measurement”, psychiatrists were asked to define intelligence and their answers varied greatly. One described intelligence as “equivalent to the capacity to learn.” Other definitions included “the ability to adapt adequately to relatively new situations”, “the capacity to learn or profit from experience”, and “the knowledge that an individual possesses.” And one stated that there was no simple definition to the word because “intelligence involves two factors- the capacity for knowledge and knowledge possessed” (Sternberg & Detterman, 1986, p.39-40).
Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.
There are countless studies on whether intelligence is an inherited trait or if it is influenced by environmental factors. A study was conducted with adopted children and non-adopted children to see if a conclusion can be made based on the influence of hereditary and environmental intellectual variation (Leahy). The study was conducted with strict standards to make it valid. For example, the adopted children that were studied were young; they also were brought up in similar backgrounds as the control children. Parents’ occupation was also similar, as this would affect the results if the parents had varying occupations (Leahy). The results from this study showed that:
... al. (2006) and Jones et al. (2007) then state that the Mozart effect solely improves spatial intelligence, hence with regards to Gardner’s (1999) theory of multiple intelligences, is ineffective in developing intelligence as a whole. Furthermore, Rauscher et al (1993) and Thompson et al. (2001) present research that displays only temporary increases in spatial intelligence, therefore demonstrating research is unable to support long term intellectual developments. Additionally, the study of Luby et al. (2011) displays the necessity to consider other factors that result in increases in intelligence such as parental support, in providing long term results. Therefore, examination of these pieces of literature suggests that there is limited evidence in supporting the Mozart effect in babies, and as enhancing intelligence as a whole long term, thus disproving the claim.
Professor Bigot argues that intelligence is only influenced by nature, meaning it is entirely based in genetics, and that one's environment or surroundings can't influence it. However, Dr. Bigot's argument does have some truth to it. With the purpose of investigating the role of genetics in intelligence, researchers have approached twin studies. According to Bouchard and McGue (1981), the closer the biological relationship, the higher the IQ correlation is. This idea was the result of a meta-analysis of 111 studies of IQ correlations between siblings from research studies on intelligence. The Minnesota Twin Study (Bouchard et al. 1990) studies identical twins raised together and identical twins raised apart. Bouchard et al (1990) concluded that 70% of intelligence is associated to genetic inheritance. Therefore, 30% of intelligence may be attributed to other factors. Although the Minnesota Twin Study has been one of the most impressive twin studies carried out, there are several criticisms that test its validity. One of its greatest criticisms was the "equal environment assumption", which states that it can't be assumed that twins reared together are exposed to the same environment.
The Oxford Dictionary defines intelligence as “the ability acquire and apply knowledge and skills.” Many people are born naturally intelligent, able to grasp and understand concepts easily, with little work. In children, it is easy to separate those born with higher intellectual ability from the rest, because they easily excel in learning. This skill is often lost by those born with it, and through a great deal of work others attain it. In order for an individual to have true intelligence into her adult years, she must foster what gifts she is given, and strive to better her self academically. Even as early as elementary school, many who are born with natural talent begin to fall behind intellectually. These students are often not