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Transition from adolescence to adulthood
Transition from adolescence to adulthood
Transition from adolescence to adulthood
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Have you ever imagined what would you like when you become 55 or older? Would you confirm to society’s expectations or would you form your own “quality of life” expectations? As the body matures and grow, there are some unique characteristics that comes with growing older. There is a meaning of old age transcending the life of an individual as the universally accepted human quality in respect to transcendence search and perspective of the meaning that define what comprises a human being (Moody & Sasser, 2014). Ageing forms different relationships with each individual and the society as that is filled with shared moments reflecting on life up until death occurs. Also, the “quality of life” becomes important. Leisure, which is a factor of the …show more content…
Fluid intelligence is when the individual have the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. Also, fluid intelligence involves the ability to identify patterns and relationships that underpin novel problems and to extrapolate these findings using logic. It includes inductive and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion. Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction or, informally, "top-down" logic is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion (Grossman 2007). Researchers have reported that fluid and crystallized intelligence tend to change throughout life, with certain mental abilities peaking at different points of age. The fluid intelligence has long-been believed to peak quite early in life, but some new research suggests that some aspects of fluid intelligence may peak as late as age 40. Crystallized intelligence does tend to peak much later in life, hitting its apex around age 60 or 70 (Cohen 2001). In conclusion, both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence. Fluid intelligence peaks at adolescence and begins to decline progressively around a person’s 30 or 40; however, crystallized intelligence will continue to grow throughout adulthood. Although, crystallized intelligence continues to grow when age, recent research also suggests that brain training might play a role in improving certain aspects of fluid intelligence (Cohen
Aging and old age for a long time presented as dominated by negative traits and states such as sickness, depression and isolation. The aging process is not simply senescence most people over the age of 65 are not Senile, bedridden, isolated, or suicidal (Aldwin & Levenson, 1994). This change in perspective led the investigation of the other side of the coin. Ageing is seen as health, maturity and personal Royal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generatively, coping and acceptance of age-related constraints (Birren & Fisher, 1995). Psychological und...
"Can You Make Yourself Smarter? Written by Dan Hurley first published in 2011 in The New York Times newspaper described ways to increase fluid intelligence, which allows people to manipulate data and solve problems.
Crystalized is referred to as acquired skills and knowledge (Cohen, 2012). Fluid intelligence is in reference to memory (Cohen, 2012). Luria's information processing approach is a theory that there are two basic processing styles, simultaneous and successive (Cohen, 2012). Simultaneous is when the thought as happening all at once, where as successive is when the thought is gathered over several thoughts in a series (Cohen, 2012). The Carroll's three-stratum theory is a belief that intelligence is layered with general intelligence of top and thoughts and processing below, similar to the stratum in geology (Cohen, 2012). The Cattell-Horn and Carroll's CHC model is a blended model of the Cattell-Horn model of crystalized and fluid intelligence and the Carroll model of
Prominent musician, Celine Dion, once said, “There’s no such thing is aging, but maturing and knowledge. It’s beautiful, I call that beauty.” To many, growing old is just a natural, beautiful part of life. It is inevitable. It is inescapable. The functionalist perspective of sociology states that the elderly perform a function in order to keep society running with ease. Functionalists focus on the disengagement theory and how people tend to disengage from society as they approach death. Symbolic interactionists focus on how environmental factors and relationships with others affect the aging experience, focusing on the activity theory and the continuity theory (Carl, 2011, p. 220). Conflict theorists focus on the discrepancies that arise between different age groups. They also focus on the economical side of aging and the issues that may arise due to an active elderly population (Carl, 2011, p. 221).
As a child, many individuals have free time where they can participate in leisurely activities often. Known as the preparation phase, leisure at this point is usually where a child forms relationships and set goals they wish to achieve in the future. This differs drastically from the establishment phase, where an individual is usually too busy to participate in leisure as much. At this phase, leisure is viewed as purposive, such as taking their child to a museum. The focus is generally not focused on just the individual themselves but rather on acting upon their previous goals to successfully reach them. The final phase is known as the reintegration phase where an individual reflects on the course their life has taken due to the preparation and establishing they have done. At each stage, there are constraints and facilitators that affect what an individual may do as leisure. However, there are other cultural and social factors that affect this as well. Ever since ancient times, an individual’s economic status is a factor that has affected their participation in certain leisure activities that they can afford or not. Today, this still occurs as some people can afford to do activities for leisure while others can not. There are other constraints that an individual can face as well based on where they live, their religion and what race they are. It is unfortunate that not all
As human beings age, according to Erik Erikson, they go through developmental stages that help to create and transform their personalities. If needs are met and the ego is gratified, then the individual is able to move on to the next challenge. Onward they march in life and in stage until they find the end level: integrity versus despair. This has been categorized as adults 65 years and older by Erikson. Here, people are to reminisce and judge their lives in terms of merit or disappointment. Erikson himself had a lot to comb through in his later years.
The first group is called fluid. As its name implies, fluid intelligence is like water, flowing to its own level no matter where it happens to be. Fluid intelligence is quick and flexible; enabling people to learn pretty much anything, even abstractions that are neither familiar nor connected to what they already know. Curiosity, learning for the joy of it, solving puzzles and the thrill of discovering something new are marks of fluid intelligence. Puzzles are often used to measure fluid intelligence, with speedy solutions given bonus points (as on many IQ tests). Immediate recall—of nonsense words, of numbers, of a sentence just read—is one indicator of fluid intelligence because working memory is crucial (Chuderski,2013; Nisbett et al.,2012). Since fluid intelligence appears to be disconnected from past learning, it may seem impractical. Not so. A study of adults aged 34 to 83 founds that people high in fluid intelligence were more exposed to stress but were less likely to suffer from it. They used their intellect to turn stresses into positive experiences (Stawski et al., 2010). The ability to detoxify stress may be one reason that high fluid intelligence in emerging adulthood leads to longer life and higher IQ later on. Fluid intelligence is associated with openness to new experiences and overall brain health (Batterham et al.,
To date, researchers have not found a single theory that covers all people. Growing old can mean different things for different people. However, a common trend between all elderly people is that individuals who had active lives as young adults generally remain active as older adults, while individuals who were distant in their young lives become more disengaged as they age. In both theories, the old commonly conduct a person life review where he or she may reminisce for houses on end, muse over photo albums, or visit childhood places. They seek to share their life’s experience with another and try to find purpose and meaning within their lives.
This reflection paper is based on the life history interview conducted on me and a 78-year-old woman who is soon going to celebrate her 79th birthday on Sep 21st. I would call her with a fictitious name “Smita” in the entire paper to maintain and protect her privacy. The interview was about our life. It was divided into six major life categories: childhood, adulthood, identity, the present, aging, and life lessons. Having an opportunity to interview a 78-year-old woman and writing this reflective paper about the life history and experiences had made me realize that I have a lot to learn about the stages of human life. Every individual lives are different and it varies tremendously. As an interviewee my goal was to collect the details of life, different stories, and experiences that makes our life unique from the rest of the people.
Active ageing does not stop when elderly people retire, as they can remain active through their families, peers and communities. Active ageing aims to allow elderly people to realise and bring awareness to their own psychological, physical and mental well-being. As the goal of active ageing is the autonomy and independence of elderly people (Alexandre, Cordeiro, & Ramos, 2009). Ageing is a continuing life cycle, it is an ongoing developmental event that brings about certain changes in one’s own psychological and physical state. It is a time in one's own life where an elderly individual reminisces and reflects, basks and lives on previous accomplishments and begins to finish his life cycle.
Aging and being old was dominated by negative characteristics and conditions such as illness, depression, and isolation for a long time (Eibach, Mock, & Courtney, 2010). At first glance the terms “success” and “aging” seem to be in conflict to each other. When asking people about aging, their answers have many facets that are also found in psychological definitions: successful aging is seen as health, maturity and personal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generativity, coping, and acceptance of age-related limitations. In the psychological sense successful aging is also often seen as the absence of age-associated characteristics (Strawbridge, Wallhagen, & Cohen, 2002). It seems that successful aging means is not aging.
Several people have developed the idea that as a person gets older their intelligence will decrease, this assumption has been developed through the idea that as an individual’s age increases, their fluid intelligence skills deteriorates. However there is more to intelligence than just fluid intelligence, crystallised intelligence works in much the same way except in reverse, with the older generation having more crystallised intelligence than younger people in their teenage years. Crystallized intelligence consists of acquired skills and knowledge which comes from ...
Lohman, D. F. (1998). Fluid intelligence, inductive reasoning, and working memory: Where the theory of Multiple Intelligences falls short. Talent development IV: Proceedings from the
In 1983, Howard Gardner a Harvard professor proposed the theory that individual can have multiple ways of learning and processing information. The multiple intelligences consist of 9 different ways and these include: verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, existential, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Every individual has a different amount of each intelligence but each intelligence is at a varying level. With the help of a multiple intelligences assessment, I found that my top three multiple intelligences are Intrapersonal, logical, and interpersonal. Within his research Gardner says that “Intrapersonal intelligence refers to people’s ability to recognize and assess those same characteristics
The study of leisure and recreation exist to improve the quality of people’s lives. Leisure is a key part of our lives. When we involve ourselves in leisure activities that satisfies us. We improve in creativity and self-control through these activities. We also get the sense of freedom, achievement and confidence. Leisure gives us the opportunity to enjoy new experiences and develop new skills. In the field of study of leisure and recreation, it focuses on the variety of recreational activities. Those activities that are involved in leisure tend to be rewarding to one’s health and the community. Leisure activities are chosen by every individual, the activities can be done where people feel more comfortable with people you enjoy surrounding