Enlightened Globalization: Path Towards Social Progress

2e. Social Reformation
Sachs also discusses the concept of social progress, which began in the Age of Enlightenment in Europe in the 1700s. The author also stresses the importance of “Enlightened Globalization” in the form of democracies, multilateralism, science and technology, and global economic system to meet the human needs. This requires active participation, cooperation, and innovative nations to sustain the progress. The three efforts which highlighted the rights of the poor and weak population were (i) The end of slavery as a results of independent movements which occurred in many countries concurrently; (ii) The end of colonialism with the notable effort by Mahatma Gandhi who strategized the independence movement by calling for political

The differential diagnosis checklist involves seven sets of questions aimed at identifying the factors that have lead to economic distress. The first category of questions aims at identifying the extent of extreme poverty through poverty mapping, monitoring key household indicators, evaluating physical infrastructure, and investigating poverty divides between ethnicities, genders, and generations. The first set of questions also includes an evaluation of key risk factors such as, demographic trends, environmental trends, climate shocks, disease, and commodity price fluctuations. The second category of the checklist relates to economic policy frameworks and involves questions surrounding a country’s business environment, trade policy, investment policy, infrastructure, and human capital. The third category revolves around fiscal frameworks and traps in public sector revenues and expenditures, tax management, public investments, macroeconomic instability, hidden debt and debt overhang. The fourth category of questions relates to the physical geography of the country and how this can hinder economic progress. The fifth category dissects governance patterns and failures through management, corruption, internal and cross-border security, and civil and political rights. The sixth set of questions concerns cultural barriers within a country. The seventh and final set of questions regards geopolitics related to international security relations and sanctions, trade barriers, and participation in regional and international